硅肥用量及硅氮配施对夏玉米生长及抗逆性的影响
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摘要
本文利用田间试验,于2008和2009年分别研究了硅肥用量以及硅氮配施对玉米生长及抗逆性的影响。主要结果如下:
1.适量施硅有利于增加干物质积累和叶面积指数。硅肥用量在0～90kg/hm2之间,随着硅肥用量的增加干物质积累和叶面积指数均呈增加的趋势,其中以硅肥用量为90kg/hm2最优,当硅肥达到225kg/hm2时,干物质积累量反而低于不施硅的对照。
2.适量施硅有利于提高叶绿素荧光参数中的Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP三项指标,而降低NPQ值。施硅量在0～90kg/hm2之间,随着硅肥用量的增加叶片Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP均呈增加趋势,而NPQ呈下降趋势,其中施硅量90kg/hm2的处理与不施硅处理之间Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP、NPQ差异均达显著水平。在此基础上继续增加硅肥的施用,Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP则呈下降趋势,而NPQ则呈上升趋势。
3.适量施硅有利于增加近地面环状气生根数、第三茎节外皮厚、室内弯折强度、抗拉弯强度,但对株高、穗位高、重心高度等影响不大。硅肥用量在0～90kg/hm2之间,随着硅肥用量的增加茎皮厚度、室内弯折强度、抗拉强度呈增加趋势,其中以施硅90kg/hm2时上述各项指标与不施硅处理相比差异最大。过量施硅不利于提高植株的抗倒性能。
4.适量施用硅肥可增加穗长,降低秃尖长,增加穗粒数和提高百粒重,从而提高产量。不同硅肥用量处理,以施硅90 kg/hm2处理以穗长、穗数粒和百粒重的影响最佳,继续提高硅肥用量上述指标均下降,过量施硅对上述各项指标甚至有负的效应。
5.施硅肥量于0～90kg/hm2,增加硅肥施用有增加玉米籽粒淀粉含量和脂肪的含量的趋势,但也有降低籽粒蛋白质含量的趋势,但不同处理之间差异未达显著水平。
6.适量施用硅肥有助于降低因禾谷镰刀菌引起的夏玉米茎腐病的发病率,其中以施硅90kg/hm2处理效果最好,但当硅肥用量达225kg/hm2,施硅对该病的发病率则无明显的抑制作用。
7.干物重和叶面积系数不同氮水平之间和不同硅水平之间差异均达显著水平,但氮硅之间的效互效应未达显著水平。
8.植株株高、穗位高、重心高不同氮水平之间差异达显著水平,但不同硅水平之间差异未达显著水平。茎部第三茎节长不同氮水平和不同硅水平之间显异均未达显著水平;茎部第三茎节粗不同氮水平之间差异未达显著水平,但不同硅水平之间差异达显著水平;茎基部第三节茎皮厚、室内横折强度、室外抗拉强度不同氮水平之间和不同硅水平之间差异均达显著水平。但上述指标氮硅交互效应均不显著。
9.不同施氮处理之间穗长、穗秃尖长、穗粒数、百粒重、产量差异均达显著水平;不同硅水平之间穗秃尖长、百粒重、产量差异达显著水平,穗粒数、穗长差异均不显著;上述指标氮硅配合的交互效应亦不显著。
In this paper, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of silicon fertilizer and combination of silicon and nitrogen fertilizer on maize growth and stress resistance in 2007-2009. The main research results as follows:
1.The moderate amount silicon fertilizer is helps to increase the dry material accumulation and the leaf area index. Under 0~90kg/hm2 dosage, the dry material accumulation and the leaf area index has the trend to increase with the amount of silicon fertilizer, especially at 90kg/hm2 it reached the best effect, at 225kg/hm2, the dry material accumulation is lower than control.
2.The index Fv / Fm,ΦPSⅡ, qP of chlorophyll fluorescence has the trend to increased, but NPQ reversed under 0～90kg/hm2. significant difference were showed in Fv/Fm,φpsⅡ, qP, the NPQ at 90kg/hm2 treatment. Based on this situation, more silicon fertilizer, the index Fv/Fm,φpsⅡ, qP decrease instead, but NPQ increase sustained.
3.The moderate amount silicon fertilizer is beneficial to increases near-surface annular air root number, the third column thick-skinned, the indoor bend intensity, the anti-stretch forming intensity, but the height of the plant, the spike location and the center of gravity height received little influence. under 0~90kg/hm2, the stem thickness of skin, the indoor bend intensity, and the tensile strength appeared increase trend with the silicon. Particularly under 90kg/hm2, the above indexs will exist tremendous difference between control. Excessive fertilize even bring in negative impact on the above indicators.
4.Bald top length is decreased, ear length, kernel Number and 100-seed weight are increased in appropriate dosage of silicon fertilizer. Ear length, kernel Number and 100-seed weight reach best amount at 90 kg/hm2 treatment, more silicon fertilizer, all the index reversed.
5.Within the extent of 0~90kg/hm2, starch and fat of maize grain are increased with the silicon fertilizer application, and the grain protein reversed, but no significant differences are founded among different treatments.
6.Appropriate dosage of silicon fertilizer helps to reduce attack of stalk rot caused by Fursarium graminearum, the dosage 90kg/hm2 of silicon fertilizer is best treatment effect, especially, but when it reach 225kg/hm2, no obvious inhibition effect on attack of stalk rot was founded.
7. Dry weight and leaf area index showed significant difference between between the different nitrogen levels and different levels of silicon, but the effect of interaction between the nitrogen and silicon showed significant difference.
8. The difference of plant height, ear height, a height of gravity center showed significant between nitrogen levels were significant, but not between levels of silicon. The difference of the length of the third basical stem node were significant between nitrogen levels and significant differences between the different silicon levels .the difference of thickness of the the third basical was not significant between nitrogen levels but was significant between silicon levels. The difference of the thickness of the third basical stem bark , the cross-fold strength, tensile strength were significant among the levels of both nitrogen or silicon. The Interactive effect between the nitrogen and silicon of all the index above were not significant.
9. Difference of ear length, ear bald length, 100 grains weight, grain numbers per ear, yield were significant among the nitrogen treatments. Difference of the ear bald length, 100 grains weight, grain numbers per ear, yield were significant between the silicon levels. The Interactive effect between the nitrogen and silicon of all the index above were not significant.
1.适量施硅有利于增加干物质积累和叶面积指数。硅肥用量在0～90kg/hm2之间,随着硅肥用量的增加干物质积累和叶面积指数均呈增加的趋势,其中以硅肥用量为90kg/hm2最优,当硅肥达到225kg/hm2时,干物质积累量反而低于不施硅的对照。
2.适量施硅有利于提高叶绿素荧光参数中的Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP三项指标,而降低NPQ值。施硅量在0～90kg/hm2之间,随着硅肥用量的增加叶片Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP均呈增加趋势,而NPQ呈下降趋势,其中施硅量90kg/hm2的处理与不施硅处理之间Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP、NPQ差异均达显著水平。在此基础上继续增加硅肥的施用,Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP则呈下降趋势,而NPQ则呈上升趋势。
3.适量施硅有利于增加近地面环状气生根数、第三茎节外皮厚、室内弯折强度、抗拉弯强度,但对株高、穗位高、重心高度等影响不大。硅肥用量在0～90kg/hm2之间,随着硅肥用量的增加茎皮厚度、室内弯折强度、抗拉强度呈增加趋势,其中以施硅90kg/hm2时上述各项指标与不施硅处理相比差异最大。过量施硅不利于提高植株的抗倒性能。
4.适量施用硅肥可增加穗长,降低秃尖长,增加穗粒数和提高百粒重,从而提高产量。不同硅肥用量处理,以施硅90 kg/hm2处理以穗长、穗数粒和百粒重的影响最佳,继续提高硅肥用量上述指标均下降,过量施硅对上述各项指标甚至有负的效应。
5.施硅肥量于0～90kg/hm2,增加硅肥施用有增加玉米籽粒淀粉含量和脂肪的含量的趋势,但也有降低籽粒蛋白质含量的趋势,但不同处理之间差异未达显著水平。
6.适量施用硅肥有助于降低因禾谷镰刀菌引起的夏玉米茎腐病的发病率,其中以施硅90kg/hm2处理效果最好,但当硅肥用量达225kg/hm2,施硅对该病的发病率则无明显的抑制作用。
7.干物重和叶面积系数不同氮水平之间和不同硅水平之间差异均达显著水平,但氮硅之间的效互效应未达显著水平。
8.植株株高、穗位高、重心高不同氮水平之间差异达显著水平,但不同硅水平之间差异未达显著水平。茎部第三茎节长不同氮水平和不同硅水平之间显异均未达显著水平;茎部第三茎节粗不同氮水平之间差异未达显著水平,但不同硅水平之间差异达显著水平;茎基部第三节茎皮厚、室内横折强度、室外抗拉强度不同氮水平之间和不同硅水平之间差异均达显著水平。但上述指标氮硅交互效应均不显著。
9.不同施氮处理之间穗长、穗秃尖长、穗粒数、百粒重、产量差异均达显著水平;不同硅水平之间穗秃尖长、百粒重、产量差异达显著水平,穗粒数、穗长差异均不显著;上述指标氮硅配合的交互效应亦不显著。
In this paper, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of silicon fertilizer and combination of silicon and nitrogen fertilizer on maize growth and stress resistance in 2007-2009. The main research results as follows:
1.The moderate amount silicon fertilizer is helps to increase the dry material accumulation and the leaf area index. Under 0~90kg/hm2 dosage, the dry material accumulation and the leaf area index has the trend to increase with the amount of silicon fertilizer, especially at 90kg/hm2 it reached the best effect, at 225kg/hm2, the dry material accumulation is lower than control.
2.The index Fv / Fm,ΦPSⅡ, qP of chlorophyll fluorescence has the trend to increased, but NPQ reversed under 0～90kg/hm2. significant difference were showed in Fv/Fm,φpsⅡ, qP, the NPQ at 90kg/hm2 treatment. Based on this situation, more silicon fertilizer, the index Fv/Fm,φpsⅡ, qP decrease instead, but NPQ increase sustained.
3.The moderate amount silicon fertilizer is beneficial to increases near-surface annular air root number, the third column thick-skinned, the indoor bend intensity, the anti-stretch forming intensity, but the height of the plant, the spike location and the center of gravity height received little influence. under 0~90kg/hm2, the stem thickness of skin, the indoor bend intensity, and the tensile strength appeared increase trend with the silicon. Particularly under 90kg/hm2, the above indexs will exist tremendous difference between control. Excessive fertilize even bring in negative impact on the above indicators.
4.Bald top length is decreased, ear length, kernel Number and 100-seed weight are increased in appropriate dosage of silicon fertilizer. Ear length, kernel Number and 100-seed weight reach best amount at 90 kg/hm2 treatment, more silicon fertilizer, all the index reversed.
5.Within the extent of 0~90kg/hm2, starch and fat of maize grain are increased with the silicon fertilizer application, and the grain protein reversed, but no significant differences are founded among different treatments.
6.Appropriate dosage of silicon fertilizer helps to reduce attack of stalk rot caused by Fursarium graminearum, the dosage 90kg/hm2 of silicon fertilizer is best treatment effect, especially, but when it reach 225kg/hm2, no obvious inhibition effect on attack of stalk rot was founded.
7. Dry weight and leaf area index showed significant difference between between the different nitrogen levels and different levels of silicon, but the effect of interaction between the nitrogen and silicon showed significant difference.
8. The difference of plant height, ear height, a height of gravity center showed significant between nitrogen levels were significant, but not between levels of silicon. The difference of the length of the third basical stem node were significant between nitrogen levels and significant differences between the different silicon levels .the difference of thickness of the the third basical was not significant between nitrogen levels but was significant between silicon levels. The difference of the thickness of the third basical stem bark , the cross-fold strength, tensile strength were significant among the levels of both nitrogen or silicon. The Interactive effect between the nitrogen and silicon of all the index above were not significant.
9. Difference of ear length, ear bald length, 100 grains weight, grain numbers per ear, yield were significant among the nitrogen treatments. Difference of the ear bald length, 100 grains weight, grain numbers per ear, yield were significant between the silicon levels. The Interactive effect between the nitrogen and silicon of all the index above were not significant.
引文
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