水稻栽后根系发生和生长机制研究
|
摘要
以发根力有显著差异的杂交稻品种(组合)冈优22、Ⅱ优162和K优047等为材料,在四川雅安四川农业大学实验室、盆栽场和大兴镇大田进行了水培、盆栽和大田试验,研究了水稻秧苗发根力的影响因素,秧苗移栽后物质能量代谢、碳氮代谢、形态生理特征与根系发生和生长的关系,明确了秧苗移栽后发根的生理生态机制,并研究了育栽方式、秧龄、栽管方式和源库调节等对水稻栽后根系生长的调控技术。主要结果如下:
1.水稻秧苗发根力受到外界环境条件和自身营养生理特性的影响。秧苗移栽发根的下限温度是15℃,上限温度是40℃,从发根性状与温度所拟合的抛物线模型看,最适温度为30-31℃。秧苗在光强为0lx的处理下也能发根,但发根力大幅度降低,弱光对平均根长的抑制大,根数受到的抑制较小。干旱胁迫2d,秧苗发根能力急剧下降,胁迫3d时几乎不能发根。砂壤土有利于秧苗栽后发根,发根力显著高于重壤土。矿质营养元素中,适宜于发根的N素最佳浓度为40 mg/L NH_4NO_3、K~+浓度也以40mg/L最佳,20-80mg/L的KH_2PO_4均对新根发生有显著促进作用,且随培养时间的增加促进作用增强。
3个品种中,冈优22的发根力最强,K优047其次,Ⅱ优162较低;旱育秧的发根力强于湿润育秧和塑盘育秧;发根力性状,如单株根长、根数、根重均随秧龄增加而极显著地提高,主要原因在于不同品种、育秧方式和秧龄秧苗具有不同的秧苗素质,反映秧苗素质的性状如分蘖、茎鞘重、叶重等和发根力性状间具有良好的线性关系,回归方程的相关系数均达到了极显著水平。同时,秧苗器官去除对发根有显著影响,去除越多,发根力越弱。
秧苗根、茎、叶的氮含量与新发根数呈显著正相关,氮积累量与单株根长、根数和根重呈显著或极显著正相关。叶片可溶性糖含量与秧苗发根力各性状呈大小不等的负相关关系,茎鞘可溶性糖含量则呈正相关关系。根系淀粉酶活性与新发根单株根长、根重和根数呈显著或极显著正相关关系。茎鞘中的淀粉酶活性与发根节和根系中的ATPase活性有显著的相关性,根系AYPase活性与根比重的相关系数为0.8407,达到极显著水平。旱育秧苗的TTC还原率高于塑盘秧和湿润秧,根系抑制生长的激素ABA含量较低,而促进生长和细胞分裂的激素含量较高。根系ABA含量与单株根长呈显著负相关,而发根节和根系的GA含量均与发根力性状呈显著或极显著的正相关。
2.栽后初期茎鞘是秧苗主要的源,新根、分蘖、新叶是主要的库。栽后4d标记的茎鞘~3H同化物在标记10d后,有7.6%-9.8%用于新根发生,6.7%-15.0%用于主茎
By experiments of water, pot and field, three hybrid rice varieties of significant rooting ability difference, Gang You 22, II You 162 and K You 047, were used to study the influence factors of seedling rooting ability, and characteristics in matter and energy metabolism, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, root morphology and physiology as well as their relationships with seedling rooting and root growth after transplanting, in laboratory, pot place and DaXing town of Sichuan agricultural university. Physiology and ecological mechanism after rice seedling transplanting was found, and regulating technique were experimented, such as seedlings raised and transplanted methods, seedling ages, transplanting and water management methods, and different organs cutting off on root growth of rice after transplanting. The main results showed as follows:1. The RA (rooting ability) of rice was influenced by the external environmental conditions and rice nutrition and physiology characteristic. The lower and upper temperature was 15℃ and 40℃ separately for seedling rooting, and the fittest temperature was 30-31 ℃ from the parabola equation (y=ax~2+bx+c) of the properties of RA of seedling and temperatures fitted. Rice could root under 0 lux, but RA of seedling was reduced rapidly. Weak light restrained strongly the average root length, on the adverse to the number of root. At the water stress second day, RA of rice dropped rapidly, and root nearly rooted at the water stress third day. The RA of seedling that transplanted in sandy loam was higher significantly than that in heavy loam. As far as the nutrition elements, the fittest NH_4NO_3 and K~+ content were 40mg/L to seedling rooting, 20-80mg/L KH_2PO_4 promoted significantly seedling to root and the effect strengthened with the days of culturing increasing.Among the three varieties, the RA of GangYou22 was best strong, KYou047 secondly, and IIYou162 was the lowest. The RA of DSR (dry land seedling raising on beds) was stronger than WSR (wet land seedling raising on beds) and PSR (wet land seedling on plastic trays), which properties of RA of seedling was improved significantly as seedling age increasing, such as root length per plant, root number, root weight. Those main lay in seedling quality in different varieties, seedlings-raising ways and seedling ages. There were fine linear fit (y=ax+b) among the properties of seedling qualities, such as tiller number, DW (dry weight) of stem and sheath, DW of leaf, and properties of RA, and the correlation coefficient of the equation had reached to the highly significant level. Meanwhile, the RA was influenced significantly by the organs of seedling cutting off, and the more organs
cutting off, the weakest the RA of rice.The significant positive correlation was found between the NC (nitrogen content) of root, stem, leaf, and new root number. There were significant or highly significantly between NA (nitrogen accumulation) and root length per plant, root number, root weight. SSC (soluble sugar content) was correlated with properties of RA, SSC of leaf and it negatively, SSC of stem and it positively. The amylase activity of root was positive significant and highly significantly correlated with root length per plant, root weight and root number. There was significant correlation between amylase activity of stem and sheath and ATPase activity of rooting joint and root, furthermore, the correlation coefficient of ATPase activity of root and RDW/PDW was 0.8407**(significantly correlation). The root vigor of DSR was higher than WSR and PSR, which ABA content of root was lower, while the content of endogenous hormone promoting growth and cell fission was higher than that of WSR and PSR. There was significant negative correlation between ABA content of root and root per plant, significant or highly significantly correlation between GA content of rooting joint, root and properties of RA.2. In initial stage after transplanting, the stem and sheath was the main source organs of seedling, and new root, tillers and new leaf were the main sink organs. After 10 days of label, 7.6%-9.8% 3H assimilates of stem and sheath labeled at 4d after transplanting was used in new root rooting and growing, 6.7%-15.6% in new leaf of main stem, and 6.9%-9.9% in the stem and leaf of tillers. After 30 days of label, about 12% 3H assimilates of stem and sheath labeled at 4d after transplanting was distributed to new root, and 10%-14% to the stem and leaf of tillers. The 3H assimilates of redistribution during 10-30d of label came from stem and sheath of main stem, and was imported to tillers and new root. After the rice seedling turned green and survives, the leaf as source organs exported photosynthetic production to other organs. At 20d after transplanting, there was 19%-28% 3H assimilates of leaf labeled after lOd of label used in new leaf of main stem growing, and about 4.6%-13.4% in tiller growing, moreover, still 3%-5% in new root growing.In earlier stage after transplanting in the field, both DW accumulation dynamics of root and top part could well be fitted for the index model (y=aebx). At the same time, DW of root could well fit for the linear model with DW of stem and sheath, DW of leaf, DW of rooting joint and DW of top part, their correlation coefficient (R2) was all above 0.95 (0.01 significant correlation). DW of root system increased fast after elongating stage and was up to apex between booting stage and heading stage, and then dropped slowly. The DW of root of CTTR (Conventional tillage transplanting rice) was higher than that of CTCTR (Conventional tillage cast-transplanting rice) and NTSCTR (No-tillage with high standing stubbles cast-transplanting rice) before heading, but it was the lowest in three tillage and cultivation methods after heading. Among the three varieties, DW of root of Gangyou22
was the highest, and that of Kyou047 was the lowest.3. During 40d after transplanting, NA tendency of root system and top part increased accord to the index model. There was significant positive correlation between NC of stem and sheath, rooting joint, and root system and DW of root system, but NC of leaf was highly significant negative correlation with DW of root system. Moreover, NA dynamics of all organs assumed good consistency with DW of root system, their positive correlation were significant. The SSC of stem and sheath, and rooting joint was significant positive correlated with DW of root system, but SSC of leaf and root was significant negative correlation with DW of root system. NA dynamics of plant in growth duration was well fit for logistic (y=a/(l+be'cx)) equations, all of the relation coefficients R2 of the equation were above 0.988, meanwhile, there were significant positive correlation between NA and DW of root, while the growth stage was more early, the relation coefficients was higher. From elongating stage to mature stage, SSC of stem and sheath, and rooting joint was significant correlated with DW of root respectively, further, SSC of stem and sheath was significant positive correlated with SSC of rooting joint and root, therefore, SSC of rooting joint and root stemmed from the export of stem and sheath.There was significant correlation between the amylase activity of stem and sheath and DW of root in 15d after transplanting. Meanwhile, the amylase activity of stem and sheath was significant positive correlated with ATPase activity of rooting joint, therefore, the decomposition of starch of stem and sheath had important function to strengthen the ATPase activity of rooting joint. The ATPase activity of NTSCTR was the highest in three tillage and cultivation methods, but the root vigor of CTCTR was higher than that of other two tillage and cultivation methods. Among three varieties, the root vigor of II you 162 was the lowest.Among three tillage and cultivation methods, the effective panicles of CTTR and CTCTR were higher than that of NTSCTR, which assumed good consistency of root growth and tillers dynamics in growth duration. From the Richards equation for the grain filling, there was little difference of superior grain filling dynamics about three tillage and cultivation methods, but the inferior grain weight of NTSCTR was the highest, and that of CTTR was the lowest. Therefore, the yield of CTTR was the highest due to more effective panicles and next was NTSCTR lay in higher grains per panicle and grain weight.4. In the conditions of NTSCTR, the root number, DW of root, and root length in cast-transplanting rice by DSR were higher that of cast-transplanting rice by PSR, at the same times, its root vigor and ATPase activity was higher too. All of the root length per plant, DW of root and root number decreased while seedling age was shorter, at the same time, the root vigor and ATPase activity of long-age seedling was higher in initial stage (lOd) after transplanting, but after 20d after transplanting, the short-age seedling displayed
the superiority of physiology.Under heavy loam with sulfide, the root length per plant and DW of root in the transplanting rice was very low and the root system displayed black for the rooting joint was dept in soil, otherwise, the damage of cast-transplanting rice was relatively light for the rooting joint uncovered. The root length per root of cast-transplanting rice with water stress grew fast and its length was longer than other treatments, but the root number of that was less than others. The root length, root number and DW of root system of cast-transplanting rice with straw mulching were the highest in four treatments. The root vigor of transplanting rice and cast-transplanting rice in deeper water whose root system was poisoned by soil was higher than others, but the ATPase activity of rooting joint and root system of seedling with water stress was the highest in the treatments.The treatment of reduction sink (tillers cutting off) was stronger in root system growing in 20d of transplanting, and it's root vigor, amylase activity of stem and sheath and ATPase activity of root system were higher than CK too. Otherwise, the treatments of reduction source (leaf cutting off and half upper stem cutting off) and reduction both of source and sink (root and leaf cutting off, root and leaf and tiller cutting off, root and half upper stem cutting off etc.) was restrained obviously to root system growing, and their new root length, root number and DW were largely less than CK.
1.水稻秧苗发根力受到外界环境条件和自身营养生理特性的影响。秧苗移栽发根的下限温度是15℃,上限温度是40℃,从发根性状与温度所拟合的抛物线模型看,最适温度为30-31℃。秧苗在光强为0lx的处理下也能发根,但发根力大幅度降低,弱光对平均根长的抑制大,根数受到的抑制较小。干旱胁迫2d,秧苗发根能力急剧下降,胁迫3d时几乎不能发根。砂壤土有利于秧苗栽后发根,发根力显著高于重壤土。矿质营养元素中,适宜于发根的N素最佳浓度为40 mg/L NH_4NO_3、K~+浓度也以40mg/L最佳,20-80mg/L的KH_2PO_4均对新根发生有显著促进作用,且随培养时间的增加促进作用增强。
3个品种中,冈优22的发根力最强,K优047其次,Ⅱ优162较低;旱育秧的发根力强于湿润育秧和塑盘育秧;发根力性状,如单株根长、根数、根重均随秧龄增加而极显著地提高,主要原因在于不同品种、育秧方式和秧龄秧苗具有不同的秧苗素质,反映秧苗素质的性状如分蘖、茎鞘重、叶重等和发根力性状间具有良好的线性关系,回归方程的相关系数均达到了极显著水平。同时,秧苗器官去除对发根有显著影响,去除越多,发根力越弱。
秧苗根、茎、叶的氮含量与新发根数呈显著正相关,氮积累量与单株根长、根数和根重呈显著或极显著正相关。叶片可溶性糖含量与秧苗发根力各性状呈大小不等的负相关关系,茎鞘可溶性糖含量则呈正相关关系。根系淀粉酶活性与新发根单株根长、根重和根数呈显著或极显著正相关关系。茎鞘中的淀粉酶活性与发根节和根系中的ATPase活性有显著的相关性,根系AYPase活性与根比重的相关系数为0.8407,达到极显著水平。旱育秧苗的TTC还原率高于塑盘秧和湿润秧,根系抑制生长的激素ABA含量较低,而促进生长和细胞分裂的激素含量较高。根系ABA含量与单株根长呈显著负相关,而发根节和根系的GA含量均与发根力性状呈显著或极显著的正相关。
2.栽后初期茎鞘是秧苗主要的源,新根、分蘖、新叶是主要的库。栽后4d标记的茎鞘~3H同化物在标记10d后,有7.6%-9.8%用于新根发生,6.7%-15.0%用于主茎
By experiments of water, pot and field, three hybrid rice varieties of significant rooting ability difference, Gang You 22, II You 162 and K You 047, were used to study the influence factors of seedling rooting ability, and characteristics in matter and energy metabolism, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, root morphology and physiology as well as their relationships with seedling rooting and root growth after transplanting, in laboratory, pot place and DaXing town of Sichuan agricultural university. Physiology and ecological mechanism after rice seedling transplanting was found, and regulating technique were experimented, such as seedlings raised and transplanted methods, seedling ages, transplanting and water management methods, and different organs cutting off on root growth of rice after transplanting. The main results showed as follows:1. The RA (rooting ability) of rice was influenced by the external environmental conditions and rice nutrition and physiology characteristic. The lower and upper temperature was 15℃ and 40℃ separately for seedling rooting, and the fittest temperature was 30-31 ℃ from the parabola equation (y=ax~2+bx+c) of the properties of RA of seedling and temperatures fitted. Rice could root under 0 lux, but RA of seedling was reduced rapidly. Weak light restrained strongly the average root length, on the adverse to the number of root. At the water stress second day, RA of rice dropped rapidly, and root nearly rooted at the water stress third day. The RA of seedling that transplanted in sandy loam was higher significantly than that in heavy loam. As far as the nutrition elements, the fittest NH_4NO_3 and K~+ content were 40mg/L to seedling rooting, 20-80mg/L KH_2PO_4 promoted significantly seedling to root and the effect strengthened with the days of culturing increasing.Among the three varieties, the RA of GangYou22 was best strong, KYou047 secondly, and IIYou162 was the lowest. The RA of DSR (dry land seedling raising on beds) was stronger than WSR (wet land seedling raising on beds) and PSR (wet land seedling on plastic trays), which properties of RA of seedling was improved significantly as seedling age increasing, such as root length per plant, root number, root weight. Those main lay in seedling quality in different varieties, seedlings-raising ways and seedling ages. There were fine linear fit (y=ax+b) among the properties of seedling qualities, such as tiller number, DW (dry weight) of stem and sheath, DW of leaf, and properties of RA, and the correlation coefficient of the equation had reached to the highly significant level. Meanwhile, the RA was influenced significantly by the organs of seedling cutting off, and the more organs
cutting off, the weakest the RA of rice.The significant positive correlation was found between the NC (nitrogen content) of root, stem, leaf, and new root number. There were significant or highly significantly between NA (nitrogen accumulation) and root length per plant, root number, root weight. SSC (soluble sugar content) was correlated with properties of RA, SSC of leaf and it negatively, SSC of stem and it positively. The amylase activity of root was positive significant and highly significantly correlated with root length per plant, root weight and root number. There was significant correlation between amylase activity of stem and sheath and ATPase activity of rooting joint and root, furthermore, the correlation coefficient of ATPase activity of root and RDW/PDW was 0.8407**(significantly correlation). The root vigor of DSR was higher than WSR and PSR, which ABA content of root was lower, while the content of endogenous hormone promoting growth and cell fission was higher than that of WSR and PSR. There was significant negative correlation between ABA content of root and root per plant, significant or highly significantly correlation between GA content of rooting joint, root and properties of RA.2. In initial stage after transplanting, the stem and sheath was the main source organs of seedling, and new root, tillers and new leaf were the main sink organs. After 10 days of label, 7.6%-9.8% 3H assimilates of stem and sheath labeled at 4d after transplanting was used in new root rooting and growing, 6.7%-15.6% in new leaf of main stem, and 6.9%-9.9% in the stem and leaf of tillers. After 30 days of label, about 12% 3H assimilates of stem and sheath labeled at 4d after transplanting was distributed to new root, and 10%-14% to the stem and leaf of tillers. The 3H assimilates of redistribution during 10-30d of label came from stem and sheath of main stem, and was imported to tillers and new root. After the rice seedling turned green and survives, the leaf as source organs exported photosynthetic production to other organs. At 20d after transplanting, there was 19%-28% 3H assimilates of leaf labeled after lOd of label used in new leaf of main stem growing, and about 4.6%-13.4% in tiller growing, moreover, still 3%-5% in new root growing.In earlier stage after transplanting in the field, both DW accumulation dynamics of root and top part could well be fitted for the index model (y=aebx). At the same time, DW of root could well fit for the linear model with DW of stem and sheath, DW of leaf, DW of rooting joint and DW of top part, their correlation coefficient (R2) was all above 0.95 (0.01 significant correlation). DW of root system increased fast after elongating stage and was up to apex between booting stage and heading stage, and then dropped slowly. The DW of root of CTTR (Conventional tillage transplanting rice) was higher than that of CTCTR (Conventional tillage cast-transplanting rice) and NTSCTR (No-tillage with high standing stubbles cast-transplanting rice) before heading, but it was the lowest in three tillage and cultivation methods after heading. Among the three varieties, DW of root of Gangyou22
was the highest, and that of Kyou047 was the lowest.3. During 40d after transplanting, NA tendency of root system and top part increased accord to the index model. There was significant positive correlation between NC of stem and sheath, rooting joint, and root system and DW of root system, but NC of leaf was highly significant negative correlation with DW of root system. Moreover, NA dynamics of all organs assumed good consistency with DW of root system, their positive correlation were significant. The SSC of stem and sheath, and rooting joint was significant positive correlated with DW of root system, but SSC of leaf and root was significant negative correlation with DW of root system. NA dynamics of plant in growth duration was well fit for logistic (y=a/(l+be'cx)) equations, all of the relation coefficients R2 of the equation were above 0.988, meanwhile, there were significant positive correlation between NA and DW of root, while the growth stage was more early, the relation coefficients was higher. From elongating stage to mature stage, SSC of stem and sheath, and rooting joint was significant correlated with DW of root respectively, further, SSC of stem and sheath was significant positive correlated with SSC of rooting joint and root, therefore, SSC of rooting joint and root stemmed from the export of stem and sheath.There was significant correlation between the amylase activity of stem and sheath and DW of root in 15d after transplanting. Meanwhile, the amylase activity of stem and sheath was significant positive correlated with ATPase activity of rooting joint, therefore, the decomposition of starch of stem and sheath had important function to strengthen the ATPase activity of rooting joint. The ATPase activity of NTSCTR was the highest in three tillage and cultivation methods, but the root vigor of CTCTR was higher than that of other two tillage and cultivation methods. Among three varieties, the root vigor of II you 162 was the lowest.Among three tillage and cultivation methods, the effective panicles of CTTR and CTCTR were higher than that of NTSCTR, which assumed good consistency of root growth and tillers dynamics in growth duration. From the Richards equation for the grain filling, there was little difference of superior grain filling dynamics about three tillage and cultivation methods, but the inferior grain weight of NTSCTR was the highest, and that of CTTR was the lowest. Therefore, the yield of CTTR was the highest due to more effective panicles and next was NTSCTR lay in higher grains per panicle and grain weight.4. In the conditions of NTSCTR, the root number, DW of root, and root length in cast-transplanting rice by DSR were higher that of cast-transplanting rice by PSR, at the same times, its root vigor and ATPase activity was higher too. All of the root length per plant, DW of root and root number decreased while seedling age was shorter, at the same time, the root vigor and ATPase activity of long-age seedling was higher in initial stage (lOd) after transplanting, but after 20d after transplanting, the short-age seedling displayed
the superiority of physiology.Under heavy loam with sulfide, the root length per plant and DW of root in the transplanting rice was very low and the root system displayed black for the rooting joint was dept in soil, otherwise, the damage of cast-transplanting rice was relatively light for the rooting joint uncovered. The root length per root of cast-transplanting rice with water stress grew fast and its length was longer than other treatments, but the root number of that was less than others. The root length, root number and DW of root system of cast-transplanting rice with straw mulching were the highest in four treatments. The root vigor of transplanting rice and cast-transplanting rice in deeper water whose root system was poisoned by soil was higher than others, but the ATPase activity of rooting joint and root system of seedling with water stress was the highest in the treatments.The treatment of reduction sink (tillers cutting off) was stronger in root system growing in 20d of transplanting, and it's root vigor, amylase activity of stem and sheath and ATPase activity of root system were higher than CK too. Otherwise, the treatments of reduction source (leaf cutting off and half upper stem cutting off) and reduction both of source and sink (root and leaf cutting off, root and leaf and tiller cutting off, root and half upper stem cutting off etc.) was restrained obviously to root system growing, and their new root length, root number and DW were largely less than CK.
引文
1.潘晓华,王永锐,傅家瑞.水稻根系生长生理的研究进展.植物学通报,1996,13(2):13-20
2.石庆华,李木英,徐益群等.水稻根系特征与地上部关系的研究初报.江西农业大学学报,1995,17(2):110-115
3.吴伟明,宋祥甫,邹国燕.利用水上栽培方法研究水稻根系.中国水稻科学,2000,14(3):189-192
4.董桂春,王余龙,吴华等.供氮浓度对水稻根系生长的影响.江苏农业研究,2001,22(4):9-13
5. Blakely LM, Durham M, Evans TA and Blakely RM. Experimental studies on laeral root formations in radish seeding roots. Ⅰ. general methods, developmental stages and spontaneous formation of laterals. Bot. Gaz. 1982, 143(3): 341-352
6. Beeckman T, Burssens S and Inze D. The peri-eell-cycle in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2001, 52: 403-411
7. Lloret PG, Casero PJ, Pulgarin A and Navascues J. The behavious of two cell populations in the pericycle of Allium cepa, Pisu sativum and Daucus carota during early lateral root development. Ann. Bot. 1989, 63: 465-475
8. Doerner P. Cell cycle regulation in plants. Plant Phsiol. 1994, 106: 823-827
9. Doerner P, Jrgensen JE, You R, et al. Control of root growth and development by cyclin expression. Nature, 1996, 380: 520-523
10.山本由德著,余海清译.关于植物根的若干问题—水稻秧苗的发根与成活.绵阳经济技术高等专科学校学报,1997,14(1):99-105
11.徐富贤,郑家奎,朱永川等.杂交中稻发根力与抽穗开花期抗旱性关系的研究.作物学报,2003,29(2):188-193
12.戴其根,苏宝林等.抛秧水稻生长发育与产量形成的生态生理机制—Ⅰ.活棵立苗及其生态生理特点.作物学报,2001,27(3):278-285
13.温怀楠,赵建平.水稻旱育秧的发根力优势及对地上部植株生育特点的影响.浙江农业科学,2000(1):1-5
14.童富淡,胡家恕,陈进红等.不同育秧方式对早稻叶片SOD活性、电解质渗透率和发根力的影响.浙江农业大学学报,1997,23(6):682-686
15.姚月良,王建平,周家麟等.机插水稻根系生长特点的初步研究.江苏农业科学,1992(1):15-17
16.川田信一郎著,申廷秀等译.水稻的根系.农业出版社,1984.
17. Harada J, Yamazaki K, McMichael BL, et al. Morphological aspects of root systems in rice plants, In: plant roots and their environment, Proceedings of an ISSR symposium, 1991, 456-462
18. Morita S, Yamada S, Ade J. Analysis of root system morphology in rice with references at the ripening stage. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1995, 64(1): 58-65
19.凌启鸿,陆卫平,蔡建中等.水稻根系分布与叶角关系的研究初报.作物学报,1989, 15(2):123-131
20.吴伟明,宋祥甫,孙宗修等.不同类型水稻的根系分布特征比较.中国水稻科学,2001,15(4):276-280
21.蔡昆争,骆世明,段舜山.水稻根系的空间分布及其与产量的关系.华南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(3):1-4
22.朱德峰,林贤青,曹卫星.水稻根系生长及其对土壤紧密度的反应.应用生态学报,2002,13(1):60-62
23.张玉屏,朱德峰,林贤青.田间条件下水稻根系分布及其与土壤容重的关系.中国水稻科学,2003,17(2):141-144
24.川岛长治.水稻根系形成的研究.日本作物学会纪事,1988,57(1):8-18
25.王余龙,姚友礼,刘宝玉等.不同生育时期氮素供应水平对杂交水稻根系生长及其活力的影响.作物学报,1997,23(6):699-706
26.王余龙,蔡建中,何杰升等.水稻颖花根活量与籽粒灌浆结实的关系.作物学报,1992,18(2):81-88
27.陈健.籼粳稻及其杂交育成种根系的比较研究.沈阳农业大学学报,1990,22(增刊):99-105
28.石庆华.杂交水稻大穗型品种根系生长特征影响产量形成的研究补报.江西农业大学学报,1984,212-238
29.李季能,刘建萍,欧阳颔等.杂交水稻的根系优势.江西农业学报,1998,10(增刊):5-8
30.杨肖娥,孙羲.连晚杂交水稻根系生理特性的研究.杂交水稻国际学术讨论会论文集,1986
31.蔡永萍,杨其光.水稻水作与旱作对抽穗后剑叶光合特性,衰老和根系活性的影响.中国水稻科学,2000,14(4):219-224
32.岳寿松,于振文,余松烈.小麦旗叶与根系衰老的研究.作物学报,1996,22(1):55-58
33.姜东,于振文,苏波等.不同施氮时期对冬小麦根系衰老的影响.作物学报,1997,23(2):181-190
34.孙静文,陈温福,曾雅琴等.氮素水平对粳稻根系形态及其活力的影响.沈阳农业大学学报,2003,34(5):344-346
35. Yoshida T. Climate and Rice, 1976, 185-205
36. Osaki M, Iyoda M, Yamada S, et al. Effect of mutual shading on carbon distribution in rice plant. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1995, 41(2): 235-244
37. Yamaguchi T, Tsuno Y, Nakano J, et al. Relationship between root respiration and silica: calcium ratio and ammonium concentration in bleeding sap from stem of rice plants during the ripening stage. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1995, 64(3): 529-536
38. Mawaki M, Morita S, Suta T, et al. Effect of shading on root system morphology and grain yield of rice plants, I. An analysis on root length density. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1990, 59(1): 89-94
39. Mawaki M, Harada J, Iwata T, et al. Effect of shading on root system morphology and grain yield of rice plants, Ⅱ. An analysis on primary roots. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1990, 59(1): 96-99
40. Morita S, Yamazaki K. Effects of light conditions on growth angle of rice roots grown with leaf-cutting method. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1992, 61(1): 689-690
41. Tsuno Y, Yamaguchi T. Adaptive regulation of photosynthesis in rice to weak light conditions and the contribution of root activity to the regulation mechanism. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1989, 58(1): 74-83
42. Tatsumi J, Kono Y. Effect of shading on alpha-naphthylamine oxidation by the root system of rice. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1983, 52(1): 104-105
43.撰二郎,河野恭广.水稻地上部遮光对根系α-萘胺氧化力的影响.日本作物学会纪事,1983,52(1):104-105
44.倪文.光对秧苗根系生长及其生理活性的影响.作物学报,1983,9(3):199-203
45.吴岳轩,吴振球.土壤温度对亚种间杂交稻根系生长发育和代谢活性的影响.湖南农学院学报,1995,21(3):218-225
46. Nielsen KF. Roots and root temperature. In: Carson ED (ed.), The plant root and its environment. Charlottesvill(USA): The University Press of Virgminia, 1974, 234-293
47. Sasari Q. Effect of high water-temperature on the morphology of crown roots and leaf in rice plants. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1992, 61 (3): 385-390
48.肖参明,柯玉诗,黄继茂等.犁底层容重对水稻生长的影响研究.广东农业科学,1996(2):25-28
49.林文,何书峰.不同处理对水稻根系形态及机能的影响.福建稻麦科技,2000,18(4):5-7
50.何芳禄.早籼杂交稻根系生理特性的研究.植物生理学通讯,1980(5):17-21
51.吴岳轩,吴振球.丁酸对杂交水稻根系代谢活性及叶片衰老的影响.杂交水稻,1991(4):29-34
52.程柄篙主编.土壤环境条件对植物根系生长发育的影响.见:植物生理与农业研究.北京:中国农业出版社,1995:96-98
53.何芳禄,王明全.水稻根系的生长生理.植物生理学通讯,1986(3):21-25
54.程建峰,潘晓云,刘宜柏.土壤条件对陆稻根系生长的影响,土壤学报,2002,39(4):590-597
55.高明,车福才,魏朝富等.垄作免耕稻田水稻根系生长状况的研究.土壤通报,1998,29(5):236-238
56.张玉屏,李金才,黄义德等.水分胁迫对水稻根系生长和部分生理特性的影响.安微农业科学,2001,29(1):58-59
57. Smucker AJM, Aiken RM. Dynamic root responses to water deficits. Soil Science, 1992, 154(4): 281-289
58.凌启鸿,张国平,朱庆森等.水稻根系对水分和养分的反应.江苏农学院学报,1990,11(1):23-28
59.张爱良,苗果园,王建东.作物根系与水分的关系.作物研究,1997(2):4-7
60. Bano A, Dorffling K, Bettin D, et al. Abscisic acid and cytokinins as possible root-to-shoot signals in xylem sap of rice plants in drying soil. Australian Journal of plant physiology, 1993, 20(1): 109-115
61 Morita S, Iwabuchi A and Yamazaki K. Relationships between the growth direction of primary roots and shoot growth in rice plants. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1987, 56: 530-535
62. Abe J, Songmuang P, Harada J. Root growth of paddy rice with fertilization of organic materials in Thailand. Japanese Agricultural Research Quarterly, 1994
63、Hayamik K.耐肥高产水稻品种的生理和生态特性研究,3.根分布,吸收和养分吸收.日本东北农业试验研究报告,1983(68):45-68
64. Tanaka S, Yamanchi A, Kono Y. Root system morphology of four cultivars: response of different component roots to nitrogen application. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1995, 64(1): 148-155
64.蔡昆争,骆世明,段舜山.水稻根系在根袋处理条件下对氮养分的反应.生态学报,2003,23(6):1109-1116
65. Kujira Y. The effect of cultivation conditions on the root system of Koshihidari. Agriculture and Horticulture, 1990, 65(10): 1193-1195
66.王人潮.水稻营养综合诊断及其应用.浙江科学技术出版社,1982:83-89
67.郭朝晖,张杨珠,黄见良等.磷对杂交水稻根系特性与养分吸收的影响.湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,27(5):350-354
68. Kirk GJD, Du L. Changes in rice root architecture, porosity, and oxygen and proton release under phosphorus deficiency. New phytologist, 1997, 135(2): 191-200
69. Ni JJ, Wu P, Lou AC, et al. Rice seedling tolerance to phosphorus stress in solution culture and soil. Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems, 1998, 51 (2): 95-99
70.李峰,潘晓华,刘永英等.低磷胁迫对不同水稻品种根系形态和养分吸收的影响.作物学报,2004,30(5):438-442
71.徐耀恒.水稻的钾肥效应及其施用技术.浙江农业科学,1984(3):118-122
72.陈际型.钾素营养对水稻根系生长和养分吸收的影响.土壤学报,1997,34(2):182-188
73.彭克勤,彭志红,萧浪涛等.水稻耐低钾变异后代的根系生理研究.中国农学通报,2003,19(5):64-66
74. Sheurdzhen A. Kh. Alteration of physiological activity of rice system as affected by mierofertilizers. Soviet Agricultural Science, 1992, 6: 10-13
75.梁建生,曹显祖.杂交水稻叶片的若干生理指标与根系伤流强度关系.江苏农学院学报,1993,14(4):25-30
76.白书农,肖翊华.近年来水稻根系生理研究的几个特点.植物生理学通讯,1986,4:18-22
77.王永锐,李小林.免少耕水稻的根系活力和叶片衰老研究.耕作与栽培,1992(4):31-34
78.岳文元.应用~(32)p研究不同耕作法种植水稻的根系分布.核农学报,1994,8(2):119-122
79.王化新,付淑惠,张仲良等.两系亚种杂交稻根系活力和磷素分配与籽粒充实度的研究.核农学报,1997,11(1):31-38
80.沈波,王熹.籼粳亚种间杂交稻根系伤流强度的变化规律及其与叶片生理状况的相互关系.中国水稻科学,2000,14(2):122-124
81. Yoahida R, Uritani T. Cytokinin glucoside in roots of the rice plant. Plant Cell Physiol, 1972, 13: 337-343
82. Murofushi N, Inoue A, Watanabe N, et al. Identification of cytokinins in root exudates of the rice plant. Plant Cell Physiol, 1985, 24(1): 87-92
83.沈波,王熹.两个亚种间杂交稻组合的根系生理活性.中国水稻科学,2002,16(2):146-150
84.沈波,平霄飞,汤富彬等.高压液相色谱法检测水稻根系伤流液中细胞分裂素类物质.中国水稻科学,2004,18(4):362-364
85.杨建昌,彭少兵,顾世梁等.水稻结实期籽粒和根系中玉米素与玉米素核苷含量的变化及其与籽粒充实的关系.作物学报,2001,27(1):35-42
86.丁艳峰,王强盛,王绍华等.水稻旱育秧与湿润秧苗根系生理活性的比较研究.南京农业大学学报,2001,24(3):1-5
87. Charlton WA. Lateral root initiation. In plant roots: the hidden half (Waisel Y, Eshel A and Kafkafi U eds.) 2th edition. Marcel Dekker pp149-173
88. Rashotte AM, Brady SR, Reed RC, et al. Basipetal auxin transport is required for gravitropism in roots of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol, 2000, 122: 481-491
89. Casimiro I, Marchant A, Bhalrao RP, et al. Auxin transport promotes Arabidopsis lateral root initiation. Plant Cell, 13: 843-852
90. Wang SC, Ichii M, Taketa S, et al. Effect ofjasmonic acid on lateral root formation in rice seedling. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2002, 44(4): 502-504
91.华泽田,陈温福,王彦荣等.萘乙酸和烯效唑对超级杂交粳稻辽优3225根系生理活性的影响.中国水稻科学,2004,18(3):229-233
92.巫建华,龚荐,罗时石.小麦根系物质流示踪研究.核农学报,1992,6(3):147-152
93.张浩,龚荐,罗时石.再生稻根系物质流示踪研究.江苏农学院学报,1991,12(3):25-28
94.张浩,龚荐,罗时石.再生稻叶片同化物质流的示踪研究.核农学通报,1991,12(4):172-175
95. Tatsumi T, et al. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1981, 50(3): 302-310
96.Naomichi Tanaka等著,胡为涛译.水稻秧苗素质(尤指淀粉酶活性)与其发根力的关系.丽水农业科技,1992(2):13-14,28
97.刘军,黄华,付华等.水稻免耕抛秧高产稳产的生理基础研究.中国农业科学,2002,35(2):152-156
98.付华,陆秀明.免耕抛秧稻籽粒灌浆结实特性的研究.广东农业科学,2000(5):11-13
99.张宪政.作物生理研究法.北京:农业出版社,1992
100.邹主编.植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业出版社,2000
101.熊庆娥主编.植物生理学实验教程.四川科学技术出版社,2003
102.张志良主编.植物生理学实验指导.高等教育出版社,2001
103.陈季楚,傅婉华.叶片细胞的膜束缚ATP酶活性的测定.细胞生物学杂志,1983,5(3):21-24
104.赫冬梅,胡国公,穆琳.烟草内源激素的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定.烟草科技,2000(5):41-42
105.赵利辉.刘友良.冷胁迫对水稻幼苗根系液泡膜质子泵的伤害及钙的调节作用.南京农业大学学报,2000,23(3):5～8
106.陈亚华,沈振国,刘友良.低温、高pH胁迫对水稻幼苗根系质膜、液泡膜ATP酶活性的影响.植物生理学报,2000,26(5):407～412
107.于贵瑞,王伯伦,刘新安等.高产水稻群体根系空间分布数学模型的研究.辽宁农业科学,1993.(1):19～24
108. Okada K, Kondo M, Ando H. Phosphorus application affects root length distribution and water uptake of upland rice in a column experiment. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2004, 50 (2): 257～261
109.李海波,夏铭,吴平.低磷胁迫对水稻苗期侧根生长及养分吸收的影响.植物学报,2001,43(11):1154～1160
110.赵言文,丁艳峰,陈留根等.水稻旱育秧苗抗旱生理特性研究.中国农业科学,2001,34(3):283-291
111.张永泰,吴怀恂,王忠等.水稻育秧环境对秧苗生长的影响.中国水稻科学,1999,13(2):86-90
112. Yamamato Y. Studies on transplanting injury in rice plant: Ⅶ. Effect of antitranspirant and irrigation water depth on the transplanting injury, rooting and early growth. (JPN) Res. Rep. Kochi Univ., 1990, 39: 35-47
113. Yamamato Y, Matsumoto T. Studies on transplanting injury in rice plant: Ⅷ. Effect of transplanting on the relationship between leaf emergence rate and rooting of seedling. (JPN) Res. Rep. Kochi Univ.,1990, 39: 49-56
114. Yamamato Y, Matsumoto T. Studies on transplanting injury in rice plant: Ⅵ. Effect of transplanting on the morphological changes of new leaf and roots of seedlings after transplanting. (JPN) Res. Rep. Kochi Univ., 1990, 39: 57-63
115. Yamamato Y, Hisano K. Studies on transplanting injury in rice plant: Ⅹ. Competition among seedlings with different earliness of seedlings establishment for the growth and yield. (JPN) Res. Rep. Kochi Univ., 1990, 39: 65-74
116.王夫玉,张洪程,黄丕生.水稻盐粳187的群体植伤研究.上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),21(1):13-16
117.山崎去.微量要素多量要素.东京:博友社,1975:12-18
118.王忠主编.植物生理学.北京:中国农业出版社.2000,2
119.荣湘民,刘强,朱红梅.水稻的源库关系及碳、氮代谢的研究进展.中国水稻科学,1998,12(增刊):63-69
120.张洪程,王夫玉.中国水稻群体研究进展.中国水稻科学,2001,15(1):51-56
121.凌启鸿主编.作物群体质量.上海科学技术出版社,2000
122.王志琴,杨建昌,朱庆森等.水稻抽穗期茎鞘中贮藏的可用性糖与籽粒充实的关系.江苏农学院学报,1997,18(4):13-17
123.梁建生,曹显祖,张海燕等.水稻籽粒灌浆期间茎鞘贮藏物质含量变化及其影响因素研究.中国水稻科学,1994,8(3):151-156
124.李潮海,刘奎,连艳鲜.玉米碳氮代谢研究进展.河南农业大学学报,2000,34(4):318-323
125.王永锐.水稻品种生育中期在不同氮水平条件下的谷粒产量和氮素积累.华南农学院学报,1982.3(3):41-45
126. Jen Hsien W, Tomoshiro T, Waichi A, et al. Studies on dry matter and grain production of fice plant. Ⅰ. Influence of the reserved carbohydrate until heading stage and the assimilation products during the ripening period on gram production. J pn J Crop Sci, 1982, 51(4): 500-509
127.黄农荣,张旭.籼稻根系活力与地上部分的关系.热带与亚热带植物学报,1999(增刊Ⅱ):37-43
128.张和平,刘晓楠.华北平原冬小麦根系生长及其与氮肥磷肥和水分的关系.华北农学报,1993,8(4):76-81
129.张亚洁,苏祖芳,杨连新等.旱育中籼根系形态性状及其与产量构成因素关系的研究.扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2002,23(1):59-62
130.黄升谋.库源比对杂交水稻叶片衰老的影响.杂交水稻,2001,16(3):55-56
131.王晓丽,王勇等.源库调节对水稻灌浆特性的影响.吉林农业大学学报,2002,24(5):13-16
132.雷振山,杨卫红等.水稻库、源关系的研究.信阳农业高等专科学校学报,2001,11(3):7-9
133.郑景生,谢冬容,郭其寿.水稻根系生长发育与基本型及地上部的关系.福建稻麦科技,1999,17(1):11-12
134.王福钧主编.农学中同位素示踪技术.北京:农业出版社,1989
135.陈小荣,潘晓华.旱育长秧龄抛栽水稻的养分及干物质积累特性初步研究.中国水稻科学,2001,15(2):113-118
136.廖红,戈振杨,严小龙.水磷耦合胁迫下植物磷吸收的理想根构型——模型与运用.科学通报,2001,48(8):641～646
137.迟道才,王玉宣,夏桂敏.水稻根系吸水模型的初步研究.灌溉排水学报,2004,23(1):56～59
138.王空军.玉米不同产量潜力基因型根系生理特性及与地上部关系研究.山东,山东农业大学博士论文,2000
139.蔡昆争.水稻栽培群体根系的生长冗余和结构优化.广州,华南农业大学博士论文,2001 166.
140.张洪程,戴其根,钟明喜等.抛栽水稻产量形成及其生态特征的研究.中国农业科学,1993,26(3):39-49
141.李奕松,黄丕生,黄仲青等.两系籼型杂交水稻齐穗后光合作用和衰老特性的研究.中国水稻科学,2002,16(2):141-145
142.杨建昌,王志琴,朱庆森等.ABA与GA对水稻籽粒灌浆的调控.作物学报,1999,25(3):341-348
143.李韶山,潘瑞炽.蓝光对水稻幼苗碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢的调节.植物生理学报,1995,21(1):22-28
144.郑丕尧,杨孔平,王经武等.水、陆稻在水田、旱地栽培的生态适应性研究,Ⅱ.稻株碳、氮代谢的生态适应性观察.中国水稻科学,1990,4(2):69-74
145.葛才林,罗时石,龚荐等.光合产物在作物茎鞘中输送速度差异与流量的示踪研究.核农学报,1994,8(1):25-32
146.史春余,王振林,郭风法等.甘薯块根膨大过程中ATP酶活性、ATP和ABA含量的变化.西北植物学报,2002,22(2):315-320
147.赵全志,高尔明,黄丕生等.水稻穗颈节伤流势与源库质量的关系研究.中国农业科学,1999,32(6):104-106
148.王熹,陶龙兴,田淑兰等.杂交稻及其恢复系的强弱势粒对光合物质摄取能力的比较.核农学报,2000,14(2):76-84
149.黄见良,李合松,邹应斌等.应用~(14)C示踪研究双季超高产栽培条件下水稻后期功能叶的光合特性.核农学报,2002,16(2):75-79
150.唐建军.属间远缘杂交新型水稻灌浆成熟期冠层叶片光合产物的分配去向.核农学报,1997,11(4):230-236
151.张怀渝,王化新,郭大智等.大麦光合产物的分配、再分配与产量形成的关系.核农学报.1995,9(3):168-174
152.石英,沈其荣,冉伟.半腐解秸秆覆盖下旱作水稻对~(15)N的吸收和分配.中国水稻科学,2002,16(3):236-242
153.王盛强,丁艳峰,严定春等.不同施氮量对水稻早育秧苗形态特征和生理特征的影响.南京农业大学学报,2004,27(3):11-14
154.石庆华,黄英金,李木英等.水稻根系性状与地上部的相关及根系性状的遗传研究.中国农业科学,1997.30(4):61-67
155.李韶山,潘瑞炽.蓝光对水稻幼苗生长效应的研究.中国水稻科学.1994,8(2):115-118
156.李木英,石庆华,潘晓华等.两系稻结实期胚乳和茎鞘非结构碳水化合物代谢活性的研究.作物学报,2002,28(6):821-828
157.王昌全,曾守鲁,卢俊等.工程排水对低产田肥力及作物产量影响的研究—以名山县《川中项目》效益定位监测结果为例.四川农业大学学报,1993(2):305-310
158.蒋彭炎,马跃芳,洪晓富等.水稻分蘖芽的环境敏感期研究.作物学报,1994,20(3):290-295
159.王大力,林伟宏.CO~2浓度升高对水稻根系分泌物的影响-总有机酸、甲酸和乙酸含量变化.生态学报,1999,19(4):570-572
160.黄英金,石庆华,李木英等.水稻根系性状的遗传研究.江西农业大学学报,1995.17(4):368-374
161.石庆华,Ries de Visser.杂交水稻的根呼吸-四种耗氧途径的活力和P/0比.江西农业大学学报,2000,22(3):313-316
162.郑景生,林文,卓传营等.再生稻根干物质量及根系活力与产量的相关性研究.中国生态农业学报,2004,12(4):106-109
163. Tatsumi J, Kono Y. Nitrogen uptake and transport by the intact root system of rice plants-comparison of the activity in roots from different nodes. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1980, 49(2): 349～358
164. Heeramam DA, Crown PH, Juma NG. A color composite technique for detecting root dynamics of barley from minirhizotron images. Plant and Soil, 1993, 157: 275～287
165. Tanaka S, Yamauchi A, Kono Y. Easily accessible method for root length measurement using an image analysis system. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1995, 64(1): 144～147
166. Poelman G, Van De Koppel J, Brouwer G. A telescopic method for photographing within 88 cm minirhizotrons. Plant and Soil, 1996, 185: 163～167
167. Majdi H. Root sampling methods- application and limitations of the minirhizotron technique. Plant and Soil, 1996, 185: 255～258
168. Brugge R, Thornley TH. A growth model of root mass and vertical distribution. Annals of Botany, 1985, 55: 563～577
169. Porter JR, Klepper B, Belford RK. A model (WHTROOT) which synchronizes root growth and development with shoot development for winter wheat. Plant and Soil, 1986, 92: 133～145
170. Pages L, Jordan MO, Picard D. A simulation model of the three-dimensional architecture of maize root system. Plant and Soil, 1989, 119: 147～154
171. Diggle A. T. ROOTMAP: a model in three-dimensional coordinates of the growth and structure of fibrous root systems. Plant and Soil, 1988, 105: 169～178
172. Kleemola J, Teittinen M, Karvonen T. Modeling crop growth and biomass partitioning to shootand roots in relation to nitrogen and water availability, using a maximization principle, I. Model description and validation. Plant and Soil, 1996, 185: 101～111
173. Morita S, Suga T, Nemoto K. Analysis on root system morphology using a root length density model, Ⅱ. Example of analysis on rice root systems. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1988, 57(4): 755～758
174. Morita S., Nemoto K., A method for evaluating spatial distribution of primary roots in rice, Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1993, 62(3): 359~362
175. Suga T, Nemoto K, Abe J et al. Analysis on root system morphology using a root length density model. I. The model, Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1988, 57(4): 749~754
176. Huguenin EO, Kirk GJ, Frossard E. Phosphorus uptake by rice from soil that is flooded, drained or flooded then drained. European Journal of Soil Science. 2003, 54(1):77—90
177.Dai, QJ. Effect of low temperature on the rice root system at seedling stage. Philippine Journal of Crop Science, 1988, 13(1): 9—13
178. Trillana N, Inamura T, Ram C et al. Comparison of root system development in two rice cultivars during stress recovery from drought and the plant traits for drought resistance. Plant Production Science, 2001, 4(3): 155—159
179. Nieuwenhuis P, Lales JS, Pailin N. Response of maize to various modes and levels of silicon application. Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 2001, 84 (4): 397~400
180. Khush GS. Increasing the genetic yield potential of rice: prospects and approaches. International Rice Commission Newsletter, 1994, 43(1): 1~8
181. Yamazaki K, Root system formation and relation to grain yield in rice plants. Korean Journal of Crop Science, 1989, 34(4): 449—459
182. Yamazaki K. The formation of rice root system and effect on yield. Japanese Agricultural Research Quarterly, 1982, 15(3): 153~160
183. Singh PK, Singh Y. Effect of reduced tillage on soil physical properties, root growth and grain yield in rice wheat system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 1996, 30: 3-4, 179-185
184. Koide T, Takamatsu M. The root system in no-till direct-sown rice culture. Report of the Tokai Branch of the Crop Science Society of Japan. 1996,122: 3-4
185. Kitano J, Yamanaka S, Ikesugi Y. The development of the root system in no-tillage direct sown rice cultivation. Report of the Tokai Branch of the Crop Science Society of Japan. 1995,119: 1-2
186. Sekhon N., Sur HS, Singh NT. Root and shoot growth of Oryza sativa L. as affected by redox potential. International Rice Research Newsletter. 1988. 13(5): 24
187. Naklang K, Fukai S, Nathabut K. Growth of rice cultivars by direct seeding and transplanting under upland and lowland conditions. Field Crops Research. 1996, 48: 2-3, 115-123
188.Jutta LM. Peroxidase inoenzymes as markers for the rooting ability of easy-to-root and difficult-to-root grevillea species and cultivars of protea obstusifolia (Proeaceae). Vitro cellular and developmental biology, 2003,39(4):377
189.Yang Z, Sasaki O, Shimotashiro T, et al. Studies on the low-temperature damage in rice [Oryza sativa] seedlings: Effect of low temperature on the growth and bleeding rates of the root. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 2001, 70(4):561-567 190.Sigari TA, Wade LJ, Gines HC, et al. Root and shoot growth of direct seeded and transplanted rice
resesrch. Bibliographic Philippine Journal of Crop Science, 2002, 27(1):52
191.Fujii H, Hayasaka T, Yokoama, et al. Effect of silica application to a nursery bed of rice on rooting ability and early growth of rice plants. Japanese Journal of Soil and Plant Nutrition, 1999, 70(6):785-790
192.Nishimura M. Relation between the rooting ability from flag leaf node and the cool tolerance at the booting stage in rice [Oryza saliva]. Japanese Journal of Crop Science,1993, 62(2):236-241
193.Rathore AL, Pal AR, Sahu KK. Tillage and mulching effects on water use, root growth and yield of rainfed mustard and chickpea grown after lowland rice. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1998, 78(2): 149-161
194.Nabheerong N. Root growth comparison between wet seeded rice and transplanted rice. International workshop on constraints, opportunities, and innovations for wet seeded rice, 1994,3
195.Hayashi S, Ito Y. Effect of organic acids on the growth of root hairs of rice [Oryza sativa], wheat [triticum aestivum] and barley [Hordeum vulgare]. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1994,38(4):315-322
196.Liu Z, Goto Y, Nishiyama I. Effects of benzylaminopurine on shoot and root and root development and growth of rice [Oryza sativa] grown hydroponically with different nitrogen forms. Plant production science, 2000, 3(4):349-353
197Araki H, Tatsumi J, Iijima M. Physiological and ecological characters of deep roots in upland rice [Oryza sativa L] 2. root cap and growth angle of the prophyll root. Asian agriculture congress, 2001,5
198.Thaler P, Pages L. Modelling the influence of assimilate availagility on root growth and architecture. Plant and Soil, 1998, 201(2):307-320
199.Bambridge L, Harmer R, Macleod R. Root and growth, assimilate partitioning and cell proliferation in roots of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) grown in filtered and unfiltered chambers Environmental pollution. 1996,92(3):343-347
200.Yamaguchi T, Tsuno Y, Nakane J, et al. Influence of leaf nitrogen content on grain weight at early ripening period and relationship between root respriration and leaf area per spidelet of rice [Oryza sativa.] plant. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1995, 64(2):251-258
201.Kwak KS, Iijima M, Yamauchi A, et al. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics with aging in seminal root system of rice [Oryza sativa] seedling. Japanese Journal of Crop Science,1995, 64(3):629-635
202.Nivat N, Chutiwat W. Root response to planting method, nitrogen fertilization and water availability in KDML 105 rice cultivar. Naresuan University Journal, 1999, 7(1): 1-22
203.Banoc DM, Yamauchi A, Kamoshita A, et al. Dry matter production and root system development of rice cultivars under fluctuating soil moisture. Plant Production Science, 2000, 3(2):197-207
2.石庆华,李木英,徐益群等.水稻根系特征与地上部关系的研究初报.江西农业大学学报,1995,17(2):110-115
3.吴伟明,宋祥甫,邹国燕.利用水上栽培方法研究水稻根系.中国水稻科学,2000,14(3):189-192
4.董桂春,王余龙,吴华等.供氮浓度对水稻根系生长的影响.江苏农业研究,2001,22(4):9-13
5. Blakely LM, Durham M, Evans TA and Blakely RM. Experimental studies on laeral root formations in radish seeding roots. Ⅰ. general methods, developmental stages and spontaneous formation of laterals. Bot. Gaz. 1982, 143(3): 341-352
6. Beeckman T, Burssens S and Inze D. The peri-eell-cycle in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2001, 52: 403-411
7. Lloret PG, Casero PJ, Pulgarin A and Navascues J. The behavious of two cell populations in the pericycle of Allium cepa, Pisu sativum and Daucus carota during early lateral root development. Ann. Bot. 1989, 63: 465-475
8. Doerner P. Cell cycle regulation in plants. Plant Phsiol. 1994, 106: 823-827
9. Doerner P, Jrgensen JE, You R, et al. Control of root growth and development by cyclin expression. Nature, 1996, 380: 520-523
10.山本由德著,余海清译.关于植物根的若干问题—水稻秧苗的发根与成活.绵阳经济技术高等专科学校学报,1997,14(1):99-105
11.徐富贤,郑家奎,朱永川等.杂交中稻发根力与抽穗开花期抗旱性关系的研究.作物学报,2003,29(2):188-193
12.戴其根,苏宝林等.抛秧水稻生长发育与产量形成的生态生理机制—Ⅰ.活棵立苗及其生态生理特点.作物学报,2001,27(3):278-285
13.温怀楠,赵建平.水稻旱育秧的发根力优势及对地上部植株生育特点的影响.浙江农业科学,2000(1):1-5
14.童富淡,胡家恕,陈进红等.不同育秧方式对早稻叶片SOD活性、电解质渗透率和发根力的影响.浙江农业大学学报,1997,23(6):682-686
15.姚月良,王建平,周家麟等.机插水稻根系生长特点的初步研究.江苏农业科学,1992(1):15-17
16.川田信一郎著,申廷秀等译.水稻的根系.农业出版社,1984.
17. Harada J, Yamazaki K, McMichael BL, et al. Morphological aspects of root systems in rice plants, In: plant roots and their environment, Proceedings of an ISSR symposium, 1991, 456-462
18. Morita S, Yamada S, Ade J. Analysis of root system morphology in rice with references at the ripening stage. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1995, 64(1): 58-65
19.凌启鸿,陆卫平,蔡建中等.水稻根系分布与叶角关系的研究初报.作物学报,1989, 15(2):123-131
20.吴伟明,宋祥甫,孙宗修等.不同类型水稻的根系分布特征比较.中国水稻科学,2001,15(4):276-280
21.蔡昆争,骆世明,段舜山.水稻根系的空间分布及其与产量的关系.华南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(3):1-4
22.朱德峰,林贤青,曹卫星.水稻根系生长及其对土壤紧密度的反应.应用生态学报,2002,13(1):60-62
23.张玉屏,朱德峰,林贤青.田间条件下水稻根系分布及其与土壤容重的关系.中国水稻科学,2003,17(2):141-144
24.川岛长治.水稻根系形成的研究.日本作物学会纪事,1988,57(1):8-18
25.王余龙,姚友礼,刘宝玉等.不同生育时期氮素供应水平对杂交水稻根系生长及其活力的影响.作物学报,1997,23(6):699-706
26.王余龙,蔡建中,何杰升等.水稻颖花根活量与籽粒灌浆结实的关系.作物学报,1992,18(2):81-88
27.陈健.籼粳稻及其杂交育成种根系的比较研究.沈阳农业大学学报,1990,22(增刊):99-105
28.石庆华.杂交水稻大穗型品种根系生长特征影响产量形成的研究补报.江西农业大学学报,1984,212-238
29.李季能,刘建萍,欧阳颔等.杂交水稻的根系优势.江西农业学报,1998,10(增刊):5-8
30.杨肖娥,孙羲.连晚杂交水稻根系生理特性的研究.杂交水稻国际学术讨论会论文集,1986
31.蔡永萍,杨其光.水稻水作与旱作对抽穗后剑叶光合特性,衰老和根系活性的影响.中国水稻科学,2000,14(4):219-224
32.岳寿松,于振文,余松烈.小麦旗叶与根系衰老的研究.作物学报,1996,22(1):55-58
33.姜东,于振文,苏波等.不同施氮时期对冬小麦根系衰老的影响.作物学报,1997,23(2):181-190
34.孙静文,陈温福,曾雅琴等.氮素水平对粳稻根系形态及其活力的影响.沈阳农业大学学报,2003,34(5):344-346
35. Yoshida T. Climate and Rice, 1976, 185-205
36. Osaki M, Iyoda M, Yamada S, et al. Effect of mutual shading on carbon distribution in rice plant. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1995, 41(2): 235-244
37. Yamaguchi T, Tsuno Y, Nakano J, et al. Relationship between root respiration and silica: calcium ratio and ammonium concentration in bleeding sap from stem of rice plants during the ripening stage. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1995, 64(3): 529-536
38. Mawaki M, Morita S, Suta T, et al. Effect of shading on root system morphology and grain yield of rice plants, I. An analysis on root length density. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1990, 59(1): 89-94
39. Mawaki M, Harada J, Iwata T, et al. Effect of shading on root system morphology and grain yield of rice plants, Ⅱ. An analysis on primary roots. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1990, 59(1): 96-99
40. Morita S, Yamazaki K. Effects of light conditions on growth angle of rice roots grown with leaf-cutting method. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1992, 61(1): 689-690
41. Tsuno Y, Yamaguchi T. Adaptive regulation of photosynthesis in rice to weak light conditions and the contribution of root activity to the regulation mechanism. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1989, 58(1): 74-83
42. Tatsumi J, Kono Y. Effect of shading on alpha-naphthylamine oxidation by the root system of rice. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1983, 52(1): 104-105
43.撰二郎,河野恭广.水稻地上部遮光对根系α-萘胺氧化力的影响.日本作物学会纪事,1983,52(1):104-105
44.倪文.光对秧苗根系生长及其生理活性的影响.作物学报,1983,9(3):199-203
45.吴岳轩,吴振球.土壤温度对亚种间杂交稻根系生长发育和代谢活性的影响.湖南农学院学报,1995,21(3):218-225
46. Nielsen KF. Roots and root temperature. In: Carson ED (ed.), The plant root and its environment. Charlottesvill(USA): The University Press of Virgminia, 1974, 234-293
47. Sasari Q. Effect of high water-temperature on the morphology of crown roots and leaf in rice plants. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1992, 61 (3): 385-390
48.肖参明,柯玉诗,黄继茂等.犁底层容重对水稻生长的影响研究.广东农业科学,1996(2):25-28
49.林文,何书峰.不同处理对水稻根系形态及机能的影响.福建稻麦科技,2000,18(4):5-7
50.何芳禄.早籼杂交稻根系生理特性的研究.植物生理学通讯,1980(5):17-21
51.吴岳轩,吴振球.丁酸对杂交水稻根系代谢活性及叶片衰老的影响.杂交水稻,1991(4):29-34
52.程柄篙主编.土壤环境条件对植物根系生长发育的影响.见:植物生理与农业研究.北京:中国农业出版社,1995:96-98
53.何芳禄,王明全.水稻根系的生长生理.植物生理学通讯,1986(3):21-25
54.程建峰,潘晓云,刘宜柏.土壤条件对陆稻根系生长的影响,土壤学报,2002,39(4):590-597
55.高明,车福才,魏朝富等.垄作免耕稻田水稻根系生长状况的研究.土壤通报,1998,29(5):236-238
56.张玉屏,李金才,黄义德等.水分胁迫对水稻根系生长和部分生理特性的影响.安微农业科学,2001,29(1):58-59
57. Smucker AJM, Aiken RM. Dynamic root responses to water deficits. Soil Science, 1992, 154(4): 281-289
58.凌启鸿,张国平,朱庆森等.水稻根系对水分和养分的反应.江苏农学院学报,1990,11(1):23-28
59.张爱良,苗果园,王建东.作物根系与水分的关系.作物研究,1997(2):4-7
60. Bano A, Dorffling K, Bettin D, et al. Abscisic acid and cytokinins as possible root-to-shoot signals in xylem sap of rice plants in drying soil. Australian Journal of plant physiology, 1993, 20(1): 109-115
61 Morita S, Iwabuchi A and Yamazaki K. Relationships between the growth direction of primary roots and shoot growth in rice plants. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1987, 56: 530-535
62. Abe J, Songmuang P, Harada J. Root growth of paddy rice with fertilization of organic materials in Thailand. Japanese Agricultural Research Quarterly, 1994
63、Hayamik K.耐肥高产水稻品种的生理和生态特性研究,3.根分布,吸收和养分吸收.日本东北农业试验研究报告,1983(68):45-68
64. Tanaka S, Yamanchi A, Kono Y. Root system morphology of four cultivars: response of different component roots to nitrogen application. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1995, 64(1): 148-155
64.蔡昆争,骆世明,段舜山.水稻根系在根袋处理条件下对氮养分的反应.生态学报,2003,23(6):1109-1116
65. Kujira Y. The effect of cultivation conditions on the root system of Koshihidari. Agriculture and Horticulture, 1990, 65(10): 1193-1195
66.王人潮.水稻营养综合诊断及其应用.浙江科学技术出版社,1982:83-89
67.郭朝晖,张杨珠,黄见良等.磷对杂交水稻根系特性与养分吸收的影响.湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,27(5):350-354
68. Kirk GJD, Du L. Changes in rice root architecture, porosity, and oxygen and proton release under phosphorus deficiency. New phytologist, 1997, 135(2): 191-200
69. Ni JJ, Wu P, Lou AC, et al. Rice seedling tolerance to phosphorus stress in solution culture and soil. Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems, 1998, 51 (2): 95-99
70.李峰,潘晓华,刘永英等.低磷胁迫对不同水稻品种根系形态和养分吸收的影响.作物学报,2004,30(5):438-442
71.徐耀恒.水稻的钾肥效应及其施用技术.浙江农业科学,1984(3):118-122
72.陈际型.钾素营养对水稻根系生长和养分吸收的影响.土壤学报,1997,34(2):182-188
73.彭克勤,彭志红,萧浪涛等.水稻耐低钾变异后代的根系生理研究.中国农学通报,2003,19(5):64-66
74. Sheurdzhen A. Kh. Alteration of physiological activity of rice system as affected by mierofertilizers. Soviet Agricultural Science, 1992, 6: 10-13
75.梁建生,曹显祖.杂交水稻叶片的若干生理指标与根系伤流强度关系.江苏农学院学报,1993,14(4):25-30
76.白书农,肖翊华.近年来水稻根系生理研究的几个特点.植物生理学通讯,1986,4:18-22
77.王永锐,李小林.免少耕水稻的根系活力和叶片衰老研究.耕作与栽培,1992(4):31-34
78.岳文元.应用~(32)p研究不同耕作法种植水稻的根系分布.核农学报,1994,8(2):119-122
79.王化新,付淑惠,张仲良等.两系亚种杂交稻根系活力和磷素分配与籽粒充实度的研究.核农学报,1997,11(1):31-38
80.沈波,王熹.籼粳亚种间杂交稻根系伤流强度的变化规律及其与叶片生理状况的相互关系.中国水稻科学,2000,14(2):122-124
81. Yoahida R, Uritani T. Cytokinin glucoside in roots of the rice plant. Plant Cell Physiol, 1972, 13: 337-343
82. Murofushi N, Inoue A, Watanabe N, et al. Identification of cytokinins in root exudates of the rice plant. Plant Cell Physiol, 1985, 24(1): 87-92
83.沈波,王熹.两个亚种间杂交稻组合的根系生理活性.中国水稻科学,2002,16(2):146-150
84.沈波,平霄飞,汤富彬等.高压液相色谱法检测水稻根系伤流液中细胞分裂素类物质.中国水稻科学,2004,18(4):362-364
85.杨建昌,彭少兵,顾世梁等.水稻结实期籽粒和根系中玉米素与玉米素核苷含量的变化及其与籽粒充实的关系.作物学报,2001,27(1):35-42
86.丁艳峰,王强盛,王绍华等.水稻旱育秧与湿润秧苗根系生理活性的比较研究.南京农业大学学报,2001,24(3):1-5
87. Charlton WA. Lateral root initiation. In plant roots: the hidden half (Waisel Y, Eshel A and Kafkafi U eds.) 2th edition. Marcel Dekker pp149-173
88. Rashotte AM, Brady SR, Reed RC, et al. Basipetal auxin transport is required for gravitropism in roots of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol, 2000, 122: 481-491
89. Casimiro I, Marchant A, Bhalrao RP, et al. Auxin transport promotes Arabidopsis lateral root initiation. Plant Cell, 13: 843-852
90. Wang SC, Ichii M, Taketa S, et al. Effect ofjasmonic acid on lateral root formation in rice seedling. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2002, 44(4): 502-504
91.华泽田,陈温福,王彦荣等.萘乙酸和烯效唑对超级杂交粳稻辽优3225根系生理活性的影响.中国水稻科学,2004,18(3):229-233
92.巫建华,龚荐,罗时石.小麦根系物质流示踪研究.核农学报,1992,6(3):147-152
93.张浩,龚荐,罗时石.再生稻根系物质流示踪研究.江苏农学院学报,1991,12(3):25-28
94.张浩,龚荐,罗时石.再生稻叶片同化物质流的示踪研究.核农学通报,1991,12(4):172-175
95. Tatsumi T, et al. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1981, 50(3): 302-310
96.Naomichi Tanaka等著,胡为涛译.水稻秧苗素质(尤指淀粉酶活性)与其发根力的关系.丽水农业科技,1992(2):13-14,28
97.刘军,黄华,付华等.水稻免耕抛秧高产稳产的生理基础研究.中国农业科学,2002,35(2):152-156
98.付华,陆秀明.免耕抛秧稻籽粒灌浆结实特性的研究.广东农业科学,2000(5):11-13
99.张宪政.作物生理研究法.北京:农业出版社,1992
100.邹主编.植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业出版社,2000
101.熊庆娥主编.植物生理学实验教程.四川科学技术出版社,2003
102.张志良主编.植物生理学实验指导.高等教育出版社,2001
103.陈季楚,傅婉华.叶片细胞的膜束缚ATP酶活性的测定.细胞生物学杂志,1983,5(3):21-24
104.赫冬梅,胡国公,穆琳.烟草内源激素的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定.烟草科技,2000(5):41-42
105.赵利辉.刘友良.冷胁迫对水稻幼苗根系液泡膜质子泵的伤害及钙的调节作用.南京农业大学学报,2000,23(3):5～8
106.陈亚华,沈振国,刘友良.低温、高pH胁迫对水稻幼苗根系质膜、液泡膜ATP酶活性的影响.植物生理学报,2000,26(5):407～412
107.于贵瑞,王伯伦,刘新安等.高产水稻群体根系空间分布数学模型的研究.辽宁农业科学,1993.(1):19～24
108. Okada K, Kondo M, Ando H. Phosphorus application affects root length distribution and water uptake of upland rice in a column experiment. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2004, 50 (2): 257～261
109.李海波,夏铭,吴平.低磷胁迫对水稻苗期侧根生长及养分吸收的影响.植物学报,2001,43(11):1154～1160
110.赵言文,丁艳峰,陈留根等.水稻旱育秧苗抗旱生理特性研究.中国农业科学,2001,34(3):283-291
111.张永泰,吴怀恂,王忠等.水稻育秧环境对秧苗生长的影响.中国水稻科学,1999,13(2):86-90
112. Yamamato Y. Studies on transplanting injury in rice plant: Ⅶ. Effect of antitranspirant and irrigation water depth on the transplanting injury, rooting and early growth. (JPN) Res. Rep. Kochi Univ., 1990, 39: 35-47
113. Yamamato Y, Matsumoto T. Studies on transplanting injury in rice plant: Ⅷ. Effect of transplanting on the relationship between leaf emergence rate and rooting of seedling. (JPN) Res. Rep. Kochi Univ.,1990, 39: 49-56
114. Yamamato Y, Matsumoto T. Studies on transplanting injury in rice plant: Ⅵ. Effect of transplanting on the morphological changes of new leaf and roots of seedlings after transplanting. (JPN) Res. Rep. Kochi Univ., 1990, 39: 57-63
115. Yamamato Y, Hisano K. Studies on transplanting injury in rice plant: Ⅹ. Competition among seedlings with different earliness of seedlings establishment for the growth and yield. (JPN) Res. Rep. Kochi Univ., 1990, 39: 65-74
116.王夫玉,张洪程,黄丕生.水稻盐粳187的群体植伤研究.上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),21(1):13-16
117.山崎去.微量要素多量要素.东京:博友社,1975:12-18
118.王忠主编.植物生理学.北京:中国农业出版社.2000,2
119.荣湘民,刘强,朱红梅.水稻的源库关系及碳、氮代谢的研究进展.中国水稻科学,1998,12(增刊):63-69
120.张洪程,王夫玉.中国水稻群体研究进展.中国水稻科学,2001,15(1):51-56
121.凌启鸿主编.作物群体质量.上海科学技术出版社,2000
122.王志琴,杨建昌,朱庆森等.水稻抽穗期茎鞘中贮藏的可用性糖与籽粒充实的关系.江苏农学院学报,1997,18(4):13-17
123.梁建生,曹显祖,张海燕等.水稻籽粒灌浆期间茎鞘贮藏物质含量变化及其影响因素研究.中国水稻科学,1994,8(3):151-156
124.李潮海,刘奎,连艳鲜.玉米碳氮代谢研究进展.河南农业大学学报,2000,34(4):318-323
125.王永锐.水稻品种生育中期在不同氮水平条件下的谷粒产量和氮素积累.华南农学院学报,1982.3(3):41-45
126. Jen Hsien W, Tomoshiro T, Waichi A, et al. Studies on dry matter and grain production of fice plant. Ⅰ. Influence of the reserved carbohydrate until heading stage and the assimilation products during the ripening period on gram production. J pn J Crop Sci, 1982, 51(4): 500-509
127.黄农荣,张旭.籼稻根系活力与地上部分的关系.热带与亚热带植物学报,1999(增刊Ⅱ):37-43
128.张和平,刘晓楠.华北平原冬小麦根系生长及其与氮肥磷肥和水分的关系.华北农学报,1993,8(4):76-81
129.张亚洁,苏祖芳,杨连新等.旱育中籼根系形态性状及其与产量构成因素关系的研究.扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2002,23(1):59-62
130.黄升谋.库源比对杂交水稻叶片衰老的影响.杂交水稻,2001,16(3):55-56
131.王晓丽,王勇等.源库调节对水稻灌浆特性的影响.吉林农业大学学报,2002,24(5):13-16
132.雷振山,杨卫红等.水稻库、源关系的研究.信阳农业高等专科学校学报,2001,11(3):7-9
133.郑景生,谢冬容,郭其寿.水稻根系生长发育与基本型及地上部的关系.福建稻麦科技,1999,17(1):11-12
134.王福钧主编.农学中同位素示踪技术.北京:农业出版社,1989
135.陈小荣,潘晓华.旱育长秧龄抛栽水稻的养分及干物质积累特性初步研究.中国水稻科学,2001,15(2):113-118
136.廖红,戈振杨,严小龙.水磷耦合胁迫下植物磷吸收的理想根构型——模型与运用.科学通报,2001,48(8):641～646
137.迟道才,王玉宣,夏桂敏.水稻根系吸水模型的初步研究.灌溉排水学报,2004,23(1):56～59
138.王空军.玉米不同产量潜力基因型根系生理特性及与地上部关系研究.山东,山东农业大学博士论文,2000
139.蔡昆争.水稻栽培群体根系的生长冗余和结构优化.广州,华南农业大学博士论文,2001 166.
140.张洪程,戴其根,钟明喜等.抛栽水稻产量形成及其生态特征的研究.中国农业科学,1993,26(3):39-49
141.李奕松,黄丕生,黄仲青等.两系籼型杂交水稻齐穗后光合作用和衰老特性的研究.中国水稻科学,2002,16(2):141-145
142.杨建昌,王志琴,朱庆森等.ABA与GA对水稻籽粒灌浆的调控.作物学报,1999,25(3):341-348
143.李韶山,潘瑞炽.蓝光对水稻幼苗碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢的调节.植物生理学报,1995,21(1):22-28
144.郑丕尧,杨孔平,王经武等.水、陆稻在水田、旱地栽培的生态适应性研究,Ⅱ.稻株碳、氮代谢的生态适应性观察.中国水稻科学,1990,4(2):69-74
145.葛才林,罗时石,龚荐等.光合产物在作物茎鞘中输送速度差异与流量的示踪研究.核农学报,1994,8(1):25-32
146.史春余,王振林,郭风法等.甘薯块根膨大过程中ATP酶活性、ATP和ABA含量的变化.西北植物学报,2002,22(2):315-320
147.赵全志,高尔明,黄丕生等.水稻穗颈节伤流势与源库质量的关系研究.中国农业科学,1999,32(6):104-106
148.王熹,陶龙兴,田淑兰等.杂交稻及其恢复系的强弱势粒对光合物质摄取能力的比较.核农学报,2000,14(2):76-84
149.黄见良,李合松,邹应斌等.应用~(14)C示踪研究双季超高产栽培条件下水稻后期功能叶的光合特性.核农学报,2002,16(2):75-79
150.唐建军.属间远缘杂交新型水稻灌浆成熟期冠层叶片光合产物的分配去向.核农学报,1997,11(4):230-236
151.张怀渝,王化新,郭大智等.大麦光合产物的分配、再分配与产量形成的关系.核农学报.1995,9(3):168-174
152.石英,沈其荣,冉伟.半腐解秸秆覆盖下旱作水稻对~(15)N的吸收和分配.中国水稻科学,2002,16(3):236-242
153.王盛强,丁艳峰,严定春等.不同施氮量对水稻早育秧苗形态特征和生理特征的影响.南京农业大学学报,2004,27(3):11-14
154.石庆华,黄英金,李木英等.水稻根系性状与地上部的相关及根系性状的遗传研究.中国农业科学,1997.30(4):61-67
155.李韶山,潘瑞炽.蓝光对水稻幼苗生长效应的研究.中国水稻科学.1994,8(2):115-118
156.李木英,石庆华,潘晓华等.两系稻结实期胚乳和茎鞘非结构碳水化合物代谢活性的研究.作物学报,2002,28(6):821-828
157.王昌全,曾守鲁,卢俊等.工程排水对低产田肥力及作物产量影响的研究—以名山县《川中项目》效益定位监测结果为例.四川农业大学学报,1993(2):305-310
158.蒋彭炎,马跃芳,洪晓富等.水稻分蘖芽的环境敏感期研究.作物学报,1994,20(3):290-295
159.王大力,林伟宏.CO~2浓度升高对水稻根系分泌物的影响-总有机酸、甲酸和乙酸含量变化.生态学报,1999,19(4):570-572
160.黄英金,石庆华,李木英等.水稻根系性状的遗传研究.江西农业大学学报,1995.17(4):368-374
161.石庆华,Ries de Visser.杂交水稻的根呼吸-四种耗氧途径的活力和P/0比.江西农业大学学报,2000,22(3):313-316
162.郑景生,林文,卓传营等.再生稻根干物质量及根系活力与产量的相关性研究.中国生态农业学报,2004,12(4):106-109
163. Tatsumi J, Kono Y. Nitrogen uptake and transport by the intact root system of rice plants-comparison of the activity in roots from different nodes. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1980, 49(2): 349～358
164. Heeramam DA, Crown PH, Juma NG. A color composite technique for detecting root dynamics of barley from minirhizotron images. Plant and Soil, 1993, 157: 275～287
165. Tanaka S, Yamauchi A, Kono Y. Easily accessible method for root length measurement using an image analysis system. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1995, 64(1): 144～147
166. Poelman G, Van De Koppel J, Brouwer G. A telescopic method for photographing within 88 cm minirhizotrons. Plant and Soil, 1996, 185: 163～167
167. Majdi H. Root sampling methods- application and limitations of the minirhizotron technique. Plant and Soil, 1996, 185: 255～258
168. Brugge R, Thornley TH. A growth model of root mass and vertical distribution. Annals of Botany, 1985, 55: 563～577
169. Porter JR, Klepper B, Belford RK. A model (WHTROOT) which synchronizes root growth and development with shoot development for winter wheat. Plant and Soil, 1986, 92: 133～145
170. Pages L, Jordan MO, Picard D. A simulation model of the three-dimensional architecture of maize root system. Plant and Soil, 1989, 119: 147～154
171. Diggle A. T. ROOTMAP: a model in three-dimensional coordinates of the growth and structure of fibrous root systems. Plant and Soil, 1988, 105: 169～178
172. Kleemola J, Teittinen M, Karvonen T. Modeling crop growth and biomass partitioning to shootand roots in relation to nitrogen and water availability, using a maximization principle, I. Model description and validation. Plant and Soil, 1996, 185: 101～111
173. Morita S, Suga T, Nemoto K. Analysis on root system morphology using a root length density model, Ⅱ. Example of analysis on rice root systems. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1988, 57(4): 755～758
174. Morita S., Nemoto K., A method for evaluating spatial distribution of primary roots in rice, Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1993, 62(3): 359~362
175. Suga T, Nemoto K, Abe J et al. Analysis on root system morphology using a root length density model. I. The model, Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1988, 57(4): 749~754
176. Huguenin EO, Kirk GJ, Frossard E. Phosphorus uptake by rice from soil that is flooded, drained or flooded then drained. European Journal of Soil Science. 2003, 54(1):77—90
177.Dai, QJ. Effect of low temperature on the rice root system at seedling stage. Philippine Journal of Crop Science, 1988, 13(1): 9—13
178. Trillana N, Inamura T, Ram C et al. Comparison of root system development in two rice cultivars during stress recovery from drought and the plant traits for drought resistance. Plant Production Science, 2001, 4(3): 155—159
179. Nieuwenhuis P, Lales JS, Pailin N. Response of maize to various modes and levels of silicon application. Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 2001, 84 (4): 397~400
180. Khush GS. Increasing the genetic yield potential of rice: prospects and approaches. International Rice Commission Newsletter, 1994, 43(1): 1~8
181. Yamazaki K, Root system formation and relation to grain yield in rice plants. Korean Journal of Crop Science, 1989, 34(4): 449—459
182. Yamazaki K. The formation of rice root system and effect on yield. Japanese Agricultural Research Quarterly, 1982, 15(3): 153~160
183. Singh PK, Singh Y. Effect of reduced tillage on soil physical properties, root growth and grain yield in rice wheat system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 1996, 30: 3-4, 179-185
184. Koide T, Takamatsu M. The root system in no-till direct-sown rice culture. Report of the Tokai Branch of the Crop Science Society of Japan. 1996,122: 3-4
185. Kitano J, Yamanaka S, Ikesugi Y. The development of the root system in no-tillage direct sown rice cultivation. Report of the Tokai Branch of the Crop Science Society of Japan. 1995,119: 1-2
186. Sekhon N., Sur HS, Singh NT. Root and shoot growth of Oryza sativa L. as affected by redox potential. International Rice Research Newsletter. 1988. 13(5): 24
187. Naklang K, Fukai S, Nathabut K. Growth of rice cultivars by direct seeding and transplanting under upland and lowland conditions. Field Crops Research. 1996, 48: 2-3, 115-123
188.Jutta LM. Peroxidase inoenzymes as markers for the rooting ability of easy-to-root and difficult-to-root grevillea species and cultivars of protea obstusifolia (Proeaceae). Vitro cellular and developmental biology, 2003,39(4):377
189.Yang Z, Sasaki O, Shimotashiro T, et al. Studies on the low-temperature damage in rice [Oryza sativa] seedlings: Effect of low temperature on the growth and bleeding rates of the root. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 2001, 70(4):561-567 190.Sigari TA, Wade LJ, Gines HC, et al. Root and shoot growth of direct seeded and transplanted rice
resesrch. Bibliographic Philippine Journal of Crop Science, 2002, 27(1):52
191.Fujii H, Hayasaka T, Yokoama, et al. Effect of silica application to a nursery bed of rice on rooting ability and early growth of rice plants. Japanese Journal of Soil and Plant Nutrition, 1999, 70(6):785-790
192.Nishimura M. Relation between the rooting ability from flag leaf node and the cool tolerance at the booting stage in rice [Oryza saliva]. Japanese Journal of Crop Science,1993, 62(2):236-241
193.Rathore AL, Pal AR, Sahu KK. Tillage and mulching effects on water use, root growth and yield of rainfed mustard and chickpea grown after lowland rice. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1998, 78(2): 149-161
194.Nabheerong N. Root growth comparison between wet seeded rice and transplanted rice. International workshop on constraints, opportunities, and innovations for wet seeded rice, 1994,3
195.Hayashi S, Ito Y. Effect of organic acids on the growth of root hairs of rice [Oryza sativa], wheat [triticum aestivum] and barley [Hordeum vulgare]. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1994,38(4):315-322
196.Liu Z, Goto Y, Nishiyama I. Effects of benzylaminopurine on shoot and root and root development and growth of rice [Oryza sativa] grown hydroponically with different nitrogen forms. Plant production science, 2000, 3(4):349-353
197Araki H, Tatsumi J, Iijima M. Physiological and ecological characters of deep roots in upland rice [Oryza sativa L] 2. root cap and growth angle of the prophyll root. Asian agriculture congress, 2001,5
198.Thaler P, Pages L. Modelling the influence of assimilate availagility on root growth and architecture. Plant and Soil, 1998, 201(2):307-320
199.Bambridge L, Harmer R, Macleod R. Root and growth, assimilate partitioning and cell proliferation in roots of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) grown in filtered and unfiltered chambers Environmental pollution. 1996,92(3):343-347
200.Yamaguchi T, Tsuno Y, Nakane J, et al. Influence of leaf nitrogen content on grain weight at early ripening period and relationship between root respriration and leaf area per spidelet of rice [Oryza sativa.] plant. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 1995, 64(2):251-258
201.Kwak KS, Iijima M, Yamauchi A, et al. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics with aging in seminal root system of rice [Oryza sativa] seedling. Japanese Journal of Crop Science,1995, 64(3):629-635
202.Nivat N, Chutiwat W. Root response to planting method, nitrogen fertilization and water availability in KDML 105 rice cultivar. Naresuan University Journal, 1999, 7(1): 1-22
203.Banoc DM, Yamauchi A, Kamoshita A, et al. Dry matter production and root system development of rice cultivars under fluctuating soil moisture. Plant Production Science, 2000, 3(2):197-207