奉贤微污染景观水体生物生态修复技术小试研究
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摘要
近年来,我国江河湖泊的水体污染和富营养化问题日趋严重,因此对受污染的江河湖库水体进行治理是社会经济发展及生态环境建设的迫切需要。湖泊水生植被的恢复是湖泊环境和生态综合治理的一个重要环节。生态浮床和人工湿地都是近年来在国内外采用的用于净化水质的生态修复的方法；利用微生物复合制剂进行污染环境治理由于具备理工艺简单,对污染位点的干扰、破坏小、污染物降解速度快、降解彻底、不易造成二次污染等优势,也被认为是一项很有前景的水污染治理技术。
本文依托上海市世博科技专项(2007BAK27B05-7)-世博园景观水体生物生态修复技术研究示范应用,以及上海市环境保护局项目(编号2006-36)-滴水湖引水河水质净化研究等项目,以奉贤农业区的某污染河道为试验基地,主要研究了在静态条件以及不同水力负荷下,种植黄菖蒲的生态浮床与人工湿地对微污染配水的净水效果。并对将微生物复合制剂应用于微污染水体,促进微生物对污染物的降解转化,改善水环境质量进行了探讨。此外,进了利用水生植株残体进行厌氧发酵产气的研究,实现了资源的再利用。
主要研究结论如下：
1)研究了生态浮床对水质净化的作用。结果表明,生态浮床对CODMn、TN和TP均具有明显的去除效果,在静态期,浮床池对CODMn、TN和TP的净去除率分别达到了16.9%、50.3%和50%,达到国家规定的地表水Ⅲ类水质要求。由此可见,生态浮床是改善水体富营养化状况的一种可行性技术手段。
2)比较了生态浮床与人工湿地对水质的净化作用。结果表明,总体情况下,生态浮床比人工湿地净化水体的效果稍有显著。静态期结果表明,生态浮床对CODMn的去除率为37.6%,人工湿地对CODMn的去除率为10.1%；生态浮床对TN的去除率为89.9%,人工湿地对TN的去除率为46.7%；生态浮床对氨氮的去除率为81.45%,人工湿地对氨氮的去除率为81.81%；生态浮床对TP的去除率为65.5%,人工湿地对TP的去除率为61.0%。动态期生态浮床和人工湿地的比较表明,生态浮床对污染物的去除率总体仍高于人工湿地。在水力负荷为0.035m/d时,生态浮床的CODMn去除率最高为41.92%,TN去除率最高为77.1%；在水力负荷为0.12m/d时,生态浮床的氨氮去除率最高,达到91.28%,TP的去除率最高,达到87.4%。
3)研究了微生物制剂对受污染水体水质净化的影响。通过使用不同微生物复合制剂,以及结合植物及组合填料等不同载体的研究,发现当微生物复合制剂结合植物作为载体时处理效果要比结合填料好。静态试验的研究发现,河水中的土著菌在适当的条件下也能发挥作用。通过复合微生物制剂与载体的结合,2#(复合菌剂+硝化菌,黄菖蒲载体)对CODMn的去除率最高,达到95.84%,4#(复合菌剂+硝化菌+华师硝化菌+光合细菌,黄菖蒲载体)对TN、TP的去除率最高,可分别达到86.48%和96.60%,对于溶解氧的提高和氨氧化也有较好的能力。
4)将水生植物残体作为沼气发酵的原料,进行资源化利用。研究了污泥接种量、PH值等对产气过程的影响,结果表明,在接种600ml/L污泥浓度时产气效率最好,为0.375(L/g植物样品干重),同时控制系统较高的pH值以及使用经过驯化的污泥有利于厌氧发酵。
Nowadays, water pollution and eutrophication problem of rivers and lakes in China are becoming more and more serious, therefore, it is urgent for social economic development and ecological environment construction to deal with the contaminated water bodies. Aquatic vegetation restoration is an important fact in water recovery and integrated management of ecological system. In recent years, ecological-floating beds and constructed wetlands are used at home and abroad for the ecological restoration of water purification. Using compound microorganism product is a newly pollution control technology developed in recent years at home and abroad. It is considered to be one very promising water pollution control technology because of its simple craft, small destroy to location, fast, thoroughly degrading, less secondary pollution, etc.
The paper relies on the Shanghai World Expo Science and Technology project (2007BAK27B05-7) "The application and demonstration of ecological restoration Expo landscape water technology" and the Shanghai Environmental Protection Bureau project "Study on derived river water purification of Drip Lake" (No.2006-36), etc. This paper mainly studied the effectiveness of the ecological floating bed and the constructed wetlands in the conditions of static and different hydraulic loading about water purification. Pollutant transform to be enhanced and water environmental quality to be improved by adding compound microorganism product to the system were studied in this thesis. Also in this paper, anaerobic digestion of plant residue from eutrophic water is discussed to achieve re-use of resources.
the main conclusions are drawn as followings:
1) The effect of water purification by ecological floating bed was studied in this paper. Results showed that the removal effect of floating bed on CODMn, TN, TP is obvious.16.9%CODMn、50.3% TN and 50% TP were removed by ecological floating bed in static condition and the water quality achieved gradeⅢ,the criteria is stipulated for ground water by our country. It showed us that the eutrophication phenomenon can be improved significantly through the ecological floating bed.
2) Comparison of water purification by ecological floating bed and constructed wetland was studied in this paper. In general case, water quality improved by the ecological floating bed is slightly significant than the constructed wetland. Results showed that in ecological floating beds, CODMn、NH3-N、TN and TP were removed by 37.6%、89.9%、81.45% and 65.5% while removed by 10.1%、46.7%、81.81% and 61.0% in the constructed wetland during the static phase condition. The comparison in dynamic condition showed that on the overall removal of pollutants, ecological floating bed is still higher than the wetland. In the hydraulic loading of 0.035m/d, the ecological floating bed CODMn removal was rate up to 41.92%, while TN removal rate up to 77.1%; In the hydraulic loading of 0.12m/d, the ecological floating bed NH3-N removal was rate up to 91.28%, while TP removal rate up to 87.4%.
3) The effect of water purification by compound microorganism product was studied in this paper. Through using different compound microorganism product combining with plants and filler, better treatment effect would achieve when the compound microorganism product combined with the plant as a carrier than combined with the filler. Meanwhile, the results of batch test show that the indigenous microorganism in the river played the important role under the appropriate condition. As the compound microorganism product combined with the carrier,2# (compound agents+ nitrifying bacteria, yellow iris carrier) got the highest removal rate of CODMn 95.84%,4 # (compound agents+nitrifying bacteria+ECNU nitrifying bacteria+photosynthetic bacteria, yellow iris carrier) got the highest removal rate of TP 86.48% and TN 96.60%, they also have good ability to increase dissolved oxygen and ammonia oxidation.
4) Aquatic residues could be used as a raw materials for methane fermentation to reuse resources. Inoculation of the sludge and PH value would affect the process of gas produce. The results showed that 600ml/L sludge inoculum concentration, higher pH and acclimated sludge are favorable to the digestion and generation of biogas.
本文依托上海市世博科技专项(2007BAK27B05-7)-世博园景观水体生物生态修复技术研究示范应用,以及上海市环境保护局项目(编号2006-36)-滴水湖引水河水质净化研究等项目,以奉贤农业区的某污染河道为试验基地,主要研究了在静态条件以及不同水力负荷下,种植黄菖蒲的生态浮床与人工湿地对微污染配水的净水效果。并对将微生物复合制剂应用于微污染水体,促进微生物对污染物的降解转化,改善水环境质量进行了探讨。此外,进了利用水生植株残体进行厌氧发酵产气的研究,实现了资源的再利用。
主要研究结论如下：
1)研究了生态浮床对水质净化的作用。结果表明,生态浮床对CODMn、TN和TP均具有明显的去除效果,在静态期,浮床池对CODMn、TN和TP的净去除率分别达到了16.9%、50.3%和50%,达到国家规定的地表水Ⅲ类水质要求。由此可见,生态浮床是改善水体富营养化状况的一种可行性技术手段。
2)比较了生态浮床与人工湿地对水质的净化作用。结果表明,总体情况下,生态浮床比人工湿地净化水体的效果稍有显著。静态期结果表明,生态浮床对CODMn的去除率为37.6%,人工湿地对CODMn的去除率为10.1%；生态浮床对TN的去除率为89.9%,人工湿地对TN的去除率为46.7%；生态浮床对氨氮的去除率为81.45%,人工湿地对氨氮的去除率为81.81%；生态浮床对TP的去除率为65.5%,人工湿地对TP的去除率为61.0%。动态期生态浮床和人工湿地的比较表明,生态浮床对污染物的去除率总体仍高于人工湿地。在水力负荷为0.035m/d时,生态浮床的CODMn去除率最高为41.92%,TN去除率最高为77.1%；在水力负荷为0.12m/d时,生态浮床的氨氮去除率最高,达到91.28%,TP的去除率最高,达到87.4%。
3)研究了微生物制剂对受污染水体水质净化的影响。通过使用不同微生物复合制剂,以及结合植物及组合填料等不同载体的研究,发现当微生物复合制剂结合植物作为载体时处理效果要比结合填料好。静态试验的研究发现,河水中的土著菌在适当的条件下也能发挥作用。通过复合微生物制剂与载体的结合,2#(复合菌剂+硝化菌,黄菖蒲载体)对CODMn的去除率最高,达到95.84%,4#(复合菌剂+硝化菌+华师硝化菌+光合细菌,黄菖蒲载体)对TN、TP的去除率最高,可分别达到86.48%和96.60%,对于溶解氧的提高和氨氧化也有较好的能力。
4)将水生植物残体作为沼气发酵的原料,进行资源化利用。研究了污泥接种量、PH值等对产气过程的影响,结果表明,在接种600ml/L污泥浓度时产气效率最好,为0.375(L/g植物样品干重),同时控制系统较高的pH值以及使用经过驯化的污泥有利于厌氧发酵。
Nowadays, water pollution and eutrophication problem of rivers and lakes in China are becoming more and more serious, therefore, it is urgent for social economic development and ecological environment construction to deal with the contaminated water bodies. Aquatic vegetation restoration is an important fact in water recovery and integrated management of ecological system. In recent years, ecological-floating beds and constructed wetlands are used at home and abroad for the ecological restoration of water purification. Using compound microorganism product is a newly pollution control technology developed in recent years at home and abroad. It is considered to be one very promising water pollution control technology because of its simple craft, small destroy to location, fast, thoroughly degrading, less secondary pollution, etc.
The paper relies on the Shanghai World Expo Science and Technology project (2007BAK27B05-7) "The application and demonstration of ecological restoration Expo landscape water technology" and the Shanghai Environmental Protection Bureau project "Study on derived river water purification of Drip Lake" (No.2006-36), etc. This paper mainly studied the effectiveness of the ecological floating bed and the constructed wetlands in the conditions of static and different hydraulic loading about water purification. Pollutant transform to be enhanced and water environmental quality to be improved by adding compound microorganism product to the system were studied in this thesis. Also in this paper, anaerobic digestion of plant residue from eutrophic water is discussed to achieve re-use of resources.
the main conclusions are drawn as followings:
1) The effect of water purification by ecological floating bed was studied in this paper. Results showed that the removal effect of floating bed on CODMn, TN, TP is obvious.16.9%CODMn、50.3% TN and 50% TP were removed by ecological floating bed in static condition and the water quality achieved gradeⅢ,the criteria is stipulated for ground water by our country. It showed us that the eutrophication phenomenon can be improved significantly through the ecological floating bed.
2) Comparison of water purification by ecological floating bed and constructed wetland was studied in this paper. In general case, water quality improved by the ecological floating bed is slightly significant than the constructed wetland. Results showed that in ecological floating beds, CODMn、NH3-N、TN and TP were removed by 37.6%、89.9%、81.45% and 65.5% while removed by 10.1%、46.7%、81.81% and 61.0% in the constructed wetland during the static phase condition. The comparison in dynamic condition showed that on the overall removal of pollutants, ecological floating bed is still higher than the wetland. In the hydraulic loading of 0.035m/d, the ecological floating bed CODMn removal was rate up to 41.92%, while TN removal rate up to 77.1%; In the hydraulic loading of 0.12m/d, the ecological floating bed NH3-N removal was rate up to 91.28%, while TP removal rate up to 87.4%.
3) The effect of water purification by compound microorganism product was studied in this paper. Through using different compound microorganism product combining with plants and filler, better treatment effect would achieve when the compound microorganism product combined with the plant as a carrier than combined with the filler. Meanwhile, the results of batch test show that the indigenous microorganism in the river played the important role under the appropriate condition. As the compound microorganism product combined with the carrier,2# (compound agents+ nitrifying bacteria, yellow iris carrier) got the highest removal rate of CODMn 95.84%,4 # (compound agents+nitrifying bacteria+ECNU nitrifying bacteria+photosynthetic bacteria, yellow iris carrier) got the highest removal rate of TP 86.48% and TN 96.60%, they also have good ability to increase dissolved oxygen and ammonia oxidation.
4) Aquatic residues could be used as a raw materials for methane fermentation to reuse resources. Inoculation of the sludge and PH value would affect the process of gas produce. The results showed that 600ml/L sludge inoculum concentration, higher pH and acclimated sludge are favorable to the digestion and generation of biogas.
引文
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