海洋水质综合参数监测系统的研制
摘要
海洋环境监测是人类认识海洋的基本途径,是关系国家海洋安全、经济发展、环境保护、减灾防灾的不可缺少的基础技术和信息获取手段,在开发海洋资源、预警海洋灾害、维护海洋权益、保护海洋环境等方面都有着重大意义。从某种意义上讲,海洋环境监测的能力,直接影响着海洋资源开发和海洋环境保护的程度和效果。发展海洋经济已成为国家国民经济的重要支柱,也是可持续发展战略的前沿阵地,现代海洋开发带来巨大经济效益的同时,也带来一系列资源和生态环境问题。海洋生态的破坏和环境的污染,尤其是沿海海洋环境的污染已构成我国社会经济可持续发展的重大障碍。保护海洋生态环境,实现可持续发展,已成为今后一项紧迫而艰巨的任务。
本文主要介绍了开发低成本、低价格、功能齐全、集数据采集分析和环境监测、控制于一体的多功能的海洋水质综合参数监测系统。围绕所作的相关工作,本文分了六个部分进行了讨论:第一部分介绍了国内外水质监测仪器的发展和现状,说明了本文的研究内容和技术路线;第二部分主要介绍本系统中所选用的传感器的技术指标和测量原理;第三部分是对本系统的硬件构成、电路设计作了详细的介绍;第四部分对系统软件部分设计作了详细的说明;第五部分重点讨论了系统低功耗设计特点及设计方案;第六部分对全文作了总结并对今后的进一步研究进行了展望。
本文所提出的方案已成功进行了实验室的研究,取得了满意的效果。同时,本文介绍的方法也为下一阶段的研究开发打下了基础,经进一步的完善后,本系统可广泛应用于化工、环保、电力、冶金、制药、食品以及供水等领域。
As a basic way to inspect the ocean, the marine environment monitoring is an essential way and an information acquisition method which affect the national maritime safety, the economy development, the environmental protection and disaster prevention. At the same time, it also influences the marine recourse mining, the marine disaster prevention, the marine interests safeguarding, the marine environment protecting, and so on. In a sense, we can say that the marine environment monitoring ability impact the extent and the effect of the marine recourse mining and the marine environment protecting. The marine economy has become an important pillar of the national economy, as well as the forward position of the sustainable development strategy, but it also causes a series of resources and the ecological problem. The marine ecological destruction and the environment pollution, especially the pollution on the coasts have obstacle the sustainable development strategy greatly. It is urgent and arduous to protect the marine ecological for the sustainable development strategy.
This paper describe the multi-purpose smart marine water quality monitoring system which is of low-cost, low-price, complete functions, collecting data collection and analysis and environmental monitoring, integrated control. The whole paper is divided into six parts. The first part introduced the domestic and foreign water quality monitor the instrument the development and the present situation, explaining this article research content and the technical route; The second part mainly introduce the technical specification and survey principle; The third part was to this system hardware constitution, the circuit design in details; The fourth part has given the detailed explanation to the system software partial designs; Part V part discussed the system low power loss design characteristic and the design proposal with emphasis; Part VI has carried on the forecast to the entire document summary and to the next further research.
This program proposed in this paper has conducted laboratory studies successfully and obtained satisfactory results. Meanwhile, this paper introduces the methods for the next stage of the research and development. After the further refinement, the system can be widely used in chemical industry, environmental protection, power, metallurgical, pharmaceutical, food and water, and other fields.
本文主要介绍了开发低成本、低价格、功能齐全、集数据采集分析和环境监测、控制于一体的多功能的海洋水质综合参数监测系统。围绕所作的相关工作,本文分了六个部分进行了讨论:第一部分介绍了国内外水质监测仪器的发展和现状,说明了本文的研究内容和技术路线;第二部分主要介绍本系统中所选用的传感器的技术指标和测量原理;第三部分是对本系统的硬件构成、电路设计作了详细的介绍;第四部分对系统软件部分设计作了详细的说明;第五部分重点讨论了系统低功耗设计特点及设计方案;第六部分对全文作了总结并对今后的进一步研究进行了展望。
本文所提出的方案已成功进行了实验室的研究,取得了满意的效果。同时,本文介绍的方法也为下一阶段的研究开发打下了基础,经进一步的完善后,本系统可广泛应用于化工、环保、电力、冶金、制药、食品以及供水等领域。
As a basic way to inspect the ocean, the marine environment monitoring is an essential way and an information acquisition method which affect the national maritime safety, the economy development, the environmental protection and disaster prevention. At the same time, it also influences the marine recourse mining, the marine disaster prevention, the marine interests safeguarding, the marine environment protecting, and so on. In a sense, we can say that the marine environment monitoring ability impact the extent and the effect of the marine recourse mining and the marine environment protecting. The marine economy has become an important pillar of the national economy, as well as the forward position of the sustainable development strategy, but it also causes a series of resources and the ecological problem. The marine ecological destruction and the environment pollution, especially the pollution on the coasts have obstacle the sustainable development strategy greatly. It is urgent and arduous to protect the marine ecological for the sustainable development strategy.
This paper describe the multi-purpose smart marine water quality monitoring system which is of low-cost, low-price, complete functions, collecting data collection and analysis and environmental monitoring, integrated control. The whole paper is divided into six parts. The first part introduced the domestic and foreign water quality monitor the instrument the development and the present situation, explaining this article research content and the technical route; The second part mainly introduce the technical specification and survey principle; The third part was to this system hardware constitution, the circuit design in details; The fourth part has given the detailed explanation to the system software partial designs; Part V part discussed the system low power loss design characteristic and the design proposal with emphasis; Part VI has carried on the forecast to the entire document summary and to the next further research.
This program proposed in this paper has conducted laboratory studies successfully and obtained satisfactory results. Meanwhile, this paper introduces the methods for the next stage of the research and development. After the further refinement, the system can be widely used in chemical industry, environmental protection, power, metallurgical, pharmaceutical, food and water, and other fields.
引文
[1]朱光文.海洋监测技术的国内外现状及发展趋势.气象水文海洋仪器,1997,(2):1-14
[2]孙仲汉.近海环境自动监测技术的若干发展.海洋技术,2001,1
[3]朱光文.我国海洋监测技术研究和开发的现状和未来发展.海洋技术,2002, 21(2):27-32
[4]康寿岭.海洋环境立体自动监测系统.海洋技术,2001,1
[5]刘岩,王昭正.海洋环境监测技术综述.山东科学,2001,14(3):30-35
[6]李允武.我国海洋环境监测高技术.海洋技术,1995,14(3):1-6
[7]范志杰,宋春印.中国海洋环境污染监测的回顺与展望环境科学进展.1995,3(1):38-54
[8]王先平.水污染控制工程中的水质参数在线监控.环境监测管理与技术,2000,12(6):7-8
[9]吴沧海,顾正禹.pH在线连续监测系统的研制.上海:华东师范大学学报,2002,02:19-22
[10] U.K.Basak, G.Nevzat. Electrical conductivity imaging via comractless measurements: An experimental study. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging,2003,22(5):627-635
[11] K.A.Sudduth, N.R.Kitchen, CxA.Bollero. Comparison of electromagnetic induction and direct sensing of electrical conductivity. Agronomy Journal,2003,95(3):472-482
[12]傅卫卫,应伯根.工业水处理过程中电导率测量方法的研究.浙江大学学报,1999,33(2):204-208
[13] Kim, Kwang. R.Donald. Electrical conductivity measurements of molten alkaline-earth fluorides. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1992, 139(4):1027-1033
[14] N.Pabitra,A. Peter. Influence of temperature on electrical conductivity on liquid. Geophysics,1992,57(1):89-96
[15]苏铁力,关镇海,孙立红,孙彦卿.传感器及其接口技术.中国石化出版社,1998,7
[16] Harro Bode, Ernst A.Nusch. Advanced river quality monitoring in the Ruhr Basin.Water science and technology,1999,40(10) :145-152
[17] Yong H.Kim, Robert Hensley. Effective Control of Chlorination and Dechlorination at Waste water Treatment Plants Using Redox Potential.Water Environment Research,1997,69:1008
[18] David G.Wareham,Kenneth J.Hall and Donald S.Mavinic. Real-time Control of Waste water Treatment Systems Using ORP. Water Science Technology,1993,28(11-12):273-278
[19]刘占孟.电化学法处理高盐度染料中间体废水实验研究.山东轻工业学院学报,2005,19(4):30-34
[20] Lin-En Kuo, Melsheimer S S. Wastewater neutralization control using a neural network based model predictive controller. American Control Conference,1998,(6):3896-3899
[21]胡大可等.MSP430系列Flash型超低功耗16位单片机.北京航空航天大学出版社,2001,12
[22] MSP430X14X Mixed Signal Microcontroller. Texas Instrument,2000
[23] Song Guangwei, Hong Jun, Wang Zhanfeng, Song Zhiguang. Research on Modifying Technology for Data Collection Under MSP430 Micro-controller [J].Proceedings of the International Symposiumon Stand Measurement,2003,1:405-408
[24]沈建华,杨艳琴.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机实践与系统设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:119-120
[25]李宏,张家田.液晶显示器件应用技术.机械工业出版社,2004
[26] Physiological tools for irrigation scheduling in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): An open gate to improve water-use efficiency. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2005,2(106):159-170
[27]王君立,壮凌,檀慧明.液晶显示控制器的设计.液晶与显示,2003,18(2):125-129
[28] Ken Sakamura. Designing Low-power CPU.微处理机与微型计算机,1999,4(19)
[29]胡大可等.MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,1
[30]魏小龙等.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例.北京航空航天大学出版社,2002,11
[31] Application of a portable clamp-on ultrasonic flow meter in the water industry. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 1994, 6(5):191-194
[32]沈宝利.用超低功耗MSP430单片机设计数据采集系统.电子产品世界,2002,9:57-58
[33]马明建等.数据采集与处理技术.西安交通大学出版社,1998
[34] Azedine Charef,Antoine Ghzuch. Water quality monitoring using a smart sensing system. Measurement, 2000,28:219-224
[35] K.T.V. Grattan. Water quality monitoring-Technological advantages and potential developments in the use of fiber optic technology. Water science and technology,1999,12(37):247-253
[36]郭强.液晶显示应用基础.电子工业出版社,2000
[37]彭芳,张茂青,钱伟清,宦洪才.基于MSP430的智能仪表的LCD驱动设计.电子工程师,2006,8:41-43
[38]郑芬,桂武鸣.基于msp430的智能仪表的设计.邵阳学院学报,2006,3:46-47
[39]房小翠,王金凤.单片机实用系统设计技术.国防工业出版社,1999
[40]吴少军,刘光斌.实用低功耗设计——原理、器件与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003,67-159
[41]卢胜利.智能仪器设计与实现.重庆大学出版社,2003,6
[2]孙仲汉.近海环境自动监测技术的若干发展.海洋技术,2001,1
[3]朱光文.我国海洋监测技术研究和开发的现状和未来发展.海洋技术,2002, 21(2):27-32
[4]康寿岭.海洋环境立体自动监测系统.海洋技术,2001,1
[5]刘岩,王昭正.海洋环境监测技术综述.山东科学,2001,14(3):30-35
[6]李允武.我国海洋环境监测高技术.海洋技术,1995,14(3):1-6
[7]范志杰,宋春印.中国海洋环境污染监测的回顺与展望环境科学进展.1995,3(1):38-54
[8]王先平.水污染控制工程中的水质参数在线监控.环境监测管理与技术,2000,12(6):7-8
[9]吴沧海,顾正禹.pH在线连续监测系统的研制.上海:华东师范大学学报,2002,02:19-22
[10] U.K.Basak, G.Nevzat. Electrical conductivity imaging via comractless measurements: An experimental study. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging,2003,22(5):627-635
[11] K.A.Sudduth, N.R.Kitchen, CxA.Bollero. Comparison of electromagnetic induction and direct sensing of electrical conductivity. Agronomy Journal,2003,95(3):472-482
[12]傅卫卫,应伯根.工业水处理过程中电导率测量方法的研究.浙江大学学报,1999,33(2):204-208
[13] Kim, Kwang. R.Donald. Electrical conductivity measurements of molten alkaline-earth fluorides. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1992, 139(4):1027-1033
[14] N.Pabitra,A. Peter. Influence of temperature on electrical conductivity on liquid. Geophysics,1992,57(1):89-96
[15]苏铁力,关镇海,孙立红,孙彦卿.传感器及其接口技术.中国石化出版社,1998,7
[16] Harro Bode, Ernst A.Nusch. Advanced river quality monitoring in the Ruhr Basin.Water science and technology,1999,40(10) :145-152
[17] Yong H.Kim, Robert Hensley. Effective Control of Chlorination and Dechlorination at Waste water Treatment Plants Using Redox Potential.Water Environment Research,1997,69:1008
[18] David G.Wareham,Kenneth J.Hall and Donald S.Mavinic. Real-time Control of Waste water Treatment Systems Using ORP. Water Science Technology,1993,28(11-12):273-278
[19]刘占孟.电化学法处理高盐度染料中间体废水实验研究.山东轻工业学院学报,2005,19(4):30-34
[20] Lin-En Kuo, Melsheimer S S. Wastewater neutralization control using a neural network based model predictive controller. American Control Conference,1998,(6):3896-3899
[21]胡大可等.MSP430系列Flash型超低功耗16位单片机.北京航空航天大学出版社,2001,12
[22] MSP430X14X Mixed Signal Microcontroller. Texas Instrument,2000
[23] Song Guangwei, Hong Jun, Wang Zhanfeng, Song Zhiguang. Research on Modifying Technology for Data Collection Under MSP430 Micro-controller [J].Proceedings of the International Symposiumon Stand Measurement,2003,1:405-408
[24]沈建华,杨艳琴.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机实践与系统设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:119-120
[25]李宏,张家田.液晶显示器件应用技术.机械工业出版社,2004
[26] Physiological tools for irrigation scheduling in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): An open gate to improve water-use efficiency. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2005,2(106):159-170
[27]王君立,壮凌,檀慧明.液晶显示控制器的设计.液晶与显示,2003,18(2):125-129
[28] Ken Sakamura. Designing Low-power CPU.微处理机与微型计算机,1999,4(19)
[29]胡大可等.MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,1
[30]魏小龙等.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例.北京航空航天大学出版社,2002,11
[31] Application of a portable clamp-on ultrasonic flow meter in the water industry. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 1994, 6(5):191-194
[32]沈宝利.用超低功耗MSP430单片机设计数据采集系统.电子产品世界,2002,9:57-58
[33]马明建等.数据采集与处理技术.西安交通大学出版社,1998
[34] Azedine Charef,Antoine Ghzuch. Water quality monitoring using a smart sensing system. Measurement, 2000,28:219-224
[35] K.T.V. Grattan. Water quality monitoring-Technological advantages and potential developments in the use of fiber optic technology. Water science and technology,1999,12(37):247-253
[36]郭强.液晶显示应用基础.电子工业出版社,2000
[37]彭芳,张茂青,钱伟清,宦洪才.基于MSP430的智能仪表的LCD驱动设计.电子工程师,2006,8:41-43
[38]郑芬,桂武鸣.基于msp430的智能仪表的设计.邵阳学院学报,2006,3:46-47
[39]房小翠,王金凤.单片机实用系统设计技术.国防工业出版社,1999
[40]吴少军,刘光斌.实用低功耗设计——原理、器件与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003,67-159
[41]卢胜利.智能仪器设计与实现.重庆大学出版社,2003,6