农民工的文化适应研究
|
摘要
农民工作为最庞大的移民群体,其文化适应问题是发展城乡统筹与社会和谐,也是有史以来最大规模的移民群体实现成功迁移的必然要求。携有农村文化特质的农民工与城市文化及市民的交互过程,也是其心理和行为上的文化适应过程。当面对一系列的冲突,如文化差异、环境差异、以及城市规则和二元化制度的差异时,个体或群体在交互过程中所产生的心理和行为转变,是能否实现社会融入和达到适应的关键。而目前研究面临一系列问题,如研究取向单一、研究对象过于抽象化和研究成果缺乏等问题,因此有必要从心理学的角度对我国农民工文化适应问题进行系统化的研究,将抽象和具体研究、量化和质化研究进行结合,可以从理论上充实和加深移民的文化适应研究体系,为跨文化心理学提供中国样本的佐证；在实践上有利于相关政策的落实,以及对农民工的心理及行为进行更准确的把握和指导。
本文将已有文化适应研究成果进行归纳和总结,结合农民工的地域性和国内移民特质等特点,将本研究的文化适应界定为：个体所构成的源文化群体,由于持续而直接的文化接触,而导致个体或群体的文化特质变化的现象,其中包括了心理和行为层面的适应,心理适应是对源文化和主流文化有正确的认知,能从心理上积极地协调两种文化的关系,行为适应则是态度和行为的合理表达。文化适应模式则是指个体面对两种文化时,所呈现的心理和行为的各种表现方式。在此基础上,从质化和量化研究的角度进行探索、分析和论证,具体研究方法包括：文献研究法、实地访谈和个案观察、开放式问卷、结构化量表、内隐测验法、投射测验法和个案研究等多种方法,同时采用因素分析、多重检验和聚类分析等统计手段对农民工文化适应进行了多角度和多层次的研究,再将系统研究的结果与文献研究进行整合分析,列举出农民工文化适应中已出现和可能出现的相关问题,并针对性的提出相应的建议。
本研究主要分为六个方面的内容：
研究—通过开放式调查(157名被试)和问卷调查(1440名被试),形成正式的《农民工文化适应问卷》,通过探索性和验证性因素分析发现问卷结果支持了文化适应的四维度结构,四个维度分别是分离型、弥散型、同化型和整合型,从问卷内容上看,心理适应和行为适应方面的内容,较能有效地反映个体稳定的文化适应特征。研究进一步对不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻、家庭成员在城情况、工龄、地域和民族特征进行分析,发现文化适应的特点和模式差异具有人口统计学方面的特征。
研究二以内隐联想测验法(62名被试)探索文化适应的内隐结构,与问卷调查结果所得到的外显性文化适应结构进行比较,发现两者分别是不同的心理结构,外显文化适应中的四个维度在内隐文化适应上效应也不显著。从内隐层面看,农民工对农村文化的态度更消极,这一特征不受到年龄和性别差异的影响。而文化适应与自尊和生活满意度的关系方面,外显结构与自尊和生活满意度呈正相关,分离型、整合型和同化型与自尊相关显著,而弥散型和自尊呈负相关；四个维度分别和生活满意度则显著相关,内隐的结构和自尊、生活满意度不相关。
研究三则以回族农民工为调查对象,使用投射测验方法(71名被试)对少数民族农民工的文化适应进行研究,结果发现回族群体的源文化特质是由农村文化和民族文化所构成的,相应的主流文化则包含了城市文化、汉族文化和更宽泛的文化特质,因此,少数民族农民工的文化适应过程相应的更加复杂。从结构上看,回族农民工的文化适应也包括心理适应和行为适应两方面的内容,而不同文化群体的特征和社会环境对文化适应也有影响。
研究四从城市居民的角度入手,以开放式调查(81名被试)和问卷调查(467名被试)探讨其对农民工的文化适应特质,发现城市居民文化适应结构也包括了心理和行为因素,而也存在四种相应的文化适应模式,即多元文化型、认同型、工具型多元文化型和排斥型。不同性别、年龄、文化程度和收入的城市居民在对农民工的文化适应上存在差异。
研究五以个案分析方法,从更具体的角度探索农民工文化适应的具体表现,研究发现农民工对主流文化的预期会影响文化适应的态度取向,社会网络关系可以帮助农民工获得机会和生活保障,但也造成其与主流文化和城市居民之间的障碍；生命历程规律影响农民工的个人发展和规划,也将文化适应上升到更宽泛的范畴中,包括了农民工在不同生活阶段和职业发展阶段的心理和行为适应；而农民工在城市中所遭受的显性与隐性歧视,会导致文化适应态度更消极。
最后根据研究结果,结合已有的相关文献研究,将农民工文化适应与就业、教育培训、民族认同、家庭和心理健康等问题进行联系,提出了基于文化适应的教育培训方式、正面宣传农民工源文化特质和建立农民工的心理健康服务体系等建议。
As the largest migrant group worldwide, the acculturation of migrant workers necessarily turns into the requirements of regional planning, urbanization and society harmony from macro-scope, and the standards of psychological and behavioral health on individuals from micro-scope. Upon the interaction of migrant workers with dominant culture and its people, a series of cultural conflicts would be encountered along with the psychological and behavioral acculturation. Such as cultural discrepancies, environmental differences, urbanized formula and dual-regulations that are based upon identity and social status.
Due to individuals and groups processing changes on acculturation variously, abundance of psychological investigations could be found aboard. As to the multi-cultural contexts in China, the acculturation of migrant workers in cities may appear to be more typical and unique, but the scarcity and simplification of researches are found. Thus systematic researches on it from psychological scopes are starved for the theories in the cross-cultural psychology and application for the carrying out of a certain policy.
After the integration of relevant researches and particularity of migrant workers with domestic or regional move, the definition of acculturation is that individuals of origin culture come into cities with the interaction with dominant culture and its people, and resulting in the phenomena of changes on their culture traits involved in mentality and behavior, in which mental acculturation refers to the cognition of origin and dominant culture and the harmonization of relations between cultures, behavioral acculturation means the expressions for attitudes and behaviors. Following the quality and quantity studies adopt literature study, field interview, non-structure questionnaire, implicit measurement, mapping contest, questionnaire survey and case study, we also unite the results and literature study for advocating the issues in favor of resolving the acculturation problems.
Six studies are consisted as follow:
Study I is for the acculturation structure, patterns and content, the non-structure questionnaire and survey are carried for the results, four patterns whose traits differ from acculturation of origin and dominant culture of separation, diffusion, assimilation and integration are composed though factor analyses, the content related to mental and behavioral acculturation are confirmed, furthermore, variables of gender, age, education, marital status, length of service and ethnic identities are also concerned demographically.
Study II discovers the implicit structure of acculturation by means of Implicit Association Test, the results exhibit that the implicit structure is differ from the explicit one nor the four patterns. The implicit acculturation of migrant workers is more negative on origin culture in spite of age and gender difference. As to dignity and life satisfaction, either the explicit structure or its patterns correlates with dignity and life satisfaction, separation, integration and assimilation have positive correlation with dignity significantly, diffusion correlates negatively with dignity, the implicit acculturation has no correlation with dignity and life satisfaction.
Study III is an mapping experiment on acculturation of ethnic migrant workers, the result indicates that the origin culture of Hui migrant workers be composed of country and ethnic culture, as to the dominant culture refers to a broad categories including urban, Han and other culture traits, anyhow, the process of Hui migrant workers are of complexity. Constitutes of mental and behavioral of acculturation in study I has been confirmed by the investigation of Hui, moreover, the characters of origin and dominant people as well as social environment are to be effective.
Study IV is on the stand of townsmen, to analyze the acculturation attitudes of townsmen toward the migrant workers with the non-structure questionnaire and survey, four patterns that are diversified in the dominant culture of townsmen were multi-culture, identification, utility of multi-culture and exclusion though statistical analyses, variables of gender, age, education and incomes are also considered demographically.
Study V is cases study on acculturation of migrant workers from idiographic and thorough views, it suggests that the prolepsis of dominant culture would affect the acculturation attitudes of migrant workers, social network provides employment chances and affection backing, yet handicaps the interaction between migrant workers and dominant culture and townsmen. The life course rules not only have influences on the individual development and career management, but also have an extension of the acculturation and long-terms adaptation. Some sorts of discrimination are related to the negative acculturation attitudes as well.
Last study is about the induction of all results we carried and literature reviews. The suggestions is related to the relations between acculturation and employment, education and training, ethnic identity, family and mental health. Besides, the reorientation system based on acculturation discrepancies, promotion based on origin cultural characters of migrant workers and mental health service system constructed for migrant workers are proposed subsequently.
本文将已有文化适应研究成果进行归纳和总结,结合农民工的地域性和国内移民特质等特点,将本研究的文化适应界定为：个体所构成的源文化群体,由于持续而直接的文化接触,而导致个体或群体的文化特质变化的现象,其中包括了心理和行为层面的适应,心理适应是对源文化和主流文化有正确的认知,能从心理上积极地协调两种文化的关系,行为适应则是态度和行为的合理表达。文化适应模式则是指个体面对两种文化时,所呈现的心理和行为的各种表现方式。在此基础上,从质化和量化研究的角度进行探索、分析和论证,具体研究方法包括：文献研究法、实地访谈和个案观察、开放式问卷、结构化量表、内隐测验法、投射测验法和个案研究等多种方法,同时采用因素分析、多重检验和聚类分析等统计手段对农民工文化适应进行了多角度和多层次的研究,再将系统研究的结果与文献研究进行整合分析,列举出农民工文化适应中已出现和可能出现的相关问题,并针对性的提出相应的建议。
本研究主要分为六个方面的内容：
研究—通过开放式调查(157名被试)和问卷调查(1440名被试),形成正式的《农民工文化适应问卷》,通过探索性和验证性因素分析发现问卷结果支持了文化适应的四维度结构,四个维度分别是分离型、弥散型、同化型和整合型,从问卷内容上看,心理适应和行为适应方面的内容,较能有效地反映个体稳定的文化适应特征。研究进一步对不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻、家庭成员在城情况、工龄、地域和民族特征进行分析,发现文化适应的特点和模式差异具有人口统计学方面的特征。
研究二以内隐联想测验法(62名被试)探索文化适应的内隐结构,与问卷调查结果所得到的外显性文化适应结构进行比较,发现两者分别是不同的心理结构,外显文化适应中的四个维度在内隐文化适应上效应也不显著。从内隐层面看,农民工对农村文化的态度更消极,这一特征不受到年龄和性别差异的影响。而文化适应与自尊和生活满意度的关系方面,外显结构与自尊和生活满意度呈正相关,分离型、整合型和同化型与自尊相关显著,而弥散型和自尊呈负相关；四个维度分别和生活满意度则显著相关,内隐的结构和自尊、生活满意度不相关。
研究三则以回族农民工为调查对象,使用投射测验方法(71名被试)对少数民族农民工的文化适应进行研究,结果发现回族群体的源文化特质是由农村文化和民族文化所构成的,相应的主流文化则包含了城市文化、汉族文化和更宽泛的文化特质,因此,少数民族农民工的文化适应过程相应的更加复杂。从结构上看,回族农民工的文化适应也包括心理适应和行为适应两方面的内容,而不同文化群体的特征和社会环境对文化适应也有影响。
研究四从城市居民的角度入手,以开放式调查(81名被试)和问卷调查(467名被试)探讨其对农民工的文化适应特质,发现城市居民文化适应结构也包括了心理和行为因素,而也存在四种相应的文化适应模式,即多元文化型、认同型、工具型多元文化型和排斥型。不同性别、年龄、文化程度和收入的城市居民在对农民工的文化适应上存在差异。
研究五以个案分析方法,从更具体的角度探索农民工文化适应的具体表现,研究发现农民工对主流文化的预期会影响文化适应的态度取向,社会网络关系可以帮助农民工获得机会和生活保障,但也造成其与主流文化和城市居民之间的障碍；生命历程规律影响农民工的个人发展和规划,也将文化适应上升到更宽泛的范畴中,包括了农民工在不同生活阶段和职业发展阶段的心理和行为适应；而农民工在城市中所遭受的显性与隐性歧视,会导致文化适应态度更消极。
最后根据研究结果,结合已有的相关文献研究,将农民工文化适应与就业、教育培训、民族认同、家庭和心理健康等问题进行联系,提出了基于文化适应的教育培训方式、正面宣传农民工源文化特质和建立农民工的心理健康服务体系等建议。
As the largest migrant group worldwide, the acculturation of migrant workers necessarily turns into the requirements of regional planning, urbanization and society harmony from macro-scope, and the standards of psychological and behavioral health on individuals from micro-scope. Upon the interaction of migrant workers with dominant culture and its people, a series of cultural conflicts would be encountered along with the psychological and behavioral acculturation. Such as cultural discrepancies, environmental differences, urbanized formula and dual-regulations that are based upon identity and social status.
Due to individuals and groups processing changes on acculturation variously, abundance of psychological investigations could be found aboard. As to the multi-cultural contexts in China, the acculturation of migrant workers in cities may appear to be more typical and unique, but the scarcity and simplification of researches are found. Thus systematic researches on it from psychological scopes are starved for the theories in the cross-cultural psychology and application for the carrying out of a certain policy.
After the integration of relevant researches and particularity of migrant workers with domestic or regional move, the definition of acculturation is that individuals of origin culture come into cities with the interaction with dominant culture and its people, and resulting in the phenomena of changes on their culture traits involved in mentality and behavior, in which mental acculturation refers to the cognition of origin and dominant culture and the harmonization of relations between cultures, behavioral acculturation means the expressions for attitudes and behaviors. Following the quality and quantity studies adopt literature study, field interview, non-structure questionnaire, implicit measurement, mapping contest, questionnaire survey and case study, we also unite the results and literature study for advocating the issues in favor of resolving the acculturation problems.
Six studies are consisted as follow:
Study I is for the acculturation structure, patterns and content, the non-structure questionnaire and survey are carried for the results, four patterns whose traits differ from acculturation of origin and dominant culture of separation, diffusion, assimilation and integration are composed though factor analyses, the content related to mental and behavioral acculturation are confirmed, furthermore, variables of gender, age, education, marital status, length of service and ethnic identities are also concerned demographically.
Study II discovers the implicit structure of acculturation by means of Implicit Association Test, the results exhibit that the implicit structure is differ from the explicit one nor the four patterns. The implicit acculturation of migrant workers is more negative on origin culture in spite of age and gender difference. As to dignity and life satisfaction, either the explicit structure or its patterns correlates with dignity and life satisfaction, separation, integration and assimilation have positive correlation with dignity significantly, diffusion correlates negatively with dignity, the implicit acculturation has no correlation with dignity and life satisfaction.
Study III is an mapping experiment on acculturation of ethnic migrant workers, the result indicates that the origin culture of Hui migrant workers be composed of country and ethnic culture, as to the dominant culture refers to a broad categories including urban, Han and other culture traits, anyhow, the process of Hui migrant workers are of complexity. Constitutes of mental and behavioral of acculturation in study I has been confirmed by the investigation of Hui, moreover, the characters of origin and dominant people as well as social environment are to be effective.
Study IV is on the stand of townsmen, to analyze the acculturation attitudes of townsmen toward the migrant workers with the non-structure questionnaire and survey, four patterns that are diversified in the dominant culture of townsmen were multi-culture, identification, utility of multi-culture and exclusion though statistical analyses, variables of gender, age, education and incomes are also considered demographically.
Study V is cases study on acculturation of migrant workers from idiographic and thorough views, it suggests that the prolepsis of dominant culture would affect the acculturation attitudes of migrant workers, social network provides employment chances and affection backing, yet handicaps the interaction between migrant workers and dominant culture and townsmen. The life course rules not only have influences on the individual development and career management, but also have an extension of the acculturation and long-terms adaptation. Some sorts of discrimination are related to the negative acculturation attitudes as well.
Last study is about the induction of all results we carried and literature reviews. The suggestions is related to the relations between acculturation and employment, education and training, ethnic identity, family and mental health. Besides, the reorientation system based on acculturation discrepancies, promotion based on origin cultural characters of migrant workers and mental health service system constructed for migrant workers are proposed subsequently.
引文
埃尔德,葛小佳.(1998).变迁社会中的人生——生命历程及其中国的实例.中国社会科学季刊，(3)：19-45
蔡禾,王进.(2007).“农民工”永久迁移意愿研究.社会学研究(6)：86-113
曹子玮.(2003).农民工的再建构社会网与网内资源流向.社会学研究(3)：99-110
陈慧.(2003).跨文化适应影响因素研究评述.心理科学进展,11(6)：704-710
陈慧,车宏生,朱敏.(2003).跨文化适应影响因素研究述评.心理科学进属,11(6)：704-710
陈映芳.(2005).“农民工”：制度安排与身份认同.社会学研究(3)：119-132
陈向明.(1998).旅居者和“外国人”——中国留美学生踌文化人际交往研究长沙：湖南教育出版社
杜红,王重鸣.(2001).外资企业跨文化适应模式分析：结构方程建模.心理科学，4(4)：415-417
董小玉,胡杨.(2010).都市类媒体中农民工形象流变研究.新闻爱好者(下半月),(10)：12-14
贵永霞.(2010).农民工的城市认同与城市依恋研究硕士学位论文.重庆：西南大学.
费孝通.(2000).简述我对瞄矣研究经历与思考.中央民族大学勃及(哲学社会科学版),27(1)：1-9
苟国旗.(2009).农民工媒介形象与转型.求索(9)：81-82
谷小勇.(2005).主要发达国家农民职业教育发展的经验及启示(上).世界农业,(8)：54-57
侯力,肖贺飞.(2005).农村劳动力转移过程中存在的社会问题.人口学刊，(6)：18-22
何莹,张庆林,李红.(2004).少数民族与汉族大学生学习适应性的调查研究.西南师范大学学报：人文社会科学版，30(3)：44-47
黄春梅.(2003).城市农民工与市民的摩擦性互动探析.社会，(5)：35-39
江立华.(2003).城市性与农民工的适应性.社会科学研究，(5)：92-96
江立华,朱考金.(2003).城市性与农民工的适应性.社会科学研究5：92-96
江立华.(2006).社会排斥与农民工地位的边缘化.华中科技大学学报：社会科学版，20(6)：112-116
蒋善,张璐,王卫红.(2007).重庆市农民工心理健康状况调查.心理科学，30(1)：216-218
林崇德.(2007).“心理和谐”是心理学研究中国化的催化剂.心理发展与教育，23(1)：1-5
李培林,李炜.(2007).农民工在中国转型中的经济地位与社会态度.社会学研究，(3)：1-17
李强.(2004).西部农村工业化城镇化与农业协调发展的对策探讨.西南农业大学学报,2(1)：1-4
李强.(1995).我国社会各阶层收入差距分析.科技导报,(11)：61-64
李伟东.(2009).新生代农民工的城市适应研究.社会科学,(4)：29-33
罗静,王薇,高文斌.(2009).中国留守儿童研究评述.心理科学进展,(5)：990-995
刘电芝,马前广,杨会会.(2008).农民工社会认知状况的调查研究.心理科学,31(6)：1373-1376
刘伟忠.(2006).化解城市边缘人口心理冲突的政策选择.贵州社会科学，(6)：53-56
李超海,唐斌.(2006).城市认同、制度性障碍与“民工荒”现象——长三角、珠三角和中西部地区实地调查.青年研究(7)：19-28
刘亚敏.(2009,).农民工群体的心理困境与疏导策略.农业经济,(7)：8-10
刘力,程千.(2010).主流媒体对农民工的表征及变迁——以中央电视台春节联欢晚会中的小品为例.中国农业大学学报：社会科学版，27(2)：25-34
李培林,李炜.(2010).近年来农民工的经济状况和社会态度.中国社会科学，(1)：119-131
钱铭怡,肖广兰.(1998).青少年心理健康水平,自我效能,自尊与父母养育方式的相关研究.心理科学，21(6)：553-555
任裕海.(2003).论跨文化适应的可能性及其内在机制.安徽大学学报，27(1)：105-108
严文华.(2007).跨文化适应与应激、应激源研究：中国学生、学者在德国.心理科学，30(4)：1010-1012
孙秀娟.(2007).农民工上向社会流动空间分析.人口学刊，(4)：40-43
孙丽璐,郑涌.(2010).移民文化适应的研究趋势.心理科学进展,(3)：496-504
田凯.(1995).关于农民工钓城市适应性的调查分析与思考.社会科学研究(5)：90-95
夏四平.(2008).农民工社会认同的特点研究硕士学位论文.重庆：西南大学
王春光.(2001).新生代农村流动人口的社会认同与城乡融合的关系.社会学研究(3)：63-76
王春兰.(2006).外出务工农民难以城市化的原因探析.西南民族大学学报：人文社会科学版,27(5)：210-213
王兴周,张文宏.(2008).城市性：农民工市民化的新方向.社会科学战线,(12)：173-179
王建民.(2008).社会转型中的象征二元结构：以农民工群体为中心的微观权力分析.社会,28(2)：77-11
汪国华.(2009).新生代农民工交往行为的逻辑与文化适应的路向.中国青年研究(6)：39-43
吴永忠,杨鑫,洪明毅.(2006).贵州黔东南州少数民族大学生心理健康调查与分析.贵州民族研究，26(6)：144-148
王奋宇,赵延东.(2003).流动民工的经济地位获得及决定因素.载：农民工：中国进城农民工的经济社会分析北京：社会科学文献出版社
王春光.(2006).农村流动人口的“半城市化”问题研究.社会学研究(5)：107-122
王慧,王霞.(2010).金融危机背景下返乡农民工职业技能培训问题研究综述.农业经济,(10)：88-90
汪三贵,刘湘琳,史识洁,应雄巍.(2010).金融危机背景下农民工返乡的影响因素分析——以河南固始县为例.生产力研究(8)：48-50
万恒.(2010).面向90后农民工的职业培训应加强公民教育.职业技术教育，(25)：60-63
吴岚.(2009).农民工教育培训的现状分析与对策研究.中国成人教育，(23)：110-112
许学峰,任孟山,武闽.(2009).城市农民工群体的传媒境遇及其成因.现代传播：中国传媒大学学报,(4)：39-41
许向东.(2009).一个特殊群体的媒介投影——传媒再现中的“农民工”形象研究.国际新闻界,(10)：42-45
杨国勇,朱海伦.(2007).基于地方政府治理创新的农民工政策实践的思考.社会科学战线,(5)：315-316
易善策.(2007).新时期城镇化进程中的农民工问题与对策.中国人口资源与环境17(1)：1-5
余伟,郑钢.(2005).跨文化心理学中的文化适应研究.心理科学进展,(6)：836-846
严翅君.(2010).警惕：新生代农民工成“职业枯竭”早发群体.江苏社会科学，(1)：125-131
杨晓军,陈浩.(2008).农民工就业培训的投资决策模型及实证分析.中国人口科学，(6)：63-68
朱力.(2001).群体性偏见与歧视——农民工与市民的磨擦性互动.江海学刊，(6)：48-53
朱考金.(2002).城市农民工的心态与观念——以南京市600例样本的频数分布为例.社会，(9)：10-12
朱力.(2002).论农民工的城市适应.江海学刊，(6)：82-88
张春泥,刘林平.(2008).网络的差异性和求职效果——农民工利用关系求职的效果研究.社会学研究(4)：138-162
张雪筠.(2008).“群体性排斥与部分的接纳”——市民与农民工群际关系的实证分析.广西社会科学，(5)：175-178
张新岭.(2008).农民工就业能力及其开发刍议.人口与经济，(2)：23-27；
张涛.(2007).农民工群体内部分层及其影响：以收入分层为视角——武汉市农民工思想道德调查分析报告.青年研究，(6)：30-35
赵哗琴.(2007).农民工：日常生活中的身份建构与空间型构.社会,27(6)：175-188
张世富.(1996).民族心理学.济南：山东教育出版社
周明宝.(2004).城市滞留型青年农民工的文化适应与身份认同.社会，(5)：4-23
郑雪,邱林.(2005).主观幸福感的结构及其与人格特质的关系.应用心理学，11(4)：330-335
张红.(2004).农村共同体向城市社区的转化.社会观察，(5)：7
曾煜.(2010).金融危机下社会保障制度建设中的三种责任.广东社会科学，(2)：155-160
Adler, P. (1975). The transnational experience:An alternative view of culture shock. Journal of Humanistic Psychology,15(4):13-23
Arends, T. J., Fons, J. R., & Vijve, V. D. (2003). Multiculturalism and acculturation:Views of Dutch and Turkish-Dutch. European Journal of Social Psychology,33,249-266
Arends, T. J. (2007).Cultural and gender differences in gender-role beliefs, sharing household task and child-care responsibilities, and well-being among immigrants and majority members in the Netherlands. Sex Roles,57(11/12):813-824
Arends, T. J., Fons, J. R., & Vijve, V. D. (2007). Acculturation attitudes:A comparison of measurement methods. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,57(7):1462-1488
Arends, T. J., Fons, J. R., & Vijve, V. D. (2008). Family relationships among Immigrants and majority members in the Netherlands:The Role of Acculturation. Applied Psychology:An International Review,57(3):466-487
Asendorpf, J. B.,Banse, R., & Mu"cke, D. (2002). Double dissociation between implicit and explicit personality self-concept:the case of shy behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,83:380-393
Asvat, T. (2008). Acculturation and depressive symptoms in Muslim university students: Personal-family acculturation match. International Journal of Psychology,43:114-124
Banse, R., Seise, J., Zerbes, N., & Berlin, H. U. (2001). Implicit attitudes towards homosexuality: reliability, validity, and controllability of the I AT. Experimental Psychology,48:145-160
Bashe, A., Anderson, S. K., Handelsman, M. M., & Klevansky, R. (2007). An acculturation model for ethics training:the ethics autobiography and beyond. Professional Psychology:Research & Practice,38:60-67
Berry, J. W., Kim, U., Power, S., Young, M., & Bujaki, M. (1989). Acculturation attitudes in plural societies, Applied Cross-cultural Psychology,38:185-206
Berry, J. W. (1990).Psychology of acculturation:Understanding individuals moving between cultures. Applied Cross-cultural Psychology:Cross-cultural research and methodology series,14: 232-253
Berry, J.W., Poortinga, Y. H., Segall, M.H., & Dasen, E R. (1992).Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications. New York:Cambridge University Press.
Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology,46:5-34
Berry, J. W., Poortinga, Y. H., Pandey, J., Dasen, E R., Saraswathi, T. S.,Segall, M. H., & Kagitqibasi, C. (Eds.). (1997). Handbook of crosscultural psychology. (2nd ed., Vols.1-3). Needham Heights, MA:Allyn & Bacon.
Berry, J. W. (2003). Conceptual approaches to acculturation:Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research. Washington, DC, US:American Psychological Association
Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation:Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations,29:697-712
Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., & Sam, D. L. (2006). Immigrant youth:Acculturation, identity and adaptation. Applied Psychology:An International Review,55:303-332
Berry, J. W., & Sabatierb, C. (2009). Acculturation, discrimination, and adaptation among second generation immigrant youth in Montreal and Paris. International Journal of Intercultural Relations,34:191-207
Birman, D. (1994). Biculturalism and perceived competence of Latino immigrant adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology,26:335-354
Birman, D., Trickett, E. J., & Buchanan, R. M. (2005). Acculturation, school context, and school outcomes:Adaptation of refugee adolescents from the former Soviet Union. Psychology in the Schools,42:27-38
Birman, D., & Taylor-Ritzler, T. (2007). Acculturation and psychological distress among adolescent immigrants from the former Soviet Union:Exploring the mediating effect of family relationships. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,13:337-346
Birman, D., Trickett, E. J., & Vinokurov, A. (2002). Acculturation and adaptation of soviet Jewish refugee adolescents:Predictors of adjustment across life domains. American Journal of Community Psychology,30:585-606
Bourhis, R. Y., & Dayan, J. (2004). Acculturation orientations towards Israeli Arabs and Jewish immigrants in Israel. International Journal of Psychology,39:118-131
Bowskill, M., Lyons, E., & Coyle, A, (2007). The rhetoric of acculturation:When integration means assimilation. British Journal of Social Psychology,46:793-813
Castillo, L. G., Conoley, C. W., & Brossart, D. F. (2004). Acculturation, white marginalization, and family support as predictors of perceived distress in Mexican American female college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology,51:151-157
Chan, C. K., & Owens, R. G. (2006). Perfectionism and eating disorder symptomatology in Chinese immigrants:Mediating and moderating effects of ethnic identity and acculturation. Psychology & Health,21:49-63
Chia, A. L., & Costigan, C. L. (2006). Understanding the multidimensionality of acculturation among Chinese Canadians. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science,38:311-324
Chimata, R. L., Jason, L. A., Taylor, R. R., & Torres, H. S. (2006). African-Americans and Latinos with chronic fatigue:Examining the role of acculturation status. North American Journal of Psychology,8:547-555
Chung, R. G., Kim, B. K. & Abreu, J. M. (2004). Asian American multidimensional acculturation scale:Development, factor analysis, reliability, and validity. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,70:66-80
Choi, J. B., & Thomas, M. (2009). Predictive factors of acculturation attitudes and social support among Asian immigrants in the USA. International Journal of Social Welfare,18:76-84
Coatsworth, J. D., Molina, M. M., Pantin, H., & Szapocznik, J. (2005). A person-centered and ecological investigation of acculturation strategies in Hispanic immigrant youth. Journal of Community Psychology,33:157-174
Cramer, K. M. (1999). Psychological antecedents to help-seeking behavior:A reanalysis using path modeling structures. Journal of Counseling Psychology,46:381-387
Dinh, K. T., Roosa, M. W., & Jenn-Yun, T. L. (2002). The relationship between acculturation and problem behavior proneness in a Hispanic youth sample:A longitudinal mediation mode. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,30:295-306
Domi'nguez, S., & Isidro, J. I. (2008) Acculturation of host individuals:Immigrants and personal networks. American Journal of Community Psychology,42:309-327
Edwards, L. M., & Lopez, S. J. (2006). Perceived family support, acculturation, and life satisfaction in Mexican American youth:A mixed-methods exploration. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53 (3):279-287
Egloff, B., & Schmukle,, S. C. (2003). Does social desirability moderate the relationship between implicit and explicit anxiety measures? Personality and Individual Differences,35:1697-1706
Elder, Z. Y. (1998). The Life Course and Human Development. In Richard M. Lemer (Ed), Handbook of Child Psychology. New York:Wiley
Flores, L. Y., Ojeda, L., Huang, Y. P., Gee, D., & Lee, S. (2006). The relation of acculturation, problem-solving appraisal, and career decision-making self-efficacy to Mexican American high school students'educational goals. Journal of Counseling Psychology,21:125-133
Eric, J. L. (2002). Acculturation, social support and academic achievement of Mexican and Mexican American high school students:An exploration study. Psychology in the Schools,39:245-257
Fons, J. R., Vijve, V. D., & Phalet, K. (2004). Assessment in multicultural groups:The role of acculturation. Applied Psychology:An International Review,53:215-236
Giang, M. T., & Wittig, M. A. (2006). Implications of adolescents'acculturation strategies for personal and collective self-esteem. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,12: 725-739
Gottlieb, M. C., Handelsman, M. M., & Knapp, S. (2005). Training ethical psychologists:An acculturation model. Professional Psychology:Research and Practice,36:59-65
Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2001). Implicit social cognition:attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review,102:4-27
Greenwald, A. G., & Nosek, B. A. (2001). Health of the implicit association test at age 3. Experimental Psychology,48:85-93
Greenland, K., & Brown, R. (2005). Acculturation and contact in Japanese students studying in the United Kingdom. Journal of Social Psychology,145:373-389
Gungor, D. (2007). The interplay between values, acculturation and adaptation:A study on Turkish-Belgian adolescents. International Journal of Psychology,42:380-392
Hwang, W. C., & Ting, J. Y. (2008). Disaggregating the effects of acculturation and acculturative stress on the mental health of Asian Americans. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology,14:147-154
Kim, D. Y., Sarason, B. R., & Sarason, I. G. (2006). Implicit social cognition and culture explicit and implicit psychological acculturation, and distress of Korean-American young adults. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology,25:1-32
Kim, S. Y., & Chao, R. K. (2009). Heritage language fluency, ethnic identity, and school effort of immigrant Chinese and Mexican adolescents. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,15:7-37
Kosic, A. (2002). Acculturation Attitudes, Need for Cognitive Closure, and Adaptation of Immigrants. The Journal of Social Psychology,142:179-201
Kosic, A. (2004). Acculturation strategies, coping process and acculturative stress. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,45:269-278
Kurman, J., Eshel, Y., & Zehavi, N. (2005). Personal and group acculturation attitudes and adjustment:Russian and Ethiopian immigrants in Israel. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35:956-974
Kwak, K. (2003). Adolescents and their parents:A review of intergenerational family relations for immigrant and non-immigrant families. Human Development,46:5-136
Liao, H. Y, Rounds, J., & Klein, A. G. (2005). A test of Cramer's (1999) help-seeking model and acculturation effects with Asian and Asian American college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology,52:400-411
Lopez, S. R., Garcia, J. R., Ullman, J. B., Kopelowicz, A., Jenkins, J., & Breitborde, N. J. K., et al. (2009). Cultural variability in the manifestation of expressed emotion. Family Process,48: 179-194
Luijters, K., Van de Vijver, D. Z.,& Sabine, O. (2006). Acculturation strategies among ethnic minority workers and the role of intercultural personality. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations,9:561-575
Mallinckrodt, B., Shigeoka, S., & Suzuki, L. A. (2005). Asian and Pacific Island American students' acculturation and etiology beliefs about typical counseling presenting problems. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,11:227-238
Miller, M. J. (2007). A bilinear multidimensional measurement model of Asian American acculturation and enculturation:implications for counseling interventions. Journal of Counseling Psychology,54:118-131
Mori, Y., Inman, A. G., & Caskie, G. I. L. (2009). Supervising international students:Relationship between acculturation, supervisor multicultural competence, cultural discussions, and supervision satisfaction. Training and Education in Professional Psychology,3:10-18
Myers, R. C., Chou, C. P., Sussman, S., Garbanati, B. L., Pacho, H., & Valente, T. W. (2009). Acculturation and substance use:Social influence as a mediator among Hispanic alternative high school youth. Journal of Health and Social Behavior,50:164-179
Oppedal, B., Roysamb, E., & Heyerdahl, S. (2005). Ethnic group, acculturation, and psychiatric problems in young immigrants. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry,46:646-660
Ouarasse和Vijve (2004) Ouarasse, O. A., & Vijve, V. D. (2004). Structure and function of the perceived acculturation context of young Moroccans in the Netherlands. International Journal of Psychology,39:190-204
Park, Y., Vo, L, P., & Tsong, Y. Y. (2009). Family affection as a protective factor against the negative effects of perceived Asian values gap on the parent-child relationship for Asian American male and female college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,15: 18-26
Peeters, T., & Maria, C. W. (2009). The Relationship between acculturation orientations and work-related well-being:Differences between ethnic minority and majority employees. International Journal of Stress Management,16:1-24
Phinney, J. S., Romero, I., Nava, M., & Huang, D. (2001). The Role of了anguage, parents, and peers in ethnic identity among adolescents in immigrant families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,30:135-153
Phinney, J., Chun, K., Organista, P., & Marin, G. (2003). Acculturation:Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research. Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
Ponterotto, J. G., Rao, V., Zweig, J., & Rieger, B. P. (2001). The relationship of acculturation and gender to attitudes toward counseling in Italian and Greek American college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,7:362-375
Rodriguez, N., Mira, C. B., & Myers, H. F. (2007). Exploring the complexities of familism and acculturation:Central constructs for people of Mexican origin. American Journal of Community Psychology,59:61-77
Roesch, S. C., Wee, C., & Vaughn, A. A. (2006). Relations between the big five personality traits and dispositional coping in Korean Americans:acculturation as a moderating factor. International Journal of Psychology,41:85-96
Saba, S., Glarry, L., & Ward, S. (2003). Difference acculturation model with Iranian immigrants in Canada. Applied Psychology:An International Review,52:555-579
Sam, D. L. (2000). Psychological adaptation of adolescents with immigrant backgrounds. Journal of Social Psychology,140,5-25
Schmitt, R., & Silbereisen, R. K. (1999). Determinants of differential acculturation of developmental timetables among adolescent immigrants to Germany. International Journal of Psychology,34: 219-233
Schimmack, U., Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Life-satisfaction is a momentary judgment and a stable personality characteristic:The use of chronically accessible and stable sources. Journal of Personality,70:345-385
Schofield, T. J., Parke, R. D., Kim, Y. & Coltrane, S. (2008). Bridging the acculturation gap: Parent-child relationship quality as a Moderator in Mexican American Families. Developmental Psychology,44:1190-1194
Schwartz, S. J., & Zamboanga, B. L. (2007). Testing Berry's model of acculturation:A confirmatory latent class approach. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,14:275-285
Silbereisen, R. K. (2008). New research on acculturation among diaspora migrant. International Journal of Psychology,43:2-5
Sik, H. N. (2007). From language acculturation to communication acculturation:addressee orientations and communication brokering in conversations. Journal of Language & Social Psychology,26(1):75-90
Silka, L. (2008). Finding community in studies of host community acculturation. American Journal of Community Psychology,42 (3/4):365-367
Stefanidi, M. F., Pavlopoulos, V., & Obradovic, J. (2008). Acculturation and adaptation of immigrant adolescents in Greek urban schools. International Journal of Psychology,43:45-58
Stevens, G. W., Pels, T. V., Vollebergh, A. M., & Crijnen, A. A. (2004). Patterns of psychological acculturation in adult and adolescent Moroccan immigrants living in the Netherlands. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,35:689-704
Titzmann, P. F. (2008). Risk and protective factors for delinquency among male adolescent immigrants at different stages of the acculturation process. International Journal of Psychology, 43:19-31
Tseng, V. (2008). Reconceptualizing acculturation:Ecological processes, historical contexts, and power inequities. American Journal of Community Psychology,42:355-358
Verkuyten, M., & Wolf, A. D. (2002). Ethnic minority identity and group context:Self-descriptions, acculturation attitudes and group evaluations in an intra-and intergroup situation. European Journal of Social Psychology,32:781-806
Wang, C, C., & Mallinckrodt, B. (2006). Acculturation, attachment, and psychosocial adjustment of Chinese/Taiwanese international students. Journal of Counseling Psychology,53:422-433
Ward, C., Landis, D., & Bhagat, R, (1996). Handbook of inter cultural training. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Ward, C. (1999). The measurement of sociocultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations,23:659-677
Zadeh, Z. Y., Geva, E., & Rogers, M. A. (2008). The impact of acculturation on the perception of academic achievement by immigrant mothers and their children. School Psychology International,29:39-70
Zagefka, H., & Brown, R. B. (2007). Predictors and consequences of negative attitudes toward immigrants in Belgium and Turkey:The role of acculturation preferences and economic competition. British Journal of Social Psychology,46:153-169
蔡禾,王进.(2007).“农民工”永久迁移意愿研究.社会学研究(6)：86-113
曹子玮.(2003).农民工的再建构社会网与网内资源流向.社会学研究(3)：99-110
陈慧.(2003).跨文化适应影响因素研究评述.心理科学进展,11(6)：704-710
陈慧,车宏生,朱敏.(2003).跨文化适应影响因素研究述评.心理科学进属,11(6)：704-710
陈映芳.(2005).“农民工”：制度安排与身份认同.社会学研究(3)：119-132
陈向明.(1998).旅居者和“外国人”——中国留美学生踌文化人际交往研究长沙：湖南教育出版社
杜红,王重鸣.(2001).外资企业跨文化适应模式分析：结构方程建模.心理科学，4(4)：415-417
董小玉,胡杨.(2010).都市类媒体中农民工形象流变研究.新闻爱好者(下半月),(10)：12-14
贵永霞.(2010).农民工的城市认同与城市依恋研究硕士学位论文.重庆：西南大学.
费孝通.(2000).简述我对瞄矣研究经历与思考.中央民族大学勃及(哲学社会科学版),27(1)：1-9
苟国旗.(2009).农民工媒介形象与转型.求索(9)：81-82
谷小勇.(2005).主要发达国家农民职业教育发展的经验及启示(上).世界农业,(8)：54-57
侯力,肖贺飞.(2005).农村劳动力转移过程中存在的社会问题.人口学刊，(6)：18-22
何莹,张庆林,李红.(2004).少数民族与汉族大学生学习适应性的调查研究.西南师范大学学报：人文社会科学版，30(3)：44-47
黄春梅.(2003).城市农民工与市民的摩擦性互动探析.社会，(5)：35-39
江立华.(2003).城市性与农民工的适应性.社会科学研究，(5)：92-96
江立华,朱考金.(2003).城市性与农民工的适应性.社会科学研究5：92-96
江立华.(2006).社会排斥与农民工地位的边缘化.华中科技大学学报：社会科学版，20(6)：112-116
蒋善,张璐,王卫红.(2007).重庆市农民工心理健康状况调查.心理科学，30(1)：216-218
林崇德.(2007).“心理和谐”是心理学研究中国化的催化剂.心理发展与教育，23(1)：1-5
李培林,李炜.(2007).农民工在中国转型中的经济地位与社会态度.社会学研究，(3)：1-17
李强.(2004).西部农村工业化城镇化与农业协调发展的对策探讨.西南农业大学学报,2(1)：1-4
李强.(1995).我国社会各阶层收入差距分析.科技导报,(11)：61-64
李伟东.(2009).新生代农民工的城市适应研究.社会科学,(4)：29-33
罗静,王薇,高文斌.(2009).中国留守儿童研究评述.心理科学进展,(5)：990-995
刘电芝,马前广,杨会会.(2008).农民工社会认知状况的调查研究.心理科学,31(6)：1373-1376
刘伟忠.(2006).化解城市边缘人口心理冲突的政策选择.贵州社会科学，(6)：53-56
李超海,唐斌.(2006).城市认同、制度性障碍与“民工荒”现象——长三角、珠三角和中西部地区实地调查.青年研究(7)：19-28
刘亚敏.(2009,).农民工群体的心理困境与疏导策略.农业经济,(7)：8-10
刘力,程千.(2010).主流媒体对农民工的表征及变迁——以中央电视台春节联欢晚会中的小品为例.中国农业大学学报：社会科学版，27(2)：25-34
李培林,李炜.(2010).近年来农民工的经济状况和社会态度.中国社会科学，(1)：119-131
钱铭怡,肖广兰.(1998).青少年心理健康水平,自我效能,自尊与父母养育方式的相关研究.心理科学，21(6)：553-555
任裕海.(2003).论跨文化适应的可能性及其内在机制.安徽大学学报，27(1)：105-108
严文华.(2007).跨文化适应与应激、应激源研究：中国学生、学者在德国.心理科学，30(4)：1010-1012
孙秀娟.(2007).农民工上向社会流动空间分析.人口学刊，(4)：40-43
孙丽璐,郑涌.(2010).移民文化适应的研究趋势.心理科学进展,(3)：496-504
田凯.(1995).关于农民工钓城市适应性的调查分析与思考.社会科学研究(5)：90-95
夏四平.(2008).农民工社会认同的特点研究硕士学位论文.重庆：西南大学
王春光.(2001).新生代农村流动人口的社会认同与城乡融合的关系.社会学研究(3)：63-76
王春兰.(2006).外出务工农民难以城市化的原因探析.西南民族大学学报：人文社会科学版,27(5)：210-213
王兴周,张文宏.(2008).城市性：农民工市民化的新方向.社会科学战线,(12)：173-179
王建民.(2008).社会转型中的象征二元结构：以农民工群体为中心的微观权力分析.社会,28(2)：77-11
汪国华.(2009).新生代农民工交往行为的逻辑与文化适应的路向.中国青年研究(6)：39-43
吴永忠,杨鑫,洪明毅.(2006).贵州黔东南州少数民族大学生心理健康调查与分析.贵州民族研究，26(6)：144-148
王奋宇,赵延东.(2003).流动民工的经济地位获得及决定因素.载：农民工：中国进城农民工的经济社会分析北京：社会科学文献出版社
王春光.(2006).农村流动人口的“半城市化”问题研究.社会学研究(5)：107-122
王慧,王霞.(2010).金融危机背景下返乡农民工职业技能培训问题研究综述.农业经济,(10)：88-90
汪三贵,刘湘琳,史识洁,应雄巍.(2010).金融危机背景下农民工返乡的影响因素分析——以河南固始县为例.生产力研究(8)：48-50
万恒.(2010).面向90后农民工的职业培训应加强公民教育.职业技术教育，(25)：60-63
吴岚.(2009).农民工教育培训的现状分析与对策研究.中国成人教育，(23)：110-112
许学峰,任孟山,武闽.(2009).城市农民工群体的传媒境遇及其成因.现代传播：中国传媒大学学报,(4)：39-41
许向东.(2009).一个特殊群体的媒介投影——传媒再现中的“农民工”形象研究.国际新闻界,(10)：42-45
杨国勇,朱海伦.(2007).基于地方政府治理创新的农民工政策实践的思考.社会科学战线,(5)：315-316
易善策.(2007).新时期城镇化进程中的农民工问题与对策.中国人口资源与环境17(1)：1-5
余伟,郑钢.(2005).跨文化心理学中的文化适应研究.心理科学进展,(6)：836-846
严翅君.(2010).警惕：新生代农民工成“职业枯竭”早发群体.江苏社会科学，(1)：125-131
杨晓军,陈浩.(2008).农民工就业培训的投资决策模型及实证分析.中国人口科学，(6)：63-68
朱力.(2001).群体性偏见与歧视——农民工与市民的磨擦性互动.江海学刊，(6)：48-53
朱考金.(2002).城市农民工的心态与观念——以南京市600例样本的频数分布为例.社会，(9)：10-12
朱力.(2002).论农民工的城市适应.江海学刊，(6)：82-88
张春泥,刘林平.(2008).网络的差异性和求职效果——农民工利用关系求职的效果研究.社会学研究(4)：138-162
张雪筠.(2008).“群体性排斥与部分的接纳”——市民与农民工群际关系的实证分析.广西社会科学，(5)：175-178
张新岭.(2008).农民工就业能力及其开发刍议.人口与经济，(2)：23-27；
张涛.(2007).农民工群体内部分层及其影响：以收入分层为视角——武汉市农民工思想道德调查分析报告.青年研究，(6)：30-35
赵哗琴.(2007).农民工：日常生活中的身份建构与空间型构.社会,27(6)：175-188
张世富.(1996).民族心理学.济南：山东教育出版社
周明宝.(2004).城市滞留型青年农民工的文化适应与身份认同.社会，(5)：4-23
郑雪,邱林.(2005).主观幸福感的结构及其与人格特质的关系.应用心理学，11(4)：330-335
张红.(2004).农村共同体向城市社区的转化.社会观察，(5)：7
曾煜.(2010).金融危机下社会保障制度建设中的三种责任.广东社会科学，(2)：155-160
Adler, P. (1975). The transnational experience:An alternative view of culture shock. Journal of Humanistic Psychology,15(4):13-23
Arends, T. J., Fons, J. R., & Vijve, V. D. (2003). Multiculturalism and acculturation:Views of Dutch and Turkish-Dutch. European Journal of Social Psychology,33,249-266
Arends, T. J. (2007).Cultural and gender differences in gender-role beliefs, sharing household task and child-care responsibilities, and well-being among immigrants and majority members in the Netherlands. Sex Roles,57(11/12):813-824
Arends, T. J., Fons, J. R., & Vijve, V. D. (2007). Acculturation attitudes:A comparison of measurement methods. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,57(7):1462-1488
Arends, T. J., Fons, J. R., & Vijve, V. D. (2008). Family relationships among Immigrants and majority members in the Netherlands:The Role of Acculturation. Applied Psychology:An International Review,57(3):466-487
Asendorpf, J. B.,Banse, R., & Mu"cke, D. (2002). Double dissociation between implicit and explicit personality self-concept:the case of shy behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,83:380-393
Asvat, T. (2008). Acculturation and depressive symptoms in Muslim university students: Personal-family acculturation match. International Journal of Psychology,43:114-124
Banse, R., Seise, J., Zerbes, N., & Berlin, H. U. (2001). Implicit attitudes towards homosexuality: reliability, validity, and controllability of the I AT. Experimental Psychology,48:145-160
Bashe, A., Anderson, S. K., Handelsman, M. M., & Klevansky, R. (2007). An acculturation model for ethics training:the ethics autobiography and beyond. Professional Psychology:Research & Practice,38:60-67
Berry, J. W., Kim, U., Power, S., Young, M., & Bujaki, M. (1989). Acculturation attitudes in plural societies, Applied Cross-cultural Psychology,38:185-206
Berry, J. W. (1990).Psychology of acculturation:Understanding individuals moving between cultures. Applied Cross-cultural Psychology:Cross-cultural research and methodology series,14: 232-253
Berry, J.W., Poortinga, Y. H., Segall, M.H., & Dasen, E R. (1992).Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications. New York:Cambridge University Press.
Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology,46:5-34
Berry, J. W., Poortinga, Y. H., Pandey, J., Dasen, E R., Saraswathi, T. S.,Segall, M. H., & Kagitqibasi, C. (Eds.). (1997). Handbook of crosscultural psychology. (2nd ed., Vols.1-3). Needham Heights, MA:Allyn & Bacon.
Berry, J. W. (2003). Conceptual approaches to acculturation:Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research. Washington, DC, US:American Psychological Association
Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation:Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations,29:697-712
Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., & Sam, D. L. (2006). Immigrant youth:Acculturation, identity and adaptation. Applied Psychology:An International Review,55:303-332
Berry, J. W., & Sabatierb, C. (2009). Acculturation, discrimination, and adaptation among second generation immigrant youth in Montreal and Paris. International Journal of Intercultural Relations,34:191-207
Birman, D. (1994). Biculturalism and perceived competence of Latino immigrant adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology,26:335-354
Birman, D., Trickett, E. J., & Buchanan, R. M. (2005). Acculturation, school context, and school outcomes:Adaptation of refugee adolescents from the former Soviet Union. Psychology in the Schools,42:27-38
Birman, D., & Taylor-Ritzler, T. (2007). Acculturation and psychological distress among adolescent immigrants from the former Soviet Union:Exploring the mediating effect of family relationships. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,13:337-346
Birman, D., Trickett, E. J., & Vinokurov, A. (2002). Acculturation and adaptation of soviet Jewish refugee adolescents:Predictors of adjustment across life domains. American Journal of Community Psychology,30:585-606
Bourhis, R. Y., & Dayan, J. (2004). Acculturation orientations towards Israeli Arabs and Jewish immigrants in Israel. International Journal of Psychology,39:118-131
Bowskill, M., Lyons, E., & Coyle, A, (2007). The rhetoric of acculturation:When integration means assimilation. British Journal of Social Psychology,46:793-813
Castillo, L. G., Conoley, C. W., & Brossart, D. F. (2004). Acculturation, white marginalization, and family support as predictors of perceived distress in Mexican American female college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology,51:151-157
Chan, C. K., & Owens, R. G. (2006). Perfectionism and eating disorder symptomatology in Chinese immigrants:Mediating and moderating effects of ethnic identity and acculturation. Psychology & Health,21:49-63
Chia, A. L., & Costigan, C. L. (2006). Understanding the multidimensionality of acculturation among Chinese Canadians. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science,38:311-324
Chimata, R. L., Jason, L. A., Taylor, R. R., & Torres, H. S. (2006). African-Americans and Latinos with chronic fatigue:Examining the role of acculturation status. North American Journal of Psychology,8:547-555
Chung, R. G., Kim, B. K. & Abreu, J. M. (2004). Asian American multidimensional acculturation scale:Development, factor analysis, reliability, and validity. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,70:66-80
Choi, J. B., & Thomas, M. (2009). Predictive factors of acculturation attitudes and social support among Asian immigrants in the USA. International Journal of Social Welfare,18:76-84
Coatsworth, J. D., Molina, M. M., Pantin, H., & Szapocznik, J. (2005). A person-centered and ecological investigation of acculturation strategies in Hispanic immigrant youth. Journal of Community Psychology,33:157-174
Cramer, K. M. (1999). Psychological antecedents to help-seeking behavior:A reanalysis using path modeling structures. Journal of Counseling Psychology,46:381-387
Dinh, K. T., Roosa, M. W., & Jenn-Yun, T. L. (2002). The relationship between acculturation and problem behavior proneness in a Hispanic youth sample:A longitudinal mediation mode. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,30:295-306
Domi'nguez, S., & Isidro, J. I. (2008) Acculturation of host individuals:Immigrants and personal networks. American Journal of Community Psychology,42:309-327
Edwards, L. M., & Lopez, S. J. (2006). Perceived family support, acculturation, and life satisfaction in Mexican American youth:A mixed-methods exploration. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53 (3):279-287
Egloff, B., & Schmukle,, S. C. (2003). Does social desirability moderate the relationship between implicit and explicit anxiety measures? Personality and Individual Differences,35:1697-1706
Elder, Z. Y. (1998). The Life Course and Human Development. In Richard M. Lemer (Ed), Handbook of Child Psychology. New York:Wiley
Flores, L. Y., Ojeda, L., Huang, Y. P., Gee, D., & Lee, S. (2006). The relation of acculturation, problem-solving appraisal, and career decision-making self-efficacy to Mexican American high school students'educational goals. Journal of Counseling Psychology,21:125-133
Eric, J. L. (2002). Acculturation, social support and academic achievement of Mexican and Mexican American high school students:An exploration study. Psychology in the Schools,39:245-257
Fons, J. R., Vijve, V. D., & Phalet, K. (2004). Assessment in multicultural groups:The role of acculturation. Applied Psychology:An International Review,53:215-236
Giang, M. T., & Wittig, M. A. (2006). Implications of adolescents'acculturation strategies for personal and collective self-esteem. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,12: 725-739
Gottlieb, M. C., Handelsman, M. M., & Knapp, S. (2005). Training ethical psychologists:An acculturation model. Professional Psychology:Research and Practice,36:59-65
Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2001). Implicit social cognition:attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review,102:4-27
Greenwald, A. G., & Nosek, B. A. (2001). Health of the implicit association test at age 3. Experimental Psychology,48:85-93
Greenland, K., & Brown, R. (2005). Acculturation and contact in Japanese students studying in the United Kingdom. Journal of Social Psychology,145:373-389
Gungor, D. (2007). The interplay between values, acculturation and adaptation:A study on Turkish-Belgian adolescents. International Journal of Psychology,42:380-392
Hwang, W. C., & Ting, J. Y. (2008). Disaggregating the effects of acculturation and acculturative stress on the mental health of Asian Americans. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology,14:147-154
Kim, D. Y., Sarason, B. R., & Sarason, I. G. (2006). Implicit social cognition and culture explicit and implicit psychological acculturation, and distress of Korean-American young adults. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology,25:1-32
Kim, S. Y., & Chao, R. K. (2009). Heritage language fluency, ethnic identity, and school effort of immigrant Chinese and Mexican adolescents. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,15:7-37
Kosic, A. (2002). Acculturation Attitudes, Need for Cognitive Closure, and Adaptation of Immigrants. The Journal of Social Psychology,142:179-201
Kosic, A. (2004). Acculturation strategies, coping process and acculturative stress. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,45:269-278
Kurman, J., Eshel, Y., & Zehavi, N. (2005). Personal and group acculturation attitudes and adjustment:Russian and Ethiopian immigrants in Israel. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35:956-974
Kwak, K. (2003). Adolescents and their parents:A review of intergenerational family relations for immigrant and non-immigrant families. Human Development,46:5-136
Liao, H. Y, Rounds, J., & Klein, A. G. (2005). A test of Cramer's (1999) help-seeking model and acculturation effects with Asian and Asian American college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology,52:400-411
Lopez, S. R., Garcia, J. R., Ullman, J. B., Kopelowicz, A., Jenkins, J., & Breitborde, N. J. K., et al. (2009). Cultural variability in the manifestation of expressed emotion. Family Process,48: 179-194
Luijters, K., Van de Vijver, D. Z.,& Sabine, O. (2006). Acculturation strategies among ethnic minority workers and the role of intercultural personality. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations,9:561-575
Mallinckrodt, B., Shigeoka, S., & Suzuki, L. A. (2005). Asian and Pacific Island American students' acculturation and etiology beliefs about typical counseling presenting problems. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,11:227-238
Miller, M. J. (2007). A bilinear multidimensional measurement model of Asian American acculturation and enculturation:implications for counseling interventions. Journal of Counseling Psychology,54:118-131
Mori, Y., Inman, A. G., & Caskie, G. I. L. (2009). Supervising international students:Relationship between acculturation, supervisor multicultural competence, cultural discussions, and supervision satisfaction. Training and Education in Professional Psychology,3:10-18
Myers, R. C., Chou, C. P., Sussman, S., Garbanati, B. L., Pacho, H., & Valente, T. W. (2009). Acculturation and substance use:Social influence as a mediator among Hispanic alternative high school youth. Journal of Health and Social Behavior,50:164-179
Oppedal, B., Roysamb, E., & Heyerdahl, S. (2005). Ethnic group, acculturation, and psychiatric problems in young immigrants. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry,46:646-660
Ouarasse和Vijve (2004) Ouarasse, O. A., & Vijve, V. D. (2004). Structure and function of the perceived acculturation context of young Moroccans in the Netherlands. International Journal of Psychology,39:190-204
Park, Y., Vo, L, P., & Tsong, Y. Y. (2009). Family affection as a protective factor against the negative effects of perceived Asian values gap on the parent-child relationship for Asian American male and female college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,15: 18-26
Peeters, T., & Maria, C. W. (2009). The Relationship between acculturation orientations and work-related well-being:Differences between ethnic minority and majority employees. International Journal of Stress Management,16:1-24
Phinney, J. S., Romero, I., Nava, M., & Huang, D. (2001). The Role of了anguage, parents, and peers in ethnic identity among adolescents in immigrant families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,30:135-153
Phinney, J., Chun, K., Organista, P., & Marin, G. (2003). Acculturation:Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research. Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
Ponterotto, J. G., Rao, V., Zweig, J., & Rieger, B. P. (2001). The relationship of acculturation and gender to attitudes toward counseling in Italian and Greek American college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,7:362-375
Rodriguez, N., Mira, C. B., & Myers, H. F. (2007). Exploring the complexities of familism and acculturation:Central constructs for people of Mexican origin. American Journal of Community Psychology,59:61-77
Roesch, S. C., Wee, C., & Vaughn, A. A. (2006). Relations between the big five personality traits and dispositional coping in Korean Americans:acculturation as a moderating factor. International Journal of Psychology,41:85-96
Saba, S., Glarry, L., & Ward, S. (2003). Difference acculturation model with Iranian immigrants in Canada. Applied Psychology:An International Review,52:555-579
Sam, D. L. (2000). Psychological adaptation of adolescents with immigrant backgrounds. Journal of Social Psychology,140,5-25
Schmitt, R., & Silbereisen, R. K. (1999). Determinants of differential acculturation of developmental timetables among adolescent immigrants to Germany. International Journal of Psychology,34: 219-233
Schimmack, U., Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Life-satisfaction is a momentary judgment and a stable personality characteristic:The use of chronically accessible and stable sources. Journal of Personality,70:345-385
Schofield, T. J., Parke, R. D., Kim, Y. & Coltrane, S. (2008). Bridging the acculturation gap: Parent-child relationship quality as a Moderator in Mexican American Families. Developmental Psychology,44:1190-1194
Schwartz, S. J., & Zamboanga, B. L. (2007). Testing Berry's model of acculturation:A confirmatory latent class approach. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,14:275-285
Silbereisen, R. K. (2008). New research on acculturation among diaspora migrant. International Journal of Psychology,43:2-5
Sik, H. N. (2007). From language acculturation to communication acculturation:addressee orientations and communication brokering in conversations. Journal of Language & Social Psychology,26(1):75-90
Silka, L. (2008). Finding community in studies of host community acculturation. American Journal of Community Psychology,42 (3/4):365-367
Stefanidi, M. F., Pavlopoulos, V., & Obradovic, J. (2008). Acculturation and adaptation of immigrant adolescents in Greek urban schools. International Journal of Psychology,43:45-58
Stevens, G. W., Pels, T. V., Vollebergh, A. M., & Crijnen, A. A. (2004). Patterns of psychological acculturation in adult and adolescent Moroccan immigrants living in the Netherlands. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,35:689-704
Titzmann, P. F. (2008). Risk and protective factors for delinquency among male adolescent immigrants at different stages of the acculturation process. International Journal of Psychology, 43:19-31
Tseng, V. (2008). Reconceptualizing acculturation:Ecological processes, historical contexts, and power inequities. American Journal of Community Psychology,42:355-358
Verkuyten, M., & Wolf, A. D. (2002). Ethnic minority identity and group context:Self-descriptions, acculturation attitudes and group evaluations in an intra-and intergroup situation. European Journal of Social Psychology,32:781-806
Wang, C, C., & Mallinckrodt, B. (2006). Acculturation, attachment, and psychosocial adjustment of Chinese/Taiwanese international students. Journal of Counseling Psychology,53:422-433
Ward, C., Landis, D., & Bhagat, R, (1996). Handbook of inter cultural training. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Ward, C. (1999). The measurement of sociocultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations,23:659-677
Zadeh, Z. Y., Geva, E., & Rogers, M. A. (2008). The impact of acculturation on the perception of academic achievement by immigrant mothers and their children. School Psychology International,29:39-70
Zagefka, H., & Brown, R. B. (2007). Predictors and consequences of negative attitudes toward immigrants in Belgium and Turkey:The role of acculturation preferences and economic competition. British Journal of Social Psychology,46:153-169