五里湖湖滨带生态修复效果与水体富营养化评价
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摘要
随着人类对环境资源开发利用力度的日益增加,大量含氮、磷元素营养物质的污染物不断排入湖泊、水库和河流,增加了水体的营养物质负荷量,加速了水体富营养化的速度。虽然目前传统的水处理方法工艺流程已经很成熟,但对于湖泊,河流等开放性水体的治理确存在着极大的局限性。鉴于这种情况,近年来水体生物修复技术成为研究焦点,而在整套修复技术的研究之中又以水体微生物的研究最受关注。
(1)经过2007年2月到2008年1月对蠡湖公园人工湿地系统9项水质指标的监测,通过对比修复中心区、修复水质区及湖滨水质区的指标监测结果发现蠡湖公园人工湿地系统作为人工生态修复系统,对五里湖湖滨带水体CODMn、TP、TN、NH4+-N等污染物去除有明显促进作用,同时还具有稳定水体DO的作用。对湖滨带水体有明显的修复效果。
(2)通过分类将五里湖湖滨带分为湖滨修复区、湖滨水质区和湖滨景观区。经过2007年2月到2008年1月对其水质进行的采样分析,发现五里湖湖滨修复区TP、TN、CODMn、NH4+-N等主要水质指标较其它两个区域都有明显改善,体现出良好的生态修复效果。相关性统计分析表明五里湖水质指标中TP、CODMn、TN、NH4+-N四个指标互呈显著正相关关系,其中TP与TN和CODMn的相关性最显著;水体细菌总数与水温存在显著正相关关系。通过聚类统计分析将水质指标划分为三类:TP、CODMn、TN、NH4+-N;水体总菌数和水温;DO和SD,反映出五里湖水体污染主要来自于非点源污染,其水体富营养化处于发展阶段。
(3)利用SPSS软件对9项水质指标进行主成分分析并进行重要度排序,得出TP、TN、CODMn、NH4+-N、DO五项指标能反映水质状况的绝大部分信息,因此选取它们作为聚类指标,参照中国湖泊富营养化评价标准,将富营养化分为4个级别作为4个灰类,将指标监测数据和灰类值进行无量纲化处理后,通过灰色聚类法对五里湖水体春、夏、秋、冬四季及年均的富营养化程度进行了评价。结果表明:2007年一年内,五里湖湖滨带水体都处于富营养(III)级状态。
With the increase exploitation of the natural resources, especially the water resources, more pollution containing nitrogen and phosphorus has been discharged into lakes, reservoirs and rivers continuously. It increases the quantity of nutriment substance and accelerates the speed of eutrophication in waterbody. The traditional process flow of water treatment is already mature. But for some open water area such as rivers and lakes, the process flow has large limitation. As to this condition, ecological remediation has been international research focus in resent years. And the microorganisms related to the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from eutrophicated water have attracted more attention.
(1) By contrast with the water quality indices in the Lihu Park from Feb. 2007 to Jan. 2008, such indices as TP, TN, CODMn and NH4+-N in the restoration center were much better than those in the restoration area and the lakeside zone. Artificial wetland system could promote elimination of pollutant in the water. It also stabilized the concentration of DO in the water and could obviously restore the lakeside zone.
(2) The lakeside zone of Wuli Lake was separated into the three parts the restoration area, the water quality area and the tourism areas. Annual analysis of the lakeside zone shows that such indices as TP, TN, CODMn and NH4+-N in the restoration area were much better than those in the other two. It indicates that the lakeside zone of Wuli Lake was remediate evidently. The Person Correlation Analysis shows that there was the positive correlation among the four water quality indices including TP、CODMn、TN and NH4+-N. Of them, TP, TN and CODMn were the most distinct while the temperature and the total number of bacteria was obviously positive. By using the Cluster Analysis, the water indices were separated into the three sorts. The first was TP, CODMn, TN and NH4+-N, the second was temperature and the total number of bacteria; and the third was DO and SD. In a word, the most important pollution of Wuli Lake was the nonpoint sources and the eutrophication in Wuli Lake was developing.
(3) Through the Principal Component Analysis by SPSS, TP, TN, CODMn, NH4+-N, DO were the five most important indices and could be clustering indices. Eutrophication degree is divided into four levels (four gray classifications) according to the eutrophication standard of lake. The measured data of those clustering indices and the value of gray classifications were disposed with non-dimension data to evaluate eutrophication of Wuli Lake in four seasons by use of grey clustering method. The results show that the trophic level of annual mean and four seasons in the lakeside zone of Wuli lake was at eutrophic level.
(1)经过2007年2月到2008年1月对蠡湖公园人工湿地系统9项水质指标的监测,通过对比修复中心区、修复水质区及湖滨水质区的指标监测结果发现蠡湖公园人工湿地系统作为人工生态修复系统,对五里湖湖滨带水体CODMn、TP、TN、NH4+-N等污染物去除有明显促进作用,同时还具有稳定水体DO的作用。对湖滨带水体有明显的修复效果。
(2)通过分类将五里湖湖滨带分为湖滨修复区、湖滨水质区和湖滨景观区。经过2007年2月到2008年1月对其水质进行的采样分析,发现五里湖湖滨修复区TP、TN、CODMn、NH4+-N等主要水质指标较其它两个区域都有明显改善,体现出良好的生态修复效果。相关性统计分析表明五里湖水质指标中TP、CODMn、TN、NH4+-N四个指标互呈显著正相关关系,其中TP与TN和CODMn的相关性最显著;水体细菌总数与水温存在显著正相关关系。通过聚类统计分析将水质指标划分为三类:TP、CODMn、TN、NH4+-N;水体总菌数和水温;DO和SD,反映出五里湖水体污染主要来自于非点源污染,其水体富营养化处于发展阶段。
(3)利用SPSS软件对9项水质指标进行主成分分析并进行重要度排序,得出TP、TN、CODMn、NH4+-N、DO五项指标能反映水质状况的绝大部分信息,因此选取它们作为聚类指标,参照中国湖泊富营养化评价标准,将富营养化分为4个级别作为4个灰类,将指标监测数据和灰类值进行无量纲化处理后,通过灰色聚类法对五里湖水体春、夏、秋、冬四季及年均的富营养化程度进行了评价。结果表明:2007年一年内,五里湖湖滨带水体都处于富营养(III)级状态。
With the increase exploitation of the natural resources, especially the water resources, more pollution containing nitrogen and phosphorus has been discharged into lakes, reservoirs and rivers continuously. It increases the quantity of nutriment substance and accelerates the speed of eutrophication in waterbody. The traditional process flow of water treatment is already mature. But for some open water area such as rivers and lakes, the process flow has large limitation. As to this condition, ecological remediation has been international research focus in resent years. And the microorganisms related to the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from eutrophicated water have attracted more attention.
(1) By contrast with the water quality indices in the Lihu Park from Feb. 2007 to Jan. 2008, such indices as TP, TN, CODMn and NH4+-N in the restoration center were much better than those in the restoration area and the lakeside zone. Artificial wetland system could promote elimination of pollutant in the water. It also stabilized the concentration of DO in the water and could obviously restore the lakeside zone.
(2) The lakeside zone of Wuli Lake was separated into the three parts the restoration area, the water quality area and the tourism areas. Annual analysis of the lakeside zone shows that such indices as TP, TN, CODMn and NH4+-N in the restoration area were much better than those in the other two. It indicates that the lakeside zone of Wuli Lake was remediate evidently. The Person Correlation Analysis shows that there was the positive correlation among the four water quality indices including TP、CODMn、TN and NH4+-N. Of them, TP, TN and CODMn were the most distinct while the temperature and the total number of bacteria was obviously positive. By using the Cluster Analysis, the water indices were separated into the three sorts. The first was TP, CODMn, TN and NH4+-N, the second was temperature and the total number of bacteria; and the third was DO and SD. In a word, the most important pollution of Wuli Lake was the nonpoint sources and the eutrophication in Wuli Lake was developing.
(3) Through the Principal Component Analysis by SPSS, TP, TN, CODMn, NH4+-N, DO were the five most important indices and could be clustering indices. Eutrophication degree is divided into four levels (four gray classifications) according to the eutrophication standard of lake. The measured data of those clustering indices and the value of gray classifications were disposed with non-dimension data to evaluate eutrophication of Wuli Lake in four seasons by use of grey clustering method. The results show that the trophic level of annual mean and four seasons in the lakeside zone of Wuli lake was at eutrophic level.
引文
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