低空无线电引信关键技术研究
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摘要
引信是武器弹药最重要的组成部分之一,其作用是控制弹药的最佳起爆位置或时机。引信性能的好坏直接影响着武器弹药的终端毁伤效果。与常规引信不同,低空无线电引信以地面为作用目标,因此必需对引信的目标特性进行研究,寻找适合在低空无线电引信中应用的测距算法,为引信的型号研制工作提供理论基础和技术支持。
基于以上原因,论文在国防科技大学创新基金的资助下,以低空无线电引信为研究目标,对引信的目标特性、信道和回波模型、测距算法以及数字仿真系统设计等关键技术进行了研究。论文的主要研究工作概括如下:
1.对引信的目标特性进行了研究。分析了电磁波与地物之间的相互作用,以及目标散射特性对引信回波信号的影响。给出了面目标后向散射系数的概念和定义,并对影响后向散射系数的几个关键因素进行了研究。分析比较了几种常用的后向散射系数经验统计模型及其各自的适用范围,给出了引信目标特性的测试原理和方法。
2.对引信回波信号特性进行了研究。分析了不同条件下回波信号幅度起伏的统计特性,推导了等多普勒曲线方程、等距离曲线方程、电磁波束照射区域的边界方程以及引信回波功率波形。利用距离-多普勒单元法分析了回波信号的功率谱分布特性,并对理论分析结果进行了仿真验证。
3.对引信的信道特性进行了研究。指出低空无线电引信信道是双展宽的时变信道,即引信接收到的地面回波是会同时产生距离扩展和频率扩展的双扩展信号。给出了引信信道动态特性和特征参数的定义,研究了不同扩展类型的目标回波模型,并在此基础上得到了引信回波的理论表达式。
4.提出了相对炸高的概念,对其在引信中应用的可行性进行了研究,在此基础上提出了一种基于过程测量的引信测距算法,对算法的原理以及具体实现进行了详细的论述。考虑到引信测距算法应用场合的特殊性,对其抗干扰性能进行了理论分析和仿真验证,并在此基础上提出了一种基于距离预测的引信抗干扰技术,给出了低空无线电引信一个完整的测距解决方案。
5.遵照引信通用化、系列化、模块化的发展趋势以及软件无线电引信的设计思想,搭建了低空无线电引信数字仿真实验平台。介绍了仿真系统的总体设计、多处理器硬件平台结构、模块化软件设计以及仿真工作流程。提出了一种易于工程实现的回波信号功率谱实时仿真算法及其在平台上的具体实现,并利用零记忆非线性变换法和球不变随机过程法,实现了相参相关引信回波信号的仿真。
Fuze is one of the most important components of modern weapons, which function is to control the optimum detonating position of ammunition. The performance of fuze has great influence on the terminal damage effect. Different from conventional fuze, the object of low altitude radio fuze is earth surface. It is necessary to do the research on target property and find a distance measuring arithmetic which can be applied in low altitude radio fuze.
In these circumstances, supported by NUDT Innovation Foundation, this dissertation selects low altitude radio fuze as research object, and concentrates its attention on the research of key technologies, such as target properties, fuze channel property, echo model, distance measuring arithmetic and digital simulation system design, etc. The main contents and contributions of this dissertation are as follows:
1. The target properties of low altitude radio fuze are discussed at length. The interaction between electromagnetic waves and ground is analyzed. The definition of back scattering coefficient and its influence on echo signals are discussed. After analyzing the influence of several factors on back scattering coefficient, the scattering characteristic measuring method and principle of ground target are given. And some statistical models of back scattering coefficient are compared.
2. The signal features of terrain return are discussed in depth. The probability density function of amplitude-fluctuation under different condition is analyzed. The equal-Doppler equation, the equal-distance equation, and the boundary equation of electromagnetic wave irradiating area are deducted. Based on these deductions, the power waveform of echo signals is derived. In the end, a rang-Doppler terrain return power spectrum density (PSD) computation method is introduced in this paper. This method is validated by computer simulation and the simulation results are analyzed.
3. The characteristic of low altitude radio fuze are discussed in depth. It is concluded that low altitude radio fuze channel is a doubly-spread channel, through which a signal propagates will experience both time delay and frequency spreading. The definition of dynamic characteristics function and characteristic parameter of fuze channel are presented. The echo model from different target and the expression of terrain return equation are proposed.
4. The conception of relative standoff distance is proposed and the feasibility of its application in low altitude radio fuze is analyzed. A distance measuring algorithm based on process measuring is proposed. The algorithm principle and realization are discussed in detail. Considering the peculiar applying situation of distance measuring algorithm, theoretical analysis and simulation validation are made on the anti-jamming performance. A combined distance measuring algorithm based on both process measuring and distance prediction is proposed which gives a integrated solution to low altitude radio fuze distance measurement.
5. According to the development trend of fuze and the design philosophy of software radio fuze, a digital simulating system of low altitude radio fuze has been established. The overall design principle and modular programming method are discussed in detail. A real-time range-doppler power spectrum density computation method is presented. And the simulation of coherent correlated terrain return for general pulse fuze is fulfilled with method of Zero Memory Nonlinearity and Spherically Invariant Random Process.
基于以上原因,论文在国防科技大学创新基金的资助下,以低空无线电引信为研究目标,对引信的目标特性、信道和回波模型、测距算法以及数字仿真系统设计等关键技术进行了研究。论文的主要研究工作概括如下:
1.对引信的目标特性进行了研究。分析了电磁波与地物之间的相互作用,以及目标散射特性对引信回波信号的影响。给出了面目标后向散射系数的概念和定义,并对影响后向散射系数的几个关键因素进行了研究。分析比较了几种常用的后向散射系数经验统计模型及其各自的适用范围,给出了引信目标特性的测试原理和方法。
2.对引信回波信号特性进行了研究。分析了不同条件下回波信号幅度起伏的统计特性,推导了等多普勒曲线方程、等距离曲线方程、电磁波束照射区域的边界方程以及引信回波功率波形。利用距离-多普勒单元法分析了回波信号的功率谱分布特性,并对理论分析结果进行了仿真验证。
3.对引信的信道特性进行了研究。指出低空无线电引信信道是双展宽的时变信道,即引信接收到的地面回波是会同时产生距离扩展和频率扩展的双扩展信号。给出了引信信道动态特性和特征参数的定义,研究了不同扩展类型的目标回波模型,并在此基础上得到了引信回波的理论表达式。
4.提出了相对炸高的概念,对其在引信中应用的可行性进行了研究,在此基础上提出了一种基于过程测量的引信测距算法,对算法的原理以及具体实现进行了详细的论述。考虑到引信测距算法应用场合的特殊性,对其抗干扰性能进行了理论分析和仿真验证,并在此基础上提出了一种基于距离预测的引信抗干扰技术,给出了低空无线电引信一个完整的测距解决方案。
5.遵照引信通用化、系列化、模块化的发展趋势以及软件无线电引信的设计思想,搭建了低空无线电引信数字仿真实验平台。介绍了仿真系统的总体设计、多处理器硬件平台结构、模块化软件设计以及仿真工作流程。提出了一种易于工程实现的回波信号功率谱实时仿真算法及其在平台上的具体实现,并利用零记忆非线性变换法和球不变随机过程法,实现了相参相关引信回波信号的仿真。
Fuze is one of the most important components of modern weapons, which function is to control the optimum detonating position of ammunition. The performance of fuze has great influence on the terminal damage effect. Different from conventional fuze, the object of low altitude radio fuze is earth surface. It is necessary to do the research on target property and find a distance measuring arithmetic which can be applied in low altitude radio fuze.
In these circumstances, supported by NUDT Innovation Foundation, this dissertation selects low altitude radio fuze as research object, and concentrates its attention on the research of key technologies, such as target properties, fuze channel property, echo model, distance measuring arithmetic and digital simulation system design, etc. The main contents and contributions of this dissertation are as follows:
1. The target properties of low altitude radio fuze are discussed at length. The interaction between electromagnetic waves and ground is analyzed. The definition of back scattering coefficient and its influence on echo signals are discussed. After analyzing the influence of several factors on back scattering coefficient, the scattering characteristic measuring method and principle of ground target are given. And some statistical models of back scattering coefficient are compared.
2. The signal features of terrain return are discussed in depth. The probability density function of amplitude-fluctuation under different condition is analyzed. The equal-Doppler equation, the equal-distance equation, and the boundary equation of electromagnetic wave irradiating area are deducted. Based on these deductions, the power waveform of echo signals is derived. In the end, a rang-Doppler terrain return power spectrum density (PSD) computation method is introduced in this paper. This method is validated by computer simulation and the simulation results are analyzed.
3. The characteristic of low altitude radio fuze are discussed in depth. It is concluded that low altitude radio fuze channel is a doubly-spread channel, through which a signal propagates will experience both time delay and frequency spreading. The definition of dynamic characteristics function and characteristic parameter of fuze channel are presented. The echo model from different target and the expression of terrain return equation are proposed.
4. The conception of relative standoff distance is proposed and the feasibility of its application in low altitude radio fuze is analyzed. A distance measuring algorithm based on process measuring is proposed. The algorithm principle and realization are discussed in detail. Considering the peculiar applying situation of distance measuring algorithm, theoretical analysis and simulation validation are made on the anti-jamming performance. A combined distance measuring algorithm based on both process measuring and distance prediction is proposed which gives a integrated solution to low altitude radio fuze distance measurement.
5. According to the development trend of fuze and the design philosophy of software radio fuze, a digital simulating system of low altitude radio fuze has been established. The overall design principle and modular programming method are discussed in detail. A real-time range-doppler power spectrum density computation method is presented. And the simulation of coherent correlated terrain return for general pulse fuze is fulfilled with method of Zero Memory Nonlinearity and Spherically Invariant Random Process.
引文
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