天然气输气管线温降计算
摘要
在天然气管道输送过程中,随着温度降低,有可能会生成水合物,使管道截面变小,降低输气效率,所以通常采用脱水、加热或伴热输送等方法输送天然气。天然气管道温降的数值计算可以为输气管道的设计、判断水合物的生成、保证生产运行提供参考数据。本文在苏霍夫公式的基础上,考虑了焦耳-汤姆逊效应的影响,根据天然气在管道中流动的导热基本理论,结合工程热力学、传热学、流体力学知识,建立天然气输气管线温降模型,利用VB6.0软件编写温降计算程序,采用循环迭代的方法,实现了管道温降的正向计算和反向计算,并绘制出温降曲线。本文还根据计算出的天然气沿程温度,对影响管道温降的各种因素如气体组成、管道运行参数、保温情况等进行分析比较,为如何减小天然气管输的温降,伴热功率、加热炉加热温度的计算及节能优化提供了理论依据。
In the process of nature gas transportation, the temperature will reduce along the pipeline, it’s possible to produce the hydrate, which will causes the pipeline section get smaller, reduces the efficiency of the pipeline. Therefore we usually use the dehydration, the heating and so on method to transportate natural gases hotly. The numerical calculus of gas line temperature drop may provide the reference data for the design of the lines, the judgment of if there is hydrate in the lines, oil transportation and production, management security. This article is based on the Su in the Hove formula, had considered the Joule - Thomsen effect's influence, according to the heat conducting elementary theory of the natural gas which flows in the pipeline, consulting the engineering thermodynamics, heat transfer theory, the hydromechanics knowledge, Using the VB6.0 software compilating the procedure of temperature drop computational in the method of circulation and iteration, establishes the model of natural gas pipe temperature drop, and the procedure can manages the forward and the backward calculation of the temperature drop and draws up the temperature drop curve. According to the natural gas temperature along the pipe calculated by the procedure, this paper compares some kind of factors such as gas composition, the pipeline operational factor, the heat preservation situation, and analysis how the factors influent the temperature drop, providing the theory basis for how to reduce the temperature drop in the gas line, the heating power and the heating furnace heating temperature calculation, and energy conservation and optimization.
In the process of nature gas transportation, the temperature will reduce along the pipeline, it’s possible to produce the hydrate, which will causes the pipeline section get smaller, reduces the efficiency of the pipeline. Therefore we usually use the dehydration, the heating and so on method to transportate natural gases hotly. The numerical calculus of gas line temperature drop may provide the reference data for the design of the lines, the judgment of if there is hydrate in the lines, oil transportation and production, management security. This article is based on the Su in the Hove formula, had considered the Joule - Thomsen effect's influence, according to the heat conducting elementary theory of the natural gas which flows in the pipeline, consulting the engineering thermodynamics, heat transfer theory, the hydromechanics knowledge, Using the VB6.0 software compilating the procedure of temperature drop computational in the method of circulation and iteration, establishes the model of natural gas pipe temperature drop, and the procedure can manages the forward and the backward calculation of the temperature drop and draws up the temperature drop curve. According to the natural gas temperature along the pipe calculated by the procedure, this paper compares some kind of factors such as gas composition, the pipeline operational factor, the heat preservation situation, and analysis how the factors influent the temperature drop, providing the theory basis for how to reduce the temperature drop in the gas line, the heating power and the heating furnace heating temperature calculation, and energy conservation and optimization.
引文
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[17]李长俊.天然气管道输送[M].石油工业出版社,2000:86-94
[18]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学(第四版)[M].高等教育出版社,2006:4-6
[19]沈维道,蒋智敏,童钧耕.工程热力学(第三版)[M].高等教育出版社,2001
[20] M.Mohitpour,H.Golshan,A.Murray.管道设计与施工实用方法[M].吴宏.石油工业出版社,2004:76-77
[21]秦国治,丁良棉,田志明.管道防腐蚀技术[M].化学工业出版社
[22]龚沛曾,陆慰民,杨志强.Visual Basic程序设计简明教程(第二版) [M].高等教育出版社
[23]王树立,赵志勇,王淑华.油气集输管线温降计算方法[J].油田地面工程.1999, 18(2):22-25
[24]李晋,王平,王洪霞.裸露管线温降规律研究[J].石油化工高等学校学报. 2009,22(1):73-75
[25]李文彩,王凤军,李艳梅.长输管道总传热系数分析及评价[J].油田地面工程. 2006,25(10):20-21
[26]王喜峰.管道总传热系数和当量管径分析[J].油田地面工程.2004,23(7): 10-11
[27]薛吉明,李存峰,李建刚.埋地钢制输气管道的检测与评估技术.油气储运. 2004, 23(11):9-11,24
[28]田拥军.热空气在管道中的传热计算.化纤与纺织技术.2005,6(2):39-41
[29]苗承武,卢绮敏.我国天然气管道规划及管道防腐蚀技术.全面腐蚀控制.2003, 17(4):1-5
[30]吴峰.周期性边界条件下管道传热规律数值研究.油气储运.2009,28(10): 26-29
[31]姚莉,张丽娜,赵芸.国内外天然气储运技术现状与发展趋势综述.天然气经济.2004,5:63-66
[32]朱彤.电伴热技术及其应用.节能环保技术.2003,11:51-52
[33]温栋,马红军.电伴热系统在西气东输管道工程中的应用.节能环保.2004,12:41-43
[34]钱成文,张延萍,吕彦.输气管道的气压实验技术.油气储运.2003,22:42-46
[2] Courant R,Isaacson E,Rees M.On the solution of non-linear hyperbolic differential equations by finite differences.Comm Pure Appl Math,1952.5:243-246
[3] Gentry R A,Martin R E,Daly B J.An Eulerian differencing method for unsteady compressible flow problems.J Comp Phys,1966.1:87-93
[4] Barakat H Z,Clark J A.Analytical and experimental study of transient natural convection flows in partially filled containers.In:Proceedings of the 3rd Int Heat Transfer Conf,Chicago,1996.2:152-158
[5] Harlow F H,Welch J E.Numerical calculation of time-dependent viscous incompressible flow of field with free surface.Phys.Fluids,1952.8:2182-2188
[6] Patankar S V,Spalding D B.A finite difference procedure for solving the equations of he two-dimensional boundary layer.Int Heat Mass Transfer,1967.10:1389- 1411
[7] Gosman A D,Pun W M,Runchal A K.Heat and mass transfer in recirculating flows.New York:Academic,1969
[8] Patankar S V, Spalding D B.A calculation procedure for heat,mass and momentum transfer in three-dimensional parabolic flows.Int J Heat Mass Transfer,1972.15: 1787-1796
[9] Thompson J F,Thames F C,Martin C W.Automatic numerical generation of body-fitted curvelinear coordinate system for field containing any number of arbitrary two-dimensional bodies.J Comput Phys,1974.15:299-319
[10] Leonard B P.A stable and accurate convection modeling procedure based on quadratic upstream interpolation.Comput Meth Appl Mech Eng,1979.19:59-98
[11] Patankar S V.Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow.New York:McGraw-Hill, 1980
[12] Rhie C M,Chow W L.A numerical study of the turbulent flow past an isolated airfoil with trailing edge separation,AIAA J,1983.21:1525-1532
[13] Singhal A K.A critical look of the progress in numerical heat transfer and some suggestions for improvement.Numer Heat Transfer,1985.8:505-517
[14] Shih T M,Hayes L J,Minkowycz W J.Parallel computation in heat transfer. Numer Heat Transfer,1986.9:639-662
[15]吴振亚.从CHAM公司的建立和发展看CFD软件产业的兴起.见:陶文铨,林汉涛,李长发,易希朗编.传热学的研究与进展—杨世铭教授从教三十周年暨七十寿辰纪念文集.北京:高等教育出版社,1995.253-260
[16]陶文铨.计算传热学的近代进展[M].科学出版社,2000:1-16 33-37
[17]李长俊.天然气管道输送[M].石油工业出版社,2000:86-94
[18]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学(第四版)[M].高等教育出版社,2006:4-6
[19]沈维道,蒋智敏,童钧耕.工程热力学(第三版)[M].高等教育出版社,2001
[20] M.Mohitpour,H.Golshan,A.Murray.管道设计与施工实用方法[M].吴宏.石油工业出版社,2004:76-77
[21]秦国治,丁良棉,田志明.管道防腐蚀技术[M].化学工业出版社
[22]龚沛曾,陆慰民,杨志强.Visual Basic程序设计简明教程(第二版) [M].高等教育出版社
[23]王树立,赵志勇,王淑华.油气集输管线温降计算方法[J].油田地面工程.1999, 18(2):22-25
[24]李晋,王平,王洪霞.裸露管线温降规律研究[J].石油化工高等学校学报. 2009,22(1):73-75
[25]李文彩,王凤军,李艳梅.长输管道总传热系数分析及评价[J].油田地面工程. 2006,25(10):20-21
[26]王喜峰.管道总传热系数和当量管径分析[J].油田地面工程.2004,23(7): 10-11
[27]薛吉明,李存峰,李建刚.埋地钢制输气管道的检测与评估技术.油气储运. 2004, 23(11):9-11,24
[28]田拥军.热空气在管道中的传热计算.化纤与纺织技术.2005,6(2):39-41
[29]苗承武,卢绮敏.我国天然气管道规划及管道防腐蚀技术.全面腐蚀控制.2003, 17(4):1-5
[30]吴峰.周期性边界条件下管道传热规律数值研究.油气储运.2009,28(10): 26-29
[31]姚莉,张丽娜,赵芸.国内外天然气储运技术现状与发展趋势综述.天然气经济.2004,5:63-66
[32]朱彤.电伴热技术及其应用.节能环保技术.2003,11:51-52
[33]温栋,马红军.电伴热系统在西气东输管道工程中的应用.节能环保.2004,12:41-43
[34]钱成文,张延萍,吕彦.输气管道的气压实验技术.油气储运.2003,22:42-46