基于小波变换的图像数字水印技术研究
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摘要
数字水印技术是解决多媒体作品版权保护与信息安全的有效手段。由于小波变换具有良好的时频局部化特性以及与人类视觉系统相符的变换机制,且新的图像压缩标准JPEG2000也以小波变换为基础,基于小波变换的图像数字水印技术逐渐成为研究的重点和热点。本文对小波域图像数字水印算法进行了比较详细的研究与实践,主要研究内容和创新点如下:
1.系统地介绍了数字水印的基本概念以及小波变换的基本原理,研究了小波域水印算法的基本过程。
2.研究了纠错编码技术的基本原理,提出了一种基于(7,4)汉明码进行纠错编码的小波域自适应盲水印算法,并讨论了影响水印鲁棒性的因素。该算法采用量化中间值系数的方法将水印嵌入在小波域的低频部分,具有较好的安全性和鲁棒性,并可根据图像内容自适应地确定量化步长,提高了算法对不同图像的自适应能力。
3.提出了一种用于图像内容认证的半盲脆弱水印算法,并研究了水印嵌入时小波基的选择问题。该算法具有较好的不可见性,对一定强度的图像压缩、增强等处理有鲁棒性,而对恶意攻击则表现出较强的脆弱性,并具有对剪切攻击进行篡改定位的能力。
4.根据人类视觉系统的特点选择感知重要系数嵌入水印的原理,将水印嵌入量控制在可见误差范围内,设计了一种分层检测水印算法,节省了检测时间。该算法采用第二代小波变换技术,实现速度快,适用于大数据量遥感图像的版权保护。
5.研究了彩色图像数字水印算法,分析了水印的嵌入对遥感图像分类的影响,并通过实验将一幅军事作战态势图隐藏在彩色遥感图像中。对彩色图像中红、绿、蓝三个分量嵌入水印的鲁棒性进行了比较和分析,实验结果表明,在彩色图像的绿色分量中嵌入水印对JPEG压缩有较强的鲁棒性,在蓝色分量中嵌入水印对锐化、平滑滤波等攻击有较强的鲁棒性。
Digital watermarking technique is a useful method to solve the problem of copyright protection and information security for multimedia content. Because wavelet transform has many predominance such as space-frequency localization, multi-resolution representation and its compatibility with the new image coding standard—JPEG2000, wavelet based watermarking techniques become the hotspot of the field, In this thesis, detailed researches are done about the image watermarking algorithms in wavelet domain. The main works and creations are as the following:
1. The background and current research of digital watermarking are researched, and the basic principle of wavelet transform is studied. The basic process of watermarking algorithms in wavelet domain is introduced.
2. The basic principle of error correction code is researched. An adaptive watermarking algorithm in wavelet domain is proposed and the hamming code is used to correct the wrong code. The factors which influence the digital watermark's robustness are discussed. The watermark is embedded into the low-frequency band of the wavelet image representation by changing the median value. The algorithm is safe and robust against common attacks. The quantization step is determined adaptively in accord with different images.
3. A semi-blind fragile watermarking algorithm for image authentication is proposed. The problem of selection of wavelet basis is researched. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme is invisible and robust against common image processing such as JPEG compression and image enhancement. The algorithm is fragile to content modification such as blurring and adding noise and can effectively detect the tampered regions by cropping.
4. A watermarking algorithm for the copyright protection of remote sensing image is proposed. The perceptually significant wavelet coefficients are selected by using human visual system and the strength of embedded watermark is determined by the just noticeable distortion. The watermark is detected hierarchically to save detection time.
5. The color image watermarking algorithms are researched. The watermark's impact on image classification is studied. A military map is embedded into a color remote sensing image. The robustness of watermarking algorithms into different component of the color image is compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the watermark embedded into the green component is robust against JPEG compression especially, while the watermark embedded into the blue component performs better when attacked by sharpening and filtering.
1.系统地介绍了数字水印的基本概念以及小波变换的基本原理,研究了小波域水印算法的基本过程。
2.研究了纠错编码技术的基本原理,提出了一种基于(7,4)汉明码进行纠错编码的小波域自适应盲水印算法,并讨论了影响水印鲁棒性的因素。该算法采用量化中间值系数的方法将水印嵌入在小波域的低频部分,具有较好的安全性和鲁棒性,并可根据图像内容自适应地确定量化步长,提高了算法对不同图像的自适应能力。
3.提出了一种用于图像内容认证的半盲脆弱水印算法,并研究了水印嵌入时小波基的选择问题。该算法具有较好的不可见性,对一定强度的图像压缩、增强等处理有鲁棒性,而对恶意攻击则表现出较强的脆弱性,并具有对剪切攻击进行篡改定位的能力。
4.根据人类视觉系统的特点选择感知重要系数嵌入水印的原理,将水印嵌入量控制在可见误差范围内,设计了一种分层检测水印算法,节省了检测时间。该算法采用第二代小波变换技术,实现速度快,适用于大数据量遥感图像的版权保护。
5.研究了彩色图像数字水印算法,分析了水印的嵌入对遥感图像分类的影响,并通过实验将一幅军事作战态势图隐藏在彩色遥感图像中。对彩色图像中红、绿、蓝三个分量嵌入水印的鲁棒性进行了比较和分析,实验结果表明,在彩色图像的绿色分量中嵌入水印对JPEG压缩有较强的鲁棒性,在蓝色分量中嵌入水印对锐化、平滑滤波等攻击有较强的鲁棒性。
Digital watermarking technique is a useful method to solve the problem of copyright protection and information security for multimedia content. Because wavelet transform has many predominance such as space-frequency localization, multi-resolution representation and its compatibility with the new image coding standard—JPEG2000, wavelet based watermarking techniques become the hotspot of the field, In this thesis, detailed researches are done about the image watermarking algorithms in wavelet domain. The main works and creations are as the following:
1. The background and current research of digital watermarking are researched, and the basic principle of wavelet transform is studied. The basic process of watermarking algorithms in wavelet domain is introduced.
2. The basic principle of error correction code is researched. An adaptive watermarking algorithm in wavelet domain is proposed and the hamming code is used to correct the wrong code. The factors which influence the digital watermark's robustness are discussed. The watermark is embedded into the low-frequency band of the wavelet image representation by changing the median value. The algorithm is safe and robust against common attacks. The quantization step is determined adaptively in accord with different images.
3. A semi-blind fragile watermarking algorithm for image authentication is proposed. The problem of selection of wavelet basis is researched. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme is invisible and robust against common image processing such as JPEG compression and image enhancement. The algorithm is fragile to content modification such as blurring and adding noise and can effectively detect the tampered regions by cropping.
4. A watermarking algorithm for the copyright protection of remote sensing image is proposed. The perceptually significant wavelet coefficients are selected by using human visual system and the strength of embedded watermark is determined by the just noticeable distortion. The watermark is detected hierarchically to save detection time.
5. The color image watermarking algorithms are researched. The watermark's impact on image classification is studied. A military map is embedded into a color remote sensing image. The robustness of watermarking algorithms into different component of the color image is compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the watermark embedded into the green component is robust against JPEG compression especially, while the watermark embedded into the blue component performs better when attacked by sharpening and filtering.
引文
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