收割对湖滨湿地芦苇生长及土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
湖滨湿地作为水陆交错带的一种类型,在涵养水源、蓄洪防旱、维持生物多样性和生态平衡以及缓解面源污染等方面均有十分重要的作用。近年来,针对湖滨湿地的退化,世界各国开展了一系列湖滨湿地恢复和重建工程,然而普遍的状况是重恢复轻管理,导致湿地恢复工程的综合效益难以有效发挥。本文以苏州太湖国家旅游度假区湖滨湿地人工恢复的芦苇群落为研究对象,采用野外控制实验的方法,研究了芦苇收割移出和自然保留两种处理方式下芦苇的生长状况,土壤养分、土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的变化情况,为湖滨湿地恢复工程的管理与维护提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下：
1.两种处理方式下的芦苇的株高和密度差异性显著,收割移出方式下的芦苇高度为3.27±0.12m,是自然保留方式下的1.19倍,而芦苇的密度为43±2株.m-2,比自然保留处理下的下降了近1/4,两种处理方式下的芦苇的生物量和株茎差异性不显著。
2.两种处理方式下的土壤有效磷含量差异性显著,与自然保留的处理方式相比,收割移出方式的表层、中层和下层土壤有效磷分别减少了25.73%、21.70%和30.23%,而其他土壤养分均有下降趋势但差异性不显著。两种处理方式下的表层(0～10cm)土壤养分含量均表现出一定的季节变化规律,即春秋两季的土壤养分含量高于冬季和夏季。
3.两种处理方式下的土壤微生物均表现为随土层加深土壤微生物数量显著减少,两种处理对应土层土壤微生物差异不显著；两种处理方式下的表层土壤(0-10cm)细菌和放线菌数量的季节变化都表现为,秋季>春季>冬季>夏季,而真菌数量则表现为,春季>秋季>冬季>夏季。
4.两种处理方式下的土壤蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性差异性显著,与自然保留方式相比,蔗糖酶活性在表层和中层分别下降了36.05%和19.75%,碱性磷酸酶在表层下降了30.85%,而收割对土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性未产生显著的影响。从土壤酶活性的季节变化来看,表层土壤(0～10cm)土壤酶活性均表现出冬夏两季较低而春秋两季较高。
5.相关性分析表明：土壤养分、土壤微生物和土壤酶活性之间存在着明显的相关关系,土壤养分和土壤微生物数量对土壤酶活性的通径分析表明：芦苇收割导致土壤养分含量的下降是土壤酶活性降低的主要原因之一。
As a kind of aquatic-terrestrial ecotone, riparian wetland plays an important role in water conservation, defending flood and drought, maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance, easing non-point pollution and so on. In recent years, because of the degradation of riparian wetland, a series of riparian wetland restoration and reconstruction projects have been launched all over the world, while most of these projects attach importance to restoration but neglect management, then it's hard to make full use of the comprehensive benefits of wetland restoration project. This thesis chooses reed community of artificial restoration in Suzhou Taihu National Tourism Vacation Zone as the study object. The growth status of common reed, soil nutrients, microbes and enzyme activities were analyzed in order to provide basis for the management of wetland restoration projects. The main results were as follows:
1. The density and stem height of reed community under two treatments was significant differences, the stem height of cutting model was 3.27±0.12m, while it was 1.19 times higher than naturally reserved one. The density of reed was 43±2 trunk·m-2, it dropped almost a quarter. There was no remarkable impact on the biomass and stem diameter under two treatments.
2. There was no significant effect on soil nutrients except available phosphorus under two treatments, compared with the uncutting treatment, the available phosphorus decreased 25.73%, 21.70% and 30.23% in the same soil lay in cutting treatment. The seasonal changes of soil nutrients under two controls showed that the content in spring and autumn was higher than in summer and winter.
3. The number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes decreased with the increased depth of the soil layer under two treatments, there was no significant differences between the same soil layer under two treatments. The seasonal changes of bacteria and actinomycetes quantity were autumn>spring>winter>summer, while fungi quantity was spring>autumn>winter>summer in two controls.
4. There was significant effect on soil invertase activity and alkaline phosphates under two treatments, soil invertase activity in surface and subsurface was decreased 36.05%and 19.75% in cutting treatment and alkaline phosphates of surface decreased 30.85%, compared with uncutting treatment, while there was no significant effect on urease and catalase activity. The seasonal changes of surface soil (0～10cm) enzyme activities under two control showed that the soil enzyme activities were higher in spring and autumn, lower in winter and summer.
5. The correlation analysis showed that:there was a very positive correlation between soil nutrients, microbes and enzyme activities. The path analysis showed that the main cause of deceasing enzyme activities was deceased of soil nutrient content by reed cutting.
1.两种处理方式下的芦苇的株高和密度差异性显著,收割移出方式下的芦苇高度为3.27±0.12m,是自然保留方式下的1.19倍,而芦苇的密度为43±2株.m-2,比自然保留处理下的下降了近1/4,两种处理方式下的芦苇的生物量和株茎差异性不显著。
2.两种处理方式下的土壤有效磷含量差异性显著,与自然保留的处理方式相比,收割移出方式的表层、中层和下层土壤有效磷分别减少了25.73%、21.70%和30.23%,而其他土壤养分均有下降趋势但差异性不显著。两种处理方式下的表层(0～10cm)土壤养分含量均表现出一定的季节变化规律,即春秋两季的土壤养分含量高于冬季和夏季。
3.两种处理方式下的土壤微生物均表现为随土层加深土壤微生物数量显著减少,两种处理对应土层土壤微生物差异不显著；两种处理方式下的表层土壤(0-10cm)细菌和放线菌数量的季节变化都表现为,秋季>春季>冬季>夏季,而真菌数量则表现为,春季>秋季>冬季>夏季。
4.两种处理方式下的土壤蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性差异性显著,与自然保留方式相比,蔗糖酶活性在表层和中层分别下降了36.05%和19.75%,碱性磷酸酶在表层下降了30.85%,而收割对土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性未产生显著的影响。从土壤酶活性的季节变化来看,表层土壤(0～10cm)土壤酶活性均表现出冬夏两季较低而春秋两季较高。
5.相关性分析表明：土壤养分、土壤微生物和土壤酶活性之间存在着明显的相关关系,土壤养分和土壤微生物数量对土壤酶活性的通径分析表明：芦苇收割导致土壤养分含量的下降是土壤酶活性降低的主要原因之一。
As a kind of aquatic-terrestrial ecotone, riparian wetland plays an important role in water conservation, defending flood and drought, maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance, easing non-point pollution and so on. In recent years, because of the degradation of riparian wetland, a series of riparian wetland restoration and reconstruction projects have been launched all over the world, while most of these projects attach importance to restoration but neglect management, then it's hard to make full use of the comprehensive benefits of wetland restoration project. This thesis chooses reed community of artificial restoration in Suzhou Taihu National Tourism Vacation Zone as the study object. The growth status of common reed, soil nutrients, microbes and enzyme activities were analyzed in order to provide basis for the management of wetland restoration projects. The main results were as follows:
1. The density and stem height of reed community under two treatments was significant differences, the stem height of cutting model was 3.27±0.12m, while it was 1.19 times higher than naturally reserved one. The density of reed was 43±2 trunk·m-2, it dropped almost a quarter. There was no remarkable impact on the biomass and stem diameter under two treatments.
2. There was no significant effect on soil nutrients except available phosphorus under two treatments, compared with the uncutting treatment, the available phosphorus decreased 25.73%, 21.70% and 30.23% in the same soil lay in cutting treatment. The seasonal changes of soil nutrients under two controls showed that the content in spring and autumn was higher than in summer and winter.
3. The number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes decreased with the increased depth of the soil layer under two treatments, there was no significant differences between the same soil layer under two treatments. The seasonal changes of bacteria and actinomycetes quantity were autumn>spring>winter>summer, while fungi quantity was spring>autumn>winter>summer in two controls.
4. There was significant effect on soil invertase activity and alkaline phosphates under two treatments, soil invertase activity in surface and subsurface was decreased 36.05%and 19.75% in cutting treatment and alkaline phosphates of surface decreased 30.85%, compared with uncutting treatment, while there was no significant effect on urease and catalase activity. The seasonal changes of surface soil (0～10cm) enzyme activities under two control showed that the soil enzyme activities were higher in spring and autumn, lower in winter and summer.
5. The correlation analysis showed that:there was a very positive correlation between soil nutrients, microbes and enzyme activities. The path analysis showed that the main cause of deceasing enzyme activities was deceased of soil nutrient content by reed cutting.
引文
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