油田污水高效净化与稳定处理技术及其有效利用影响研究
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摘要
克拉玛依六、九区稠油油藏，是我国第一个投入开发的热力采油油藏。由于稠油污水处理技术不过关，有35000 m~3／d污水严重不达标排放，水中含油为500—2000 mg／l，COD为307—4790 mg／l，水温58℃。1984—2000年，累积采油2400×10~4t，排放污水9200×10~4m~3。造成了水资源浪费、热能流失、环境污染、植被死亡、油田被淹等后果。被国家环保总局列为全国最大的陆上石油开采污染源。
因此，本文研究课题是：对稠油污水处理技术及其有效利用后所产生的影响进行研究，实施“六九区稠油污水处理工程”。处理稠油污水35000 m~3／d。达到油田注水水质标准、国家二级排放标准和稠油热采锅炉用水标准，实现有效利用。节约淡水资源1200×10~4m~3／a、回收老化油4800 t／a、节约天燃气2920×10~4Nm~3／a。三项按十年计经济效益4.119亿元。还有利于环境保护，提升企业形象，实现中国石油“创造能源与环境的和谐”承诺。
本文从稠油污水的组成分析入手，研究了影响水质达标的各种因素。找出了悬浮颗粒表面Zeta电位是影响水质净化效果的关键因素；通过调整污水中离子的组成能够使处理污水的水性呈稳定状态，形成了油田污水高效净化与稳定处理配套技术，建设了稠油污水处理工程，实现了研究目际。
主要研究成果如下：
(1) 理论研究与计算结果表明：污水中悬浮颗粒表面Zeta电位是决定污水净化效果的关键因素，水中离子的组成决定污水性质的稳定性。提出了污水水质高效净化与稳定的技术思路：通过加入净水剂使悬浮颗粒表面Zeta
电位降低来提高净化效果;加入离子调整剂使水中的离子组成改变，以控制
腐蚀、抑制结垢、破坏细菌的生存环境，提高处理水的稳定性。
(2)研究了各种水处理剂对污水中悬浮颗粒表面Zeta电位及水中离子
组成的影响，开发了新型水处理药剂。处理后的污水达到了相应水质标准，
证实了理论计算结果和研究思路是正确的。
(3)研制了旋流反应器，使水处理药剂能够充分反应并截留大部分悬浮
物，提高了水处理效果。
(4)对稠油污水进行了现场模拟试验和工业性试验。处理后的水质达到
了新疆油田注水水质标准、国家二级排放标准和油田锅炉给水水质标准。在
2001年建成投产了“六九区稠油污水处理工程”，初步实现了稠油污水的有效
利用—回注油田12000 m3/d、回用热采注汽锅炉13000 m3/d、其余暂时达
标排放，最终实现稠油污水的“零排放”目标。
(5)一年来的生产实践表明:稠油污水达标回注油田和回用热采锅炉，
经检测证实对油藏和热采锅炉无伤害。
(6)针对含油污泥研究了三种无害化处理方法。解决了污水处理中产生
的污泥对环境的不利影响。
(7)采用该技术，对新疆油田6项污水处理工程进行了技术改造，效果
很好，提升了新疆油田污水处理与有效利用的整体技术水平。
关键词:油田污水处理回注油田回用锅炉排放污泥无害化处理
Sixth, ninth area heavy oil reservoir in Keiamayi oil-field is the first reservoir exploited by thermal in our country. It produces 35000m3/d serious waste water because of limited water treatment technique. In these waste water, it contains 500-2000mg/l oil,307-4790mg/l COD, 58℃ water temperature. From 1984-2000, It had accumulate recovered 2400× 104t crude oil, and drained away 9200× 104m3 waste water? It leads to water and heat wasted, environmentpolluted, vegetation died, oil-field flooded and so on. The national environment conservation bureau Lists it as the biggest contaminative resource In inland oil-fields.The title of this paper is: "study to heavy oil waste water treatment technique and influence after effective used"o Carried out " Sixth, ninth area's heavy oil waste water treatment project". Treat 35000m3/d waste water. Waste water after treated Arrived oil-field inject water criterion, national second class drain away water criterion, boiler water, used for heavy oil thermal recovery,, criterion and realized waste water effectively used. It Save 1200× 104m3/d fresh water, 2920 × 104Nm3 gas, and recovered 4800 t/a aging oil.Only these three aspects 4119 hundred million Yuan saved every ten years. It also do good to environment conservation, oil-field enterprise image promote and realizes Chinese petroleum promise "Create the concord of energy and environment."This paper first analysis's heavy oil waste water's composition,, and studies
every kind of factor influences water quality., Finding out suspending grains'surface Zeta electric potential is the key factor deciding purified effect. Make treated waste water property steadily by adjusting ionic composition in waste water, Formed oil-field waste water effectively purified and steadily treatedtechnique. Set up heavy oil waste water treatment project and realized researchobjection.Main research result as follow:First: Theory calculation result display: suspending grains' surface Zeta electric potential is the key factor influences purified result. Ionic composition in waste water decided the steady of waste water property. Bring up a technique way that purified waste water effectively and steadily: in order to improve purify effect,, we decline suspending grain's Surface Zeta electric potential by adding some decontaminant medicine?For controlling corrode, inhibiting evildoer, destroying germs' living condition and improving stability of treated Waste water, we change ionic composition by adding ionic adjustment medicine.,Second : study decontaminant medicine's influence to waste water suspend grain's surface Zata electric potential and ionic composition. Developed new kind of decontaminant medicine. Treated waste water arrived corresponding criterion. And confirmed theory calculation results and research thinking are rightoThird : Developed flow reactor, make decontaminant react as completely as possible, and capture most suspending substances. Improved waste water treatment effect.
Fourth: carried out spot-experiment and industrial experiment toward heavy oil waste water. Treated Waste water quality arrived Xinjiang oil-field's injection water quality criterion, national second class drain away water criterion, and oil boiler supply water quality criterion. Set up and implemented "sixth. Ninth area heavy oil waste water treatment project". In 2001 primarily realized heavy oil waste water effectively used: 12000m3/d injected back into oil-field, 13000 m3/d used back as , thermal recovery inject gas, boiler water, the rest drain away without pollution, and attained "zero drain away" target of heavy oil waste water.Fifth: The luster year's production practice show treated heavy oil waste water arrived oil-field injection, and thermal recovery boiler water criterion, and confirmed have no damage to reservior and thermal recovery boiler.Sixth: researched three harmless way to process oil contended sludge.Got rid of the negative influence, caused by the only left of waste water treatment, to environment.Seventh: Adopt this technique, we
因此，本文研究课题是：对稠油污水处理技术及其有效利用后所产生的影响进行研究，实施“六九区稠油污水处理工程”。处理稠油污水35000 m~3／d。达到油田注水水质标准、国家二级排放标准和稠油热采锅炉用水标准，实现有效利用。节约淡水资源1200×10~4m~3／a、回收老化油4800 t／a、节约天燃气2920×10~4Nm~3／a。三项按十年计经济效益4.119亿元。还有利于环境保护，提升企业形象，实现中国石油“创造能源与环境的和谐”承诺。
本文从稠油污水的组成分析入手，研究了影响水质达标的各种因素。找出了悬浮颗粒表面Zeta电位是影响水质净化效果的关键因素；通过调整污水中离子的组成能够使处理污水的水性呈稳定状态，形成了油田污水高效净化与稳定处理配套技术，建设了稠油污水处理工程，实现了研究目际。
主要研究成果如下：
(1) 理论研究与计算结果表明：污水中悬浮颗粒表面Zeta电位是决定污水净化效果的关键因素，水中离子的组成决定污水性质的稳定性。提出了污水水质高效净化与稳定的技术思路：通过加入净水剂使悬浮颗粒表面Zeta
电位降低来提高净化效果;加入离子调整剂使水中的离子组成改变，以控制
腐蚀、抑制结垢、破坏细菌的生存环境，提高处理水的稳定性。
(2)研究了各种水处理剂对污水中悬浮颗粒表面Zeta电位及水中离子
组成的影响，开发了新型水处理药剂。处理后的污水达到了相应水质标准，
证实了理论计算结果和研究思路是正确的。
(3)研制了旋流反应器，使水处理药剂能够充分反应并截留大部分悬浮
物，提高了水处理效果。
(4)对稠油污水进行了现场模拟试验和工业性试验。处理后的水质达到
了新疆油田注水水质标准、国家二级排放标准和油田锅炉给水水质标准。在
2001年建成投产了“六九区稠油污水处理工程”，初步实现了稠油污水的有效
利用—回注油田12000 m3/d、回用热采注汽锅炉13000 m3/d、其余暂时达
标排放，最终实现稠油污水的“零排放”目标。
(5)一年来的生产实践表明:稠油污水达标回注油田和回用热采锅炉，
经检测证实对油藏和热采锅炉无伤害。
(6)针对含油污泥研究了三种无害化处理方法。解决了污水处理中产生
的污泥对环境的不利影响。
(7)采用该技术，对新疆油田6项污水处理工程进行了技术改造，效果
很好，提升了新疆油田污水处理与有效利用的整体技术水平。
关键词:油田污水处理回注油田回用锅炉排放污泥无害化处理
Sixth, ninth area heavy oil reservoir in Keiamayi oil-field is the first reservoir exploited by thermal in our country. It produces 35000m3/d serious waste water because of limited water treatment technique. In these waste water, it contains 500-2000mg/l oil,307-4790mg/l COD, 58℃ water temperature. From 1984-2000, It had accumulate recovered 2400× 104t crude oil, and drained away 9200× 104m3 waste water? It leads to water and heat wasted, environmentpolluted, vegetation died, oil-field flooded and so on. The national environment conservation bureau Lists it as the biggest contaminative resource In inland oil-fields.The title of this paper is: "study to heavy oil waste water treatment technique and influence after effective used"o Carried out " Sixth, ninth area's heavy oil waste water treatment project". Treat 35000m3/d waste water. Waste water after treated Arrived oil-field inject water criterion, national second class drain away water criterion, boiler water, used for heavy oil thermal recovery,, criterion and realized waste water effectively used. It Save 1200× 104m3/d fresh water, 2920 × 104Nm3 gas, and recovered 4800 t/a aging oil.Only these three aspects 4119 hundred million Yuan saved every ten years. It also do good to environment conservation, oil-field enterprise image promote and realizes Chinese petroleum promise "Create the concord of energy and environment."This paper first analysis's heavy oil waste water's composition,, and studies
every kind of factor influences water quality., Finding out suspending grains'surface Zeta electric potential is the key factor deciding purified effect. Make treated waste water property steadily by adjusting ionic composition in waste water, Formed oil-field waste water effectively purified and steadily treatedtechnique. Set up heavy oil waste water treatment project and realized researchobjection.Main research result as follow:First: Theory calculation result display: suspending grains' surface Zeta electric potential is the key factor influences purified result. Ionic composition in waste water decided the steady of waste water property. Bring up a technique way that purified waste water effectively and steadily: in order to improve purify effect,, we decline suspending grain's Surface Zeta electric potential by adding some decontaminant medicine?For controlling corrode, inhibiting evildoer, destroying germs' living condition and improving stability of treated Waste water, we change ionic composition by adding ionic adjustment medicine.,Second : study decontaminant medicine's influence to waste water suspend grain's surface Zata electric potential and ionic composition. Developed new kind of decontaminant medicine. Treated waste water arrived corresponding criterion. And confirmed theory calculation results and research thinking are rightoThird : Developed flow reactor, make decontaminant react as completely as possible, and capture most suspending substances. Improved waste water treatment effect.
Fourth: carried out spot-experiment and industrial experiment toward heavy oil waste water. Treated Waste water quality arrived Xinjiang oil-field's injection water quality criterion, national second class drain away water criterion, and oil boiler supply water quality criterion. Set up and implemented "sixth. Ninth area heavy oil waste water treatment project". In 2001 primarily realized heavy oil waste water effectively used: 12000m3/d injected back into oil-field, 13000 m3/d used back as , thermal recovery inject gas, boiler water, the rest drain away without pollution, and attained "zero drain away" target of heavy oil waste water.Fifth: The luster year's production practice show treated heavy oil waste water arrived oil-field injection, and thermal recovery boiler water criterion, and confirmed have no damage to reservior and thermal recovery boiler.Sixth: researched three harmless way to process oil contended sludge.Got rid of the negative influence, caused by the only left of waste water treatment, to environment.Seventh: Adopt this technique, we
引文
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[2] Brown & Root, Inc. "Determination of Best Practicable Control Technology Currentiy Available to Remove Oil From Water Produced With Oil and Gas," Submitted to Sheen Technical Subcommittee, Offshore Operators Committee (March 1974)
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