碳纤维复合材料结构构件的抗弯性能研究
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摘要
近年来，碳纤维由于其具有的轻质高强特性，日益受到结构工程界的高度关注。采用碳纤维制作结构构件，可以实现传统建筑材料无法达到的结构性能，因此，碳纤维复合材料在土木工程的一些特殊领域具有较大的利用价值和广泛的应用前景。但是，目前我国在复合材料结构构件的复合方式、工艺制作和结构性能等方面的研究距离实际应用需要还存在相当大的差距。本文在分析国内外最新研究成果的基础上，提出利用轻质材料为芯材、环氧树脂为基体、单向碳纤维布为增强材料复合而成的新型碳纤维复合材料结构构件。通过对构件在不同纤维铺层方式下的抗弯性能研究，探讨这类结构构件的工艺设计制作方法和抗弯性能，并在试验研究的基础上提出这类构件的抗弯承载力计算方法。本文主要研究成果如下：
1、碳纤维复合材料构件的设计要同时考虑材料、结构和工艺三个方面，复合材料的性能与基材的力学性能、成型过程有关。构件的设计应遵循均衡对称铺设、铺层定向和合理安排铺设顺序的原则。本文探讨了手糊工艺制作构件的基材选择加工方法和工艺过程的控制。
2、通过对28根碳纤维复合材料构件和2根原木构件所进行的抗弯性能试验，得到以下结论：(1)手糊工艺是一种方便实用的复合材料结构构件制作方法，但其最大的弊端在于构件性能的离散性偏大； (2)影响碳纤维复合材料构件抗弯性能的主要参数包括：纵向碳纤维铺设层数、环向抗剪纤维用量、结合面粘结性能以及基材性能等。(3)碳纤维复合材料构件有多种破坏形态，但是都属于脆性破坏。
3、碳纤维复合层与芯材之间有粘结和无粘结的两种构件在受力机理、破坏形态和计算方法上均有所不同，本文针对不同设计参数下的这两类构件分别进行了试验结果分析和极限承载力公式的推导。
The technological revolution in materials and processes has had a significant impact in almost all sectors of the manufacturing industry. However, the construction industry has proceeded with only limited innovation due to the disproportionately low research investment in comparison to construction technique and expenditure. A number of advanced materials with great have recently started to make inroads into the construction market. Carbon fiber composites, with greatly improved corrosion resistance and durability, low weight and high strength, ease of transportation, non-magnetic properties and lower energy consumption during manufacture, are about to become an important part of the engineer's response to the construction challenges of the new century. The introduction of carbon fiber composites, more appropriately referred to as Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) into civil engineering creates the opportunity for a new and innovative approach to structures, especially some special framework.
This paper presents research findings of an ongoing project into the experimental study on structural behavior of carbon fiber composite component. The concept combines the compression capability of core materials with the high strength＆low weight characteristics of carbon fiber composites. The basic concept discussed in this paper is presented together with a range of static flexural test results of small and full-scale component experiments.
The experimental results of this paper have demonstrated some conclusions as below:
(1) Carbon fiber composites and timber can be combined in a very efficient way to produce a new type of composite component that outperforms traditional components in a number of areas. The advantages of the new conceptual component include high load carrying capacity, excellent fatigue behavior, outstanding durability and low weight.
(2) The behavior of this type of component is affected by several parameters, including the performance of composing materials, interface character, the fabric technics and control of the fabric process.
(3) The failure behavior of this new type of component is brittle and provides few
redundancy and warning of failure, which is one of its disadvantages.
On the base of all these experimental results, this paper also presents the analysis to the distribution of stress and strain, failure mechanism and so on. Moreover, this paper derives the simple formula of the ultimate flexural loading of this type of component. The calculated results of the each type of different components are agreed with the experimental results corresponding to their own failure conformation. On the condition, this paper put forward some proposal about the design and fabricating technique.
This paper is a part of the project of the study on structural behavior of fiber composites. I wish this paper could give the scientific researcher some benefit.
1、碳纤维复合材料构件的设计要同时考虑材料、结构和工艺三个方面，复合材料的性能与基材的力学性能、成型过程有关。构件的设计应遵循均衡对称铺设、铺层定向和合理安排铺设顺序的原则。本文探讨了手糊工艺制作构件的基材选择加工方法和工艺过程的控制。
2、通过对28根碳纤维复合材料构件和2根原木构件所进行的抗弯性能试验，得到以下结论：(1)手糊工艺是一种方便实用的复合材料结构构件制作方法，但其最大的弊端在于构件性能的离散性偏大； (2)影响碳纤维复合材料构件抗弯性能的主要参数包括：纵向碳纤维铺设层数、环向抗剪纤维用量、结合面粘结性能以及基材性能等。(3)碳纤维复合材料构件有多种破坏形态，但是都属于脆性破坏。
3、碳纤维复合层与芯材之间有粘结和无粘结的两种构件在受力机理、破坏形态和计算方法上均有所不同，本文针对不同设计参数下的这两类构件分别进行了试验结果分析和极限承载力公式的推导。
The technological revolution in materials and processes has had a significant impact in almost all sectors of the manufacturing industry. However, the construction industry has proceeded with only limited innovation due to the disproportionately low research investment in comparison to construction technique and expenditure. A number of advanced materials with great have recently started to make inroads into the construction market. Carbon fiber composites, with greatly improved corrosion resistance and durability, low weight and high strength, ease of transportation, non-magnetic properties and lower energy consumption during manufacture, are about to become an important part of the engineer's response to the construction challenges of the new century. The introduction of carbon fiber composites, more appropriately referred to as Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) into civil engineering creates the opportunity for a new and innovative approach to structures, especially some special framework.
This paper presents research findings of an ongoing project into the experimental study on structural behavior of carbon fiber composite component. The concept combines the compression capability of core materials with the high strength＆low weight characteristics of carbon fiber composites. The basic concept discussed in this paper is presented together with a range of static flexural test results of small and full-scale component experiments.
The experimental results of this paper have demonstrated some conclusions as below:
(1) Carbon fiber composites and timber can be combined in a very efficient way to produce a new type of composite component that outperforms traditional components in a number of areas. The advantages of the new conceptual component include high load carrying capacity, excellent fatigue behavior, outstanding durability and low weight.
(2) The behavior of this type of component is affected by several parameters, including the performance of composing materials, interface character, the fabric technics and control of the fabric process.
(3) The failure behavior of this new type of component is brittle and provides few
redundancy and warning of failure, which is one of its disadvantages.
On the base of all these experimental results, this paper also presents the analysis to the distribution of stress and strain, failure mechanism and so on. Moreover, this paper derives the simple formula of the ultimate flexural loading of this type of component. The calculated results of the each type of different components are agreed with the experimental results corresponding to their own failure conformation. On the condition, this paper put forward some proposal about the design and fabricating technique.
This paper is a part of the project of the study on structural behavior of fiber composites. I wish this paper could give the scientific researcher some benefit.
引文
1、 师昌绪等，材料科学技术百科全书，北京，中国大百科全书出版社，1995
2、 沃丁柱等．复合材料大全，北京，化学工业出版社，2000
3、 贺福，王茂章．碳纤维及其复合材料，北京，科学出版社，1995
4、 日本东丽公司研究中心．九十年代高级复合材料的新进展，中国“新型碳材料"编辑部译，1999
5、 王茂章，贺福．碳纤维的制造、性质和应用，北京，科学出版社，1984
6、 福田 博．复合材料力学的弹性学与材料力学基础理论，纤维复合材料（转载），2000，Vol.51 No.2
7、 姜天华．碳纤维复合材料在土木建筑中的应用前景，武汉交通管理干部学院学报，Mar.2001,Vol.3,No.1
8、 冯广占，汤国栋，龚志钰．玻璃钢/复合材料桥梁的探讨和发展前景，“中国复合材料学会发展战略研讨会论文集”，1990
9、 姜天华．碳纤维复合材料在土木建筑中的应用前景，武汉交通管理干部学院
学报，Mar.2001,Vol.3,No.1
10、岳清瑞．碳纤维材料加固修补混凝土结构新技术，“全国建筑物鉴定与加固第四届学术交流会”，1998
11、刘雄亚．复合材料工艺与设备，武汉，武汉工业大学出版社，1994
12、赵玉庭，姚希曾．复合材料聚合物基体，武汉，武汉工业大学出版社，1992
13、尤·姆·塔诺波尔斯基等．张国梁 译．复合材料静载性能试验方法，北京，航空工业出版社，1988
14、R·G·威瑟海德 著．王顺亭，汪勤学，周师 译．纤维增强塑料工艺，武汉，武汉工业大学出版社，1989
15、周履，王震鸣，范赋群．复合材料及其结构的力学进展（第一册），广州，华南理工大学出版社，1991
16、天津大学，同济大学等．混凝土结构(上册)，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1996
17、Sih G C．Failure Mechanics of Composites．Elsevier Science Publisher，B.V,1985
18、Wu S Q, Wang H Z．at al, Composite Sci．＆Tech．, 1996
19、Li Shien ect．Fiber Cement and Fiber Concrete．Guangzhou, Guangdong Scientific Technique, 1997
20、Huang Yiun-Yuan, Wu Keru, Chen Zhiyuan“Polymer in Concrete-Proceedings of the 6th, International al Congress”， Internationals Academic Publishers, China, 1990
21、Shiratori, E．，Ikegamn K．，Visco elastic behavior a unidirectional fiber reinforced plastics, J． Material and Science, Vol.22, No.2, 1991
22、Fred C．Mc Cormick, Final Report Fatigue Study of A GFRP Perdestrian Bridge, 1996
23、F．J．H．Tutt, Carbon Fiber Reinforcement of Experimental Military Bridge Structures, FR Materials, 1977
24、Deskvic, N．,Triantafillou T and Meier U, Innovative Design of FRP Combined with Concrete, Short-Term Behavior, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.121, No.7, 1995
25、Canning L, Hollaway, L and Thorn, A M, Manufacture, testing and numerical analysis of an innovative polymer/concrete structural unit, Proc．Inst．Civ Engrs, Structures and Bridges, Vol.134, 1999
26、Henshow J．M．and Weijian H．J．Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Vol.9, 1996
27、Schiebisch J．, Schubert T．, Ehrenstein G．W．Progress of Advanced Materials and Machanics．Peking University Press, Beijing, 1996
28、Mark H．F．Encyclopedia of Chemistry of Polymer Science ＆Technology．, Vol.10, New York, John Willey ＆ Sons．Inc．1969
29、植村益次牧广 ．高性能复合材料最新技术，贾丽霞，白纯岳 译，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1989
30、USR Meier．Future Use of Advanced Composites in Bridge Construction Engineering, ImechE, 1986
31、Andy Green．Building Construction Materials, Advanced Thermoset Composites, 1986
32、Fred C．McCormick．Advancing Structural Plastics into future, Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering, Vol.114, No.3, 1989
33、Garg．S．K．V Svalbones．And G．A．Gurtman．, Analysis of Structural Composite Materials, New York, Marcel Deker．Inc．1973
34、George Lubin．Handbook of Composites, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1982
35、K．H．Tan ect．, Behavior of Preloaded Reinforced Concrete Beams with Carbon Fiber Shets, Fourth International Symposium on Fiber Reinforcement for Reinforced Concrete Structures, Selected presentations proceedings, 1999
36、靳武刚．碳纤维复合材料胶结工艺研究，航天工艺学报，Vol.3, 2001
37、郭震，赵稼祥．碳/碳复合材料的研究与进展，国防科工委军用新材料发展战略研讨会文集，1995
38、周履，范斌群．复合材料力学，上海，上海交通大学出版社，1991
39、王震鸣．复合材料力学和复合材料结构力学，北京，机械工业出版社，1991
40、陈绍杰，高树理，宋焕成，李顺林等．复合材料设计手册，北京，航空工业出版社，1990
41、刘雄亚，王云凯．复合材料建筑工程结构，武汉工业大学出版社，1987
42、曾汉民，高技术新材料要览，北京，中国科学技术出版社，1993
41、天津合成材料工业研究所．环氧树脂与环氧化合物，天津，天津人民出版社，1974
43、天津大学等．混凝土结构，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1998
44、国家建材局上海玻璃钢研究所．玻璃钢手糊成型工艺，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1984
45、严斌，汤国栋，汪国华．复合材料在桥梁结构中的应用，“中国复合材料学会第七届学术全会论文集”，1992
46、孙训方，方孝淑，关来泰．材料力学，北京，高等教育出版社，1994
47、符芳．建筑材料，南京，东南大学出版社，1995
48、古天纯．木结构设计手册，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1993
49、哈尔滨建筑工程大学等．木结构，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1981
50、蔡四维．纤维复合材料的横向应力集中，固体力学学报，1982
51、姚振纲，刘祖华．建筑结构试验，同济大学出版社，1996.9
52、Prichard G．Development in Reinforced Plastics, Resin Matrix Aspects, London, Applied Science Publishers Ltd, 1980
2、 沃丁柱等．复合材料大全，北京，化学工业出版社，2000
3、 贺福，王茂章．碳纤维及其复合材料，北京，科学出版社，1995
4、 日本东丽公司研究中心．九十年代高级复合材料的新进展，中国“新型碳材料"编辑部译，1999
5、 王茂章，贺福．碳纤维的制造、性质和应用，北京，科学出版社，1984
6、 福田 博．复合材料力学的弹性学与材料力学基础理论，纤维复合材料（转载），2000，Vol.51 No.2
7、 姜天华．碳纤维复合材料在土木建筑中的应用前景，武汉交通管理干部学院学报，Mar.2001,Vol.3,No.1
8、 冯广占，汤国栋，龚志钰．玻璃钢/复合材料桥梁的探讨和发展前景，“中国复合材料学会发展战略研讨会论文集”，1990
9、 姜天华．碳纤维复合材料在土木建筑中的应用前景，武汉交通管理干部学院
学报，Mar.2001,Vol.3,No.1
10、岳清瑞．碳纤维材料加固修补混凝土结构新技术，“全国建筑物鉴定与加固第四届学术交流会”，1998
11、刘雄亚．复合材料工艺与设备，武汉，武汉工业大学出版社，1994
12、赵玉庭，姚希曾．复合材料聚合物基体，武汉，武汉工业大学出版社，1992
13、尤·姆·塔诺波尔斯基等．张国梁 译．复合材料静载性能试验方法，北京，航空工业出版社，1988
14、R·G·威瑟海德 著．王顺亭，汪勤学，周师 译．纤维增强塑料工艺，武汉，武汉工业大学出版社，1989
15、周履，王震鸣，范赋群．复合材料及其结构的力学进展（第一册），广州，华南理工大学出版社，1991
16、天津大学，同济大学等．混凝土结构(上册)，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1996
17、Sih G C．Failure Mechanics of Composites．Elsevier Science Publisher，B.V,1985
18、Wu S Q, Wang H Z．at al, Composite Sci．＆Tech．, 1996
19、Li Shien ect．Fiber Cement and Fiber Concrete．Guangzhou, Guangdong Scientific Technique, 1997
20、Huang Yiun-Yuan, Wu Keru, Chen Zhiyuan“Polymer in Concrete-Proceedings of the 6th, International al Congress”， Internationals Academic Publishers, China, 1990
21、Shiratori, E．，Ikegamn K．，Visco elastic behavior a unidirectional fiber reinforced plastics, J． Material and Science, Vol.22, No.2, 1991
22、Fred C．Mc Cormick, Final Report Fatigue Study of A GFRP Perdestrian Bridge, 1996
23、F．J．H．Tutt, Carbon Fiber Reinforcement of Experimental Military Bridge Structures, FR Materials, 1977
24、Deskvic, N．,Triantafillou T and Meier U, Innovative Design of FRP Combined with Concrete, Short-Term Behavior, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.121, No.7, 1995
25、Canning L, Hollaway, L and Thorn, A M, Manufacture, testing and numerical analysis of an innovative polymer/concrete structural unit, Proc．Inst．Civ Engrs, Structures and Bridges, Vol.134, 1999
26、Henshow J．M．and Weijian H．J．Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Vol.9, 1996
27、Schiebisch J．, Schubert T．, Ehrenstein G．W．Progress of Advanced Materials and Machanics．Peking University Press, Beijing, 1996
28、Mark H．F．Encyclopedia of Chemistry of Polymer Science ＆Technology．, Vol.10, New York, John Willey ＆ Sons．Inc．1969
29、植村益次牧广 ．高性能复合材料最新技术，贾丽霞，白纯岳 译，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1989
30、USR Meier．Future Use of Advanced Composites in Bridge Construction Engineering, ImechE, 1986
31、Andy Green．Building Construction Materials, Advanced Thermoset Composites, 1986
32、Fred C．McCormick．Advancing Structural Plastics into future, Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering, Vol.114, No.3, 1989
33、Garg．S．K．V Svalbones．And G．A．Gurtman．, Analysis of Structural Composite Materials, New York, Marcel Deker．Inc．1973
34、George Lubin．Handbook of Composites, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1982
35、K．H．Tan ect．, Behavior of Preloaded Reinforced Concrete Beams with Carbon Fiber Shets, Fourth International Symposium on Fiber Reinforcement for Reinforced Concrete Structures, Selected presentations proceedings, 1999
36、靳武刚．碳纤维复合材料胶结工艺研究，航天工艺学报，Vol.3, 2001
37、郭震，赵稼祥．碳/碳复合材料的研究与进展，国防科工委军用新材料发展战略研讨会文集，1995
38、周履，范斌群．复合材料力学，上海，上海交通大学出版社，1991
39、王震鸣．复合材料力学和复合材料结构力学，北京，机械工业出版社，1991
40、陈绍杰，高树理，宋焕成，李顺林等．复合材料设计手册，北京，航空工业出版社，1990
41、刘雄亚，王云凯．复合材料建筑工程结构，武汉工业大学出版社，1987
42、曾汉民，高技术新材料要览，北京，中国科学技术出版社，1993
41、天津合成材料工业研究所．环氧树脂与环氧化合物，天津，天津人民出版社，1974
43、天津大学等．混凝土结构，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1998
44、国家建材局上海玻璃钢研究所．玻璃钢手糊成型工艺，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1984
45、严斌，汤国栋，汪国华．复合材料在桥梁结构中的应用，“中国复合材料学会第七届学术全会论文集”，1992
46、孙训方，方孝淑，关来泰．材料力学，北京，高等教育出版社，1994
47、符芳．建筑材料，南京，东南大学出版社，1995
48、古天纯．木结构设计手册，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1993
49、哈尔滨建筑工程大学等．木结构，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1981
50、蔡四维．纤维复合材料的横向应力集中，固体力学学报，1982
51、姚振纲，刘祖华．建筑结构试验，同济大学出版社，1996.9
52、Prichard G．Development in Reinforced Plastics, Resin Matrix Aspects, London, Applied Science Publishers Ltd, 1980