开采扰动对露天煤矿边坡稳定性影响机理
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摘要
论文综合应用露天采矿学、地质统计学、矿山岩体力学、数值模拟和现场试验等方法,以露天煤矿排土场容量动态变化及井工开采对采场边坡安全影响为研究目标,全面研究了开采扰动对露天煤矿边坡稳定性影响。基于地质统计学原理,将岩体物理力学参数看作区域化变量,建立岩体物理力学性质的区域化模型,通过岩体力学性质实验,分析了排土场基底及排弃物的力学指标,建立了岩体物理力学性质的半变异函数模型,得出了其时空分布规律;根据倾斜矿体露天煤矿的特点,建立了排土场稳定性数值模拟模型,揭示了随开采高度动态变化下采场边坡稳定性的变化规律;基于露天煤矿排土场设置规律,创建了排土场容量和边坡稳定性的耦合模型,揭示了在排土容量动态变化下排土场稳定性变化规律,得出了在不同外部荷载条件下岩层移动规律;针对外排土场对采场边坡稳定性的影响,建立了外排土场和采场的力学耦合模型,分析了外排土场和采场形成的应力场相互叠加后的应力分布情况及其对采场边坡稳定性的影响;依据露天煤矿排土场的形成与露天采剥的动态耦合关系,分析了排土场不同容量、开采参数以及开采程序下堆载应力的变化,研究并创建了有利于排土场边坡稳定的堆载应力释放的开采参数、排土程序优化方法;根据实际情况预测了稀释物料可能出现的滑坡类型,探讨了排土机的工作方式及作业参数;通过对露井联采下采动边坡影响因素的分析,建立了采动边坡梁模型,根据梁的受力状态,分析了梁的变形情况,确定了产生拱的范围;依据顶板破断后形成的沉陷范围,建立了露井联采下边坡稳定系数和最安全采深的数学模型,揭示了其变形的力学机理,通过FLAC3D的数值模拟,分析了最安全采深、上覆岩层位移规律及边坡保护煤柱宽度对岩层沉降范围的影响;为保证边坡安全和露天煤矿的生产,建立了边坡位移实时监测系统。通过小龙潭露天煤矿和安家岭露天煤矿的实例研究与应用,验证了研究内容、方法和结果的正确性和有效性,为实现开采扰动下露天煤矿边坡稳定分析和设计提供了科学依据,丰富和发展了露天开采理论和方法。
Aiming at the effect on slope safety of surface coal mine brought from dynamic changes of dump capacity and underground mining, this paper applies surface mining technology, geostatistics, mine rock mechanics, numerical simulation and field tests, and studies the effect originated from mining disturbance comprehensively. Based on geostatistics theory, physical and mechanical parameters of rock mass are taken as regionalized variables, and the regionalized model of physical and mechanical properties is established. Through the rock mechanics experiments, mechanical indexes of dump floor and waste material are analyzed, and semi-variant function model of physical and mechanical properties of rock mass is established. Then the spatial and temporal distribution is educed. According to the characteristic of surface coal mine with inclined orebody, the stability numerical simulation model of dump is established, then the stability changing rule of open pit stope with dynamic diversification of mining height is educed. Based on the setting rule of surface mine dump, the coupling model of dump capacity and slope stability is established, then the changing rule of dump stability with dynamic capacit diversification is revealed, so is strata displacement rule with defferent external load. Aiming at the effect of external dump on surface mine stope slope, the coupling mechanics model of external and stope is established. After analyzed the stress distribution of stress field superposition formed by external dump and surface mine stope, the effect of it on stope slope is studied. According to the dynamic coupling relationship between the formation of surface coal mine dump and surface mining and stripping, the loading stress diversification with different dump capacity, mining parameters and mining program is analyzed. Then the optimization method of mining parameters and dumping program beneficial to releasing the loading stress of dump slope stability. According to the actual situation, the sliding style possibly occurring in diluted materials is forecasted, and the working modes and operation parameters of dumper are studied. According to the analysis of the mined slope affected by open-pit and underground mining, girder model of mined slope is built. Based on the stress state of the girder, the distortion is analyzed and the range of arch grown out of girder distortion is obtained. By analyzing the sinking range originated from broken roof strata, the mathematical models of stability coefficient of slope under open-underground mining and the most safety mining depth are established, then the mechanical mechanism of deformation is educed. Though numerical simulation of FLAC3D, the displacement rule of overlying strata and the influence originated from the width of coal pillar protecting slope on strata subsiding range are studied. Then the slope displacement monitoring system is established to protect the slope and surface coal mine production. The case studies of Xiaolongtan and Heidaigou Surface Coal Mines are carried out to improve the effectiveness and correctness of the thesis’research contents, methods and conclusions which will be significant to enriching and developing the theory and method for surface mining.
Aiming at the effect on slope safety of surface coal mine brought from dynamic changes of dump capacity and underground mining, this paper applies surface mining technology, geostatistics, mine rock mechanics, numerical simulation and field tests, and studies the effect originated from mining disturbance comprehensively. Based on geostatistics theory, physical and mechanical parameters of rock mass are taken as regionalized variables, and the regionalized model of physical and mechanical properties is established. Through the rock mechanics experiments, mechanical indexes of dump floor and waste material are analyzed, and semi-variant function model of physical and mechanical properties of rock mass is established. Then the spatial and temporal distribution is educed. According to the characteristic of surface coal mine with inclined orebody, the stability numerical simulation model of dump is established, then the stability changing rule of open pit stope with dynamic diversification of mining height is educed. Based on the setting rule of surface mine dump, the coupling model of dump capacity and slope stability is established, then the changing rule of dump stability with dynamic capacit diversification is revealed, so is strata displacement rule with defferent external load. Aiming at the effect of external dump on surface mine stope slope, the coupling mechanics model of external and stope is established. After analyzed the stress distribution of stress field superposition formed by external dump and surface mine stope, the effect of it on stope slope is studied. According to the dynamic coupling relationship between the formation of surface coal mine dump and surface mining and stripping, the loading stress diversification with different dump capacity, mining parameters and mining program is analyzed. Then the optimization method of mining parameters and dumping program beneficial to releasing the loading stress of dump slope stability. According to the actual situation, the sliding style possibly occurring in diluted materials is forecasted, and the working modes and operation parameters of dumper are studied. According to the analysis of the mined slope affected by open-pit and underground mining, girder model of mined slope is built. Based on the stress state of the girder, the distortion is analyzed and the range of arch grown out of girder distortion is obtained. By analyzing the sinking range originated from broken roof strata, the mathematical models of stability coefficient of slope under open-underground mining and the most safety mining depth are established, then the mechanical mechanism of deformation is educed. Though numerical simulation of FLAC3D, the displacement rule of overlying strata and the influence originated from the width of coal pillar protecting slope on strata subsiding range are studied. Then the slope displacement monitoring system is established to protect the slope and surface coal mine production. The case studies of Xiaolongtan and Heidaigou Surface Coal Mines are carried out to improve the effectiveness and correctness of the thesis’research contents, methods and conclusions which will be significant to enriching and developing the theory and method for surface mining.
引文
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