Turbo乘积码的译码算法及FPGA实现
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摘要
在信道编码的发展进程中,编码研究人员一直致力于追寻性能尽可能的接近Shannon极限,且译码复杂度较低的信道编码方案。1993年Berrou等提出了Turbo码,这种码在接近香农极限的低信噪比下仍能够获得较低的误码率,它的出现在编码界引起了广泛的关注,并成为编码研究领域最新的发展方向之一。但Turbo码也有其缺点,由于交织器的存在,致使译码复杂度高,译码时延长且因为低码重码字,存在错误平台现象。在Turbo码的基础上,1994年,Pyndiah等提出了Turbo乘积码,Turbo乘积码继承了Turbo码的优点,又因为Turbo乘积码的构造采用了线性分组码,所以译码方法比Turbo码简单。Turbo乘积码近年来开始被广泛到应用到各种通信场合,大有取代传统的卷积码之势。
本文首先围绕Turbo乘积码的编译码原理,阐述了涉及到的基础知识;又据Turbo乘积码目前的应用状况,回顾了Turbo码的发展历史;其次,根据Turbo乘积码的构造原理,探讨了构造的方法,交织类型,予码的选择及子码的性能;再次,研究了Turbo乘积码的概率译码,基于外信息的迭代算法,研究了Chase的译码算法;最后通过软件仿真实现了该迭代译码算法,得到的结果达到了通信接收的要求。
本文还初步的阐述了Turbo乘积码硬件实现系统的设计方案。据实际工作中碰到的非标准信号,给出了整体模块设计图,及相应模块的功能和模块间连接的各种参数。并实现了模态下的同步搜索和去除相位模糊功能。最后根据研究中碰到的各种问题,提出了下一步工作建议和研究方向。
During the development of channel encoding, The code Researchers are always finding a kind of code which has near-optimum performance, low bit error rate and low decoding complexity. Berrou advanced Turbo codes in 1993. The Turbo codes have the near-optimum performance and low bit error rate, so it gets the wide care. But the Turbo codes also have shortcuts such as high decoding complexity, and long decoding latency. On the base of Turbo codes, 1994 .Pyndiah suggested the Turbo Product Codes. The Turbo Product Codes remain the merits from Turbo codes, and because of its linear codes, the decoding structure is simpler than Turbo codes.These years, Tpc has benn used in many communication fields,and will take place of convolutional code.
First ,The paper surrounds The theory of endoding and decoding, describes related basis knowledge,and for the application now, runs back over the past. Scend,from the structure of Tpc,discussed the building means , interleaving ways ,the choice and the performance of subcodes. Third, study probability decoding of Tpc, iterative decoding algorithm and Chase algorithm. Finally ,The algorithm has been realized ,and the result reached our requirement.
The paper has been described the realization way of hard ware. For the non-standard signal in the working. Designed the chart of the whole module and the function of the module. Finding synchronous code and phase fuzzy have been settled . At the conclusion of this thesis are a summary of the accomplished work and my outlook of the successive research.
本文首先围绕Turbo乘积码的编译码原理,阐述了涉及到的基础知识;又据Turbo乘积码目前的应用状况,回顾了Turbo码的发展历史;其次,根据Turbo乘积码的构造原理,探讨了构造的方法,交织类型,予码的选择及子码的性能;再次,研究了Turbo乘积码的概率译码,基于外信息的迭代算法,研究了Chase的译码算法;最后通过软件仿真实现了该迭代译码算法,得到的结果达到了通信接收的要求。
本文还初步的阐述了Turbo乘积码硬件实现系统的设计方案。据实际工作中碰到的非标准信号,给出了整体模块设计图,及相应模块的功能和模块间连接的各种参数。并实现了模态下的同步搜索和去除相位模糊功能。最后根据研究中碰到的各种问题,提出了下一步工作建议和研究方向。
During the development of channel encoding, The code Researchers are always finding a kind of code which has near-optimum performance, low bit error rate and low decoding complexity. Berrou advanced Turbo codes in 1993. The Turbo codes have the near-optimum performance and low bit error rate, so it gets the wide care. But the Turbo codes also have shortcuts such as high decoding complexity, and long decoding latency. On the base of Turbo codes, 1994 .Pyndiah suggested the Turbo Product Codes. The Turbo Product Codes remain the merits from Turbo codes, and because of its linear codes, the decoding structure is simpler than Turbo codes.These years, Tpc has benn used in many communication fields,and will take place of convolutional code.
First ,The paper surrounds The theory of endoding and decoding, describes related basis knowledge,and for the application now, runs back over the past. Scend,from the structure of Tpc,discussed the building means , interleaving ways ,the choice and the performance of subcodes. Third, study probability decoding of Tpc, iterative decoding algorithm and Chase algorithm. Finally ,The algorithm has been realized ,and the result reached our requirement.
The paper has been described the realization way of hard ware. For the non-standard signal in the working. Designed the chart of the whole module and the function of the module. Finding synchronous code and phase fuzzy have been settled . At the conclusion of this thesis are a summary of the accomplished work and my outlook of the successive research.
引文
[1]C.E.Shannon,"A Mathematical Theory of Communication",Bell Syst.Tech.J.,27,pp.379-423(Part 1),623-656(Part 2),July 1948.
[2]J.Viterbi and J.K.Omura,Principles of Digital Communication and Coding,McGraw-Hill,New York,1979.
[3]SHU LIN and D.J.Costello,Jr.,Error Control Coding Fundamentals and Applications,Prentice-Hall,Englewood Cliffs,N.J.,1983.
[4]樊昌信,詹道庸等,通信原理,国防工业出版社,北京,1995年第4版。
[5]王新梅肖国镇,《纠错码-原理与方法》,西安电子科技大学出版,出版日期,2001.4
[6]刘东华,Turbo码原理与应用技术,电子工业出版社,2004年1月第1版
[7]吴伟陵,通向信息编码定理的Turbo码及其性能分析电子学报,1998,26(7);35-40,.
[8]S.Benedetto,D.Divsalar,G.Montorsi,etal.Soft-Output Decoding Algorithms in Iterative Decoding of Turbo Codes[J].The Telecommunication and Data Acquisition Progress Report.Feb 1996;63-87.
[9]C.Berrou,A.Glavieux,and P.Thitirnajshima,"Near Shannon Limit Error-Correcting Coding and Decoding;Turbo-Codes",ICC'93,Geneva,Switzerland,May 93,pp.1064-1070.
[10]曹志刚,钱亚生,现代通信原理,清华大学出版社,北京,1992年第1版。
[11]R Pyndiah,et al.Near Optimum Decoding of Product Codes[A].Proc.IEEE GLOBECOM'94 Conf.,Vol.1[C].San CA;Francisco,1994.330-343。
[12]R Pyndiah.Near Optimum Decoding of Product Codes;Block Turbo Codes[J].IEEE Trans.on Communications,1998,46(8)。
[13]Xufei Wei,All N Akansu.On Parallel Iterative Decoding of Product Code[A].in VTC 2001 Fall(vol.4)[C].October 2001.2483-2486。
[14]仇佩亮;《信息论与编码》高等教育出版社,2003
[15]郭阅仑;《Turbo码的设计与实现》,上海交通大学,硕士论文,2001
[16]方敏;《分组Turbo码的研究》,四川大学,硕士论文,2003
[17]郭阅仑,罗汉文,宋文涛,“Turbo Code译码算法的硬件实现”,电信快报,2000
[18]钱良,罗汉文,宋文涛,“FPGA实现WCDMA系统中Turbo码解码方法”,电了产品世界,2000年第3期。
[19]王立宁,乐光新,詹菲.MATLAB与通信仿真.北京;人民邮电出版社,1999
[20]刘宝琴.ALTERA可编程逻辑器件及其应用.北京;清华大学出版社,1995
[23]白宝明,马啸,王新梅.三维Turbo码的设计与性能分析[J].西安电子科技大学学报,1998,25(5);570-574
[24]袁东风,张海霞,编码调制技术原理及应用,清华大学出版社2006 第一版
[25]袁东风,张海霞,宽带移动通信中的先进信道编码技术,北京邮电大学 2004
[26]刘玉君,信道编码河南科学技术出版社 1992年第一版
[27]王新梅,马啸,软判决译码研究的进展,电子学报 1998(7)
[2]J.Viterbi and J.K.Omura,Principles of Digital Communication and Coding,McGraw-Hill,New York,1979.
[3]SHU LIN and D.J.Costello,Jr.,Error Control Coding Fundamentals and Applications,Prentice-Hall,Englewood Cliffs,N.J.,1983.
[4]樊昌信,詹道庸等,通信原理,国防工业出版社,北京,1995年第4版。
[5]王新梅肖国镇,《纠错码-原理与方法》,西安电子科技大学出版,出版日期,2001.4
[6]刘东华,Turbo码原理与应用技术,电子工业出版社,2004年1月第1版
[7]吴伟陵,通向信息编码定理的Turbo码及其性能分析电子学报,1998,26(7);35-40,.
[8]S.Benedetto,D.Divsalar,G.Montorsi,etal.Soft-Output Decoding Algorithms in Iterative Decoding of Turbo Codes[J].The Telecommunication and Data Acquisition Progress Report.Feb 1996;63-87.
[9]C.Berrou,A.Glavieux,and P.Thitirnajshima,"Near Shannon Limit Error-Correcting Coding and Decoding;Turbo-Codes",ICC'93,Geneva,Switzerland,May 93,pp.1064-1070.
[10]曹志刚,钱亚生,现代通信原理,清华大学出版社,北京,1992年第1版。
[11]R Pyndiah,et al.Near Optimum Decoding of Product Codes[A].Proc.IEEE GLOBECOM'94 Conf.,Vol.1[C].San CA;Francisco,1994.330-343。
[12]R Pyndiah.Near Optimum Decoding of Product Codes;Block Turbo Codes[J].IEEE Trans.on Communications,1998,46(8)。
[13]Xufei Wei,All N Akansu.On Parallel Iterative Decoding of Product Code[A].in VTC 2001 Fall(vol.4)[C].October 2001.2483-2486。
[14]仇佩亮;《信息论与编码》高等教育出版社,2003
[15]郭阅仑;《Turbo码的设计与实现》,上海交通大学,硕士论文,2001
[16]方敏;《分组Turbo码的研究》,四川大学,硕士论文,2003
[17]郭阅仑,罗汉文,宋文涛,“Turbo Code译码算法的硬件实现”,电信快报,2000
[18]钱良,罗汉文,宋文涛,“FPGA实现WCDMA系统中Turbo码解码方法”,电了产品世界,2000年第3期。
[19]王立宁,乐光新,詹菲.MATLAB与通信仿真.北京;人民邮电出版社,1999
[20]刘宝琴.ALTERA可编程逻辑器件及其应用.北京;清华大学出版社,1995
[23]白宝明,马啸,王新梅.三维Turbo码的设计与性能分析[J].西安电子科技大学学报,1998,25(5);570-574
[24]袁东风,张海霞,编码调制技术原理及应用,清华大学出版社2006 第一版
[25]袁东风,张海霞,宽带移动通信中的先进信道编码技术,北京邮电大学 2004
[26]刘玉君,信道编码河南科学技术出版社 1992年第一版
[27]王新梅,马啸,软判决译码研究的进展,电子学报 1998(7)