城市垃圾渗滤液的特性分析及厌氧处理试验研究
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摘要
卫生填埋是我国目前处理垃圾的主要方法，其所产生的垃圾渗滤液对环境的危害性很大，不容忽视。垃圾渗滤液是种水质非常复杂的废水，高COD和高NH_3-N是其主要特征。垃圾渗滤液的成份和浓度受废弃物和水力条件的影响，而且还会随垃圾填埋场的年龄而变化。本文所进行的试验以西安江村沟垃圾填埋场渗滤液为对象，进行了垃圾渗滤液的分子量分布测定、垃圾渗滤液的可生化性试验、垃圾渗滤液厌氧处理试验研究、到了以下结论：
(1)垃圾渗滤液的分子量分布测定实验研究发现，在小于10000Da分子量的范围的污染物占垃圾渗滤液原液TOC的86.90％。表明垃圾渗滤液中的污染物主要集中在小于10000Da分子量的范围内。
(2)对西安江村沟垃圾渗滤液的可生化性试验表明BOD_5与COD的比值为39％，且随垃圾填埋场的年龄变化较大。对垃圾渗滤液进行了连续BOD实验，根据实验数据计算得到了西安江村沟垃圾渗滤液好氧生化处理时最大可能去除率为42.2％。
(3)厌氧SBR反应器进行处理，发现游离氨的浓度是影响厌氧处理垃圾渗滤液的主要抑制因子。当调反应器内pH=7时，游离氨浓度维持在30～60mg／L，产气量稳定在1000～1500ml。试验结果表明，游离氨的抑制作用是可恢复的，符合反竞争抑制模型。
(4)对厌氧SBR出水做分子量切割，结果表明厌氧处理后，出水中的污染物分子量有变大的趋势。渗滤液原液小于10000Da分子量的范围内COD值由77.71％下降到69.96％～72.44％；TOC由原液的86.90％下降到70.00％～78.52％。由此可知，厌氧过程中对污染物的去除主要集中在小分子上，所以选用好氧工艺作为后续处理的效果是很有限的。
(5)ABR处理垃圾渗滤液时，原水COD为6500mg／L，去除率为82％；当渗滤液浓度增加到9000mg／L时，去除率为69％。原因是游离氨浓度的增加抑制了生物的活性。第一隔室的去除率为总去除率的60～80％。因此，在反应器受到冲击后，总去除率随着第一隔室的去除率下降而下降。
(6)根据试验结果可以认为，经过厌氧处理后的城市垃圾渗滤液在选择后续处理工艺时，宜以物化法为主要选择对象。
Sanitary landfill is the main process of the municipal solid wastes (MSW)treatment, and it will produce landfill leachate certainly. The landfill leachate is very harmful for the environment, therefore, we must solve this problem. Landfill leachate is a complex wastewater with considerable variations in composition, and high concentration of COD and NH3-N. The composition and concentration of contaminants are influenced by the type of wastes deposited, by hydrogeological factors and mainly by the age of the landfill. This investigation aims to study physical, chemical, biological characteristic of landfill leachate and characteristic of biological treatment of landfill leachate, which was sampled from Jiangcungou Sanitary Landfill of Xi'an City. The results of experiment can be used as evidence and reference to when choosing methods for treatment of Jiangcungou's landfill leachate.
There are five experiments below: study on characteristics of molecular weight fraction of landfill leachate; study on biodegradability of landfill leachate; study on characteristic of anaerobic biologic treatment of landfill leachate; study on characteristics of molecular weight fraction of treated landfill leachate; research on the treatment characteristics of landfill leachate by anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR). We got the conclusions base on these experiments as follows:
(1) The result of study on characteristics of molecular weight fraction of landfill leachate showed the fractions of landfill leachate were found to be narrowly at the range of less than 10,000Da, which were accounted for about 86.90% of total pollutants.
(2) During the study on biodegradability of landfill leachate, I found that the value of BOD5 of landfill leachate was 39.08% and BOD/COD of landfill leachate was 39.08% which showed that landfill leachate could not be well treated in biological treatment. In the continuous BOD experiment, we calculated the datum and got the possible maximum removal rate of biologic treatment of landfill leachate, which is 57.8%.
(3 ) When anaerobic SBR treated landfill leachate, the results showed that the concentration
of free ammonia is the main inhabitation factor of anaerobic treatment. When pH value in the reactor was adjusted to 7, the concentration of free ammonia in reactor is less than 40mg/L, and the quantity of gas production kept inl 000-1500ml. The results showed that the inhabition of free ammonia is recoverable.
(4) The molecular weight fraction of effluence of A, B anaerobic SBR reactors showed that the molecular weight of pollutants would increase after the anaerobic treatment. At the range of less than 10,OOODa, the COD of leachate descented from 77.71% before the inflow to 69.96%~72.44% after the effluence; and TOC descented from 86.90% before the inflow to 70.00%~78.52% after the effluence. Anaerobic SBR mainly removed small molecular, so aerobic biologic should not used as step-treatment.
( 5 ) When the landfill leachate was treated by using ABR, COD of inflow was 6500 mg/L, removal rate was 82 %; as the concentration of landfill leachate increased to 9000 mg/L, removal rate was 69 %. the reason is that the increase of concentration of free ammonia inhabited the activity of biologic. By the comparison of ABR and SBR, it shows that the effect of ABR treatment is worse than SBR treatment. The reason is that the anti-striking capability of ABR is worse than the SBR. The removal rate of No.l compartment was 60-80% of total removal rate. Therefore when ABR was stricked, total removal rate will decent with No.l compartment.
(6) Accroding to the experiment results, sequent process should choose the phychemical process after anaerobic treatment.
(1)垃圾渗滤液的分子量分布测定实验研究发现，在小于10000Da分子量的范围的污染物占垃圾渗滤液原液TOC的86.90％。表明垃圾渗滤液中的污染物主要集中在小于10000Da分子量的范围内。
(2)对西安江村沟垃圾渗滤液的可生化性试验表明BOD_5与COD的比值为39％，且随垃圾填埋场的年龄变化较大。对垃圾渗滤液进行了连续BOD实验，根据实验数据计算得到了西安江村沟垃圾渗滤液好氧生化处理时最大可能去除率为42.2％。
(3)厌氧SBR反应器进行处理，发现游离氨的浓度是影响厌氧处理垃圾渗滤液的主要抑制因子。当调反应器内pH=7时，游离氨浓度维持在30～60mg／L，产气量稳定在1000～1500ml。试验结果表明，游离氨的抑制作用是可恢复的，符合反竞争抑制模型。
(4)对厌氧SBR出水做分子量切割，结果表明厌氧处理后，出水中的污染物分子量有变大的趋势。渗滤液原液小于10000Da分子量的范围内COD值由77.71％下降到69.96％～72.44％；TOC由原液的86.90％下降到70.00％～78.52％。由此可知，厌氧过程中对污染物的去除主要集中在小分子上，所以选用好氧工艺作为后续处理的效果是很有限的。
(5)ABR处理垃圾渗滤液时，原水COD为6500mg／L，去除率为82％；当渗滤液浓度增加到9000mg／L时，去除率为69％。原因是游离氨浓度的增加抑制了生物的活性。第一隔室的去除率为总去除率的60～80％。因此，在反应器受到冲击后，总去除率随着第一隔室的去除率下降而下降。
(6)根据试验结果可以认为，经过厌氧处理后的城市垃圾渗滤液在选择后续处理工艺时，宜以物化法为主要选择对象。
Sanitary landfill is the main process of the municipal solid wastes (MSW)treatment, and it will produce landfill leachate certainly. The landfill leachate is very harmful for the environment, therefore, we must solve this problem. Landfill leachate is a complex wastewater with considerable variations in composition, and high concentration of COD and NH3-N. The composition and concentration of contaminants are influenced by the type of wastes deposited, by hydrogeological factors and mainly by the age of the landfill. This investigation aims to study physical, chemical, biological characteristic of landfill leachate and characteristic of biological treatment of landfill leachate, which was sampled from Jiangcungou Sanitary Landfill of Xi'an City. The results of experiment can be used as evidence and reference to when choosing methods for treatment of Jiangcungou's landfill leachate.
There are five experiments below: study on characteristics of molecular weight fraction of landfill leachate; study on biodegradability of landfill leachate; study on characteristic of anaerobic biologic treatment of landfill leachate; study on characteristics of molecular weight fraction of treated landfill leachate; research on the treatment characteristics of landfill leachate by anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR). We got the conclusions base on these experiments as follows:
(1) The result of study on characteristics of molecular weight fraction of landfill leachate showed the fractions of landfill leachate were found to be narrowly at the range of less than 10,000Da, which were accounted for about 86.90% of total pollutants.
(2) During the study on biodegradability of landfill leachate, I found that the value of BOD5 of landfill leachate was 39.08% and BOD/COD of landfill leachate was 39.08% which showed that landfill leachate could not be well treated in biological treatment. In the continuous BOD experiment, we calculated the datum and got the possible maximum removal rate of biologic treatment of landfill leachate, which is 57.8%.
(3 ) When anaerobic SBR treated landfill leachate, the results showed that the concentration
of free ammonia is the main inhabitation factor of anaerobic treatment. When pH value in the reactor was adjusted to 7, the concentration of free ammonia in reactor is less than 40mg/L, and the quantity of gas production kept inl 000-1500ml. The results showed that the inhabition of free ammonia is recoverable.
(4) The molecular weight fraction of effluence of A, B anaerobic SBR reactors showed that the molecular weight of pollutants would increase after the anaerobic treatment. At the range of less than 10,OOODa, the COD of leachate descented from 77.71% before the inflow to 69.96%~72.44% after the effluence; and TOC descented from 86.90% before the inflow to 70.00%~78.52% after the effluence. Anaerobic SBR mainly removed small molecular, so aerobic biologic should not used as step-treatment.
( 5 ) When the landfill leachate was treated by using ABR, COD of inflow was 6500 mg/L, removal rate was 82 %; as the concentration of landfill leachate increased to 9000 mg/L, removal rate was 69 %. the reason is that the increase of concentration of free ammonia inhabited the activity of biologic. By the comparison of ABR and SBR, it shows that the effect of ABR treatment is worse than SBR treatment. The reason is that the anti-striking capability of ABR is worse than the SBR. The removal rate of No.l compartment was 60-80% of total removal rate. Therefore when ABR was stricked, total removal rate will decent with No.l compartment.
(6) Accroding to the experiment results, sequent process should choose the phychemical process after anaerobic treatment.
引文
[1] 郑雅杰．垃圾填埋场渗滤液特征及其治理．水资源保护，第二期
[2] 邹长伟，徐美生，黄虹，万金保．垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理技术．环境与开发，第16卷第3期
[3] 谢可蓉等．SBR法在垃圾渗滤液治理中的研究及应用．广东工业大学学报，第18卷第4期，2001．12
[4] 邹莲花．城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质影响因素分析及水质预测．科技情报综述
[5] 沈耀良、赵丹等．厌氧-好氧法处理渗滤液与城市污水混合废水的可行性[J]．污染防治技术，2000．13(2)：63～67
[6] 唐家富等．城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺比较．环境卫生工程，1995(2)15～19
[7] Hanne V.H., Birgitte K.A.. Intergrated removeal of nitrate and carbon in an upflow anaenabic sludge blanket reactor(UASB): Operating performance[J]. Wat.Res.,1996.30, 1451～1458
[8] R.H.Kettuuen, T.H.Hoilijoki, J.A.Rintala. Anaerobic and sequentiall anereobic-aerebic treatments of municipal landfill leachate at low temperatures[J]. Bioreseurce Teehonology, 1996, 58:31～40
[9] H.TIMUR, I.OZTURK. Araerobic sequencing batch reactor treatment of landfill leaehate[J]. Wat.Res., 1999, 33(15):3225～3230
[10] 李军、王宝贞等．生活垃圾渗滤液处理中试研究[J]．中国给水排水，2002．18(3)：1～6
[11] 徐竺等．上流式厌氧过滤器处理垃圾渗滤液的研究[J]．中国沼气，2002．20(2)：12～16
[12] 沈耀良等．厌氧折流板反应器处理垃圾渗滤液混合废水[J]．中国给水排水，1999．15(5)：10～12
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[14] 张彤、赵庆祥、朱怀玉．城市垃圾渗滤液及其生物处理对策[J]．城市环境与城市生态，1994．4：42～48
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[16] 谢可蓉等．SBR法在垃圾渗虑液治理中的研究及应用[J]．广东工业大学学报，2001．18(4)：90～93
[17] 孙召强等．CASS工艺处理垃圾渗虑液工程设计实例[J]．给水排水，2002．28(1)：20～21
[18] Christine Helmer, Sabine Kunst. Simultoneous nitrification/denitrifieation in an aeroic biofilm system[J]. What. Sci.Tech., 1998,37(4～5): 183～187
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[2] 邹长伟，徐美生，黄虹，万金保．垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理技术．环境与开发，第16卷第3期
[3] 谢可蓉等．SBR法在垃圾渗滤液治理中的研究及应用．广东工业大学学报，第18卷第4期，2001．12
[4] 邹莲花．城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质影响因素分析及水质预测．科技情报综述
[5] 沈耀良、赵丹等．厌氧-好氧法处理渗滤液与城市污水混合废水的可行性[J]．污染防治技术，2000．13(2)：63～67
[6] 唐家富等．城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺比较．环境卫生工程，1995(2)15～19
[7] Hanne V.H., Birgitte K.A.. Intergrated removeal of nitrate and carbon in an upflow anaenabic sludge blanket reactor(UASB): Operating performance[J]. Wat.Res.,1996.30, 1451～1458
[8] R.H.Kettuuen, T.H.Hoilijoki, J.A.Rintala. Anaerobic and sequentiall anereobic-aerebic treatments of municipal landfill leachate at low temperatures[J]. Bioreseurce Teehonology, 1996, 58:31～40
[9] H.TIMUR, I.OZTURK. Araerobic sequencing batch reactor treatment of landfill leaehate[J]. Wat.Res., 1999, 33(15):3225～3230
[10] 李军、王宝贞等．生活垃圾渗滤液处理中试研究[J]．中国给水排水，2002．18(3)：1～6
[11] 徐竺等．上流式厌氧过滤器处理垃圾渗滤液的研究[J]．中国沼气，2002．20(2)：12～16
[12] 沈耀良等．厌氧折流板反应器处理垃圾渗滤液混合废水[J]．中国给水排水，1999．15(5)：10～12
[13] 汪慧贞等．英国垃圾填埋渗滤液处理及其沼气利用简介[J]．给水排水，1994．20(7)：23～25
[14] 张彤、赵庆祥、朱怀玉．城市垃圾渗滤液及其生物处理对策[J]．城市环境与城市生态，1994．4：42～48
[15] 王小虎等．SBR法处理垃圾渗虑液试验研究[J]．环境卫生工程，2000，8(4)：147～150。
[16] 谢可蓉等．SBR法在垃圾渗虑液治理中的研究及应用[J]．广东工业大学学报，2001．18(4)：90～93
[17] 孙召强等．CASS工艺处理垃圾渗虑液工程设计实例[J]．给水排水，2002．28(1)：20～21
[18] Christine Helmer, Sabine Kunst. Simultoneous nitrification/denitrifieation in an aeroic biofilm system[J]. What. Sci.Tech., 1998,37(4～5): 183～187
[19] JEONG-HOONIM, HAE-JIN WOO, MYUNG-WON CHOI, KI-BACK HAN, CHANG-WON KIM. Simultaneous Organic and nitrogen removal from municipal landfill leachate using an anaerobic-aerobic system [J]. War. Res., 2001,35 (10):2403～2410
[20] R.H.Kettuuen, T.H.Hoilijoki, J.A.Pintala. Anaerobic and sequential anerobie-anerobic treatments of municipal landfill leachate at low temperature[J]. Bioresouree Teehology, 1996,58:31～40.
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