棉花育种目标参与式制定研究
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摘要
品种是第一生产力，优良品种是提高产量、增加效益的最有效的捷径。本文在于应用参与式理论对两个不同生产水平棉区的农民参与棉花育种目标制定的认知程度研究，采用个体访谈、问卷调查，小组座谈等方式收集有关资料，并进行定性、定量分析。得到农民对育种目标参与式制定的认知程度受农民文化水平、年龄、种植面积、生产水平、年收入水平等因素的影响；通过引导、启发农民能显著提高农民参与棉花育种目标制定的认知程度；农民主动参与棉花育种目标的制定，将会使棉花育种目标更加切合实际，更加满足农民的需求，新品种一旦育成，将会得到迅速推广，发挥出成果的最大经济效益；国家政策、市场因素、推广服务体系都对售棉价格和种植成本产生直接影响，影响农民植棉的效益，影响农民的植棉积极性，影响种植面积，面积多少又影响到收购价格，形成一个规律，即价格——效益——积极性——面积——价格的循环；而农民参与棉花育种目标的制定则遵循价格——效益——积极性——参与程度这个规律。
对农民参与育种目标制定只能采用启发式、引导式，培养农民的兴趣，增加对参与式制定育种目标的自觉性；建议农业行政主管部门制定政策时要从围绕增加农民收入出发，要稳定基层农业推广服务队伍，为农民提供可靠的新品种、新技术，为促进农民增收、增效作出努力。
The thesis topic is research on participatory formulation of cotton breeding goals. Graduate student is PanQunBi whose instruct teacher is Professor YeJinZhong, specialty direction is agriculture project (plant), study direction is developing for regional countryside, belonging of humanity and developing institute, applying for the professional master's degree of agricultural extension in June of 2004.
The variety is the first productivity, the improved seeds are the most effective shortcut that raise the output, increase benefit. This text lie in use person who participate in theory participate in cotton breeding cognitive degree that goal make study to two different level of production cotton peasant of district, adopting individual interview, questionnaire investigation, the group has an informal discussion, etc. the way collects relevant materials, and determine the nature, quantitative analysis. Receive between peasant and breeding goal person who participate in cognitive degree that make receive peasant educational level, age, cultivated area, level of production, annual income level influence of factor; Through leading, inspire peasants to improve the cognitive degree that peasants participate in the breeding goal of the cotton and make notably; Peasants participate in the formulation of the breeding goal of the cotton voluntarily, will make the breeding goal of the cotton geared to actual circumsta
nces further, meet peasant's demands further, once new variety is bred, be popularized rapidly , give play to the greatest economic benefits of the achievement; State policies, market factor, popularizing service system to selling the cotton price and planting the cost to emerge on direct influence, influence peasants to plant the cotton benefit, influence peasants' enthusiasm for planting cotton, influence cultivated area, how much influences the purchasing price again for the area, form a law, namely Circulation of price -Benefit -Enthusiasm -Area - price; The formulation that peasants participated in the breeding goal of the cotton follows prices -Benefit - -Enthusiasm -Participate in this law of the degree.
Participate in breeding goal can only adopt the heuristic, leading type to peasant to make, train peasants' interest, increase to the participating in type consciousness of making the goal of breedings; Proposing the administrative responsible institution of agriculture should be from setting out around increasing peasant's income while making the policy, want the steady service team of agricultural extension at the basic level, offer the reliable new variety, new technology to peasant, in order to promote increasing peasant income, enlarge to make an effort.
对农民参与育种目标制定只能采用启发式、引导式，培养农民的兴趣，增加对参与式制定育种目标的自觉性；建议农业行政主管部门制定政策时要从围绕增加农民收入出发，要稳定基层农业推广服务队伍，为农民提供可靠的新品种、新技术，为促进农民增收、增效作出努力。
The thesis topic is research on participatory formulation of cotton breeding goals. Graduate student is PanQunBi whose instruct teacher is Professor YeJinZhong, specialty direction is agriculture project (plant), study direction is developing for regional countryside, belonging of humanity and developing institute, applying for the professional master's degree of agricultural extension in June of 2004.
The variety is the first productivity, the improved seeds are the most effective shortcut that raise the output, increase benefit. This text lie in use person who participate in theory participate in cotton breeding cognitive degree that goal make study to two different level of production cotton peasant of district, adopting individual interview, questionnaire investigation, the group has an informal discussion, etc. the way collects relevant materials, and determine the nature, quantitative analysis. Receive between peasant and breeding goal person who participate in cognitive degree that make receive peasant educational level, age, cultivated area, level of production, annual income level influence of factor; Through leading, inspire peasants to improve the cognitive degree that peasants participate in the breeding goal of the cotton and make notably; Peasants participate in the formulation of the breeding goal of the cotton voluntarily, will make the breeding goal of the cotton geared to actual circumsta
nces further, meet peasant's demands further, once new variety is bred, be popularized rapidly , give play to the greatest economic benefits of the achievement; State policies, market factor, popularizing service system to selling the cotton price and planting the cost to emerge on direct influence, influence peasants to plant the cotton benefit, influence peasants' enthusiasm for planting cotton, influence cultivated area, how much influences the purchasing price again for the area, form a law, namely Circulation of price -Benefit -Enthusiasm -Area - price; The formulation that peasants participated in the breeding goal of the cotton follows prices -Benefit - -Enthusiasm -Participate in this law of the degree.
Participate in breeding goal can only adopt the heuristic, leading type to peasant to make, train peasants' interest, increase to the participating in type consciousness of making the goal of breedings; Proposing the administrative responsible institution of agriculture should be from setting out around increasing peasant's income while making the policy, want the steady service team of agricultural extension at the basic level, offer the reliable new variety, new technology to peasant, in order to promote increasing peasant income, enlarge to make an effort.
引文
[1]树迅．棉花品种改良．中国种业，2002，(11)：1-3
[2]潘群斌，周步海，蔡立旺，等．抗枯萎病棉花新品种——苏棉15号．江苏农业科学，1999，(4)：35-36
[3]潘群斌，蔡立旺．优质高产抗病棉花新品种——苏棉22号．江苏农业科学，2002，(2)：36-37
[4]叶敬忠，汪力斌，李鸥，等．农村发展研究(下)．北京：中国农业大学出版社，2002，81-82
[5]叶敬忠，林志斌．农民、农村与科学技术——认识与现实的冲突．科技导报，2000(10)：6-10
[6]李小云．参与式发展概论．北京：中国农业大学出版社，2001，94-96
[7]李小云．KAP研究法在农业技术采用研究与推广实践中的运用．农业技术经济，2001，(3)：17-19
[8]叶敬忠主编．参与、组织、发展．北京：中国农业大学出版社，2001，31-42
[9]潘群斌，蔡立旺，棉花新品种——苏棉22号，江苏农业学报，2003，19(1)：17
[10]蔡立旺，潘群斌，顾闽峰，等。大麦后地膜直播棉花苏棉22号的适宜密度及生育特性，江苏农业科学，2004，(1)：6
[11]潘群斌，蔡立旺，陈建平，等．苏棉15号大麦后地膜栽培技术研究，中国棉花，2001，28(1)：13-14
[12]蔡立旺，潘群斌，密度、施氮量和化控对苏棉22号产量的影响，江苏农业科学，2002(5)：
[13]潘群斌，蔡立旺，苏棉22号的选育及栽培技术研究，中国棉花，2002，29(11)：30～31
[14]潘群斌，蔡立旺，棉花新品种——苏棉22号，江苏农业学报，2003，19(1)：17
[15]蔡立旺，潘群斌，顾闽峰，等。大麦后地膜直播棉花苏棉22号的适宜密度及生育特性，江苏农业科学，2004，(1)：
[16]杨华，潘群斌，蔡立旺，等。抗病棉在抗虫棉花育种中的地位与作用，江西棉花，2004，26(1)：14～15
[2]潘群斌，周步海，蔡立旺，等．抗枯萎病棉花新品种——苏棉15号．江苏农业科学，1999，(4)：35-36
[3]潘群斌，蔡立旺．优质高产抗病棉花新品种——苏棉22号．江苏农业科学，2002，(2)：36-37
[4]叶敬忠，汪力斌，李鸥，等．农村发展研究(下)．北京：中国农业大学出版社，2002，81-82
[5]叶敬忠，林志斌．农民、农村与科学技术——认识与现实的冲突．科技导报，2000(10)：6-10
[6]李小云．参与式发展概论．北京：中国农业大学出版社，2001，94-96
[7]李小云．KAP研究法在农业技术采用研究与推广实践中的运用．农业技术经济，2001，(3)：17-19
[8]叶敬忠主编．参与、组织、发展．北京：中国农业大学出版社，2001，31-42
[9]潘群斌，蔡立旺，棉花新品种——苏棉22号，江苏农业学报，2003，19(1)：17
[10]蔡立旺，潘群斌，顾闽峰，等。大麦后地膜直播棉花苏棉22号的适宜密度及生育特性，江苏农业科学，2004，(1)：6
[11]潘群斌，蔡立旺，陈建平，等．苏棉15号大麦后地膜栽培技术研究，中国棉花，2001，28(1)：13-14
[12]蔡立旺，潘群斌，密度、施氮量和化控对苏棉22号产量的影响，江苏农业科学，2002(5)：
[13]潘群斌，蔡立旺，苏棉22号的选育及栽培技术研究，中国棉花，2002，29(11)：30～31
[14]潘群斌，蔡立旺，棉花新品种——苏棉22号，江苏农业学报，2003，19(1)：17
[15]蔡立旺，潘群斌，顾闽峰，等。大麦后地膜直播棉花苏棉22号的适宜密度及生育特性，江苏农业科学，2004，(1)：
[16]杨华，潘群斌，蔡立旺，等。抗病棉在抗虫棉花育种中的地位与作用，江西棉花，2004，26(1)：14～15