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斜向预应力混凝土路面研究
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摘要
普通水泥混凝土路面(PCCP)具有强度高、稳定性好、耐久性好、造价适中、夜间行车可视性好等诸多优点,但是由于PCCP设置接缝过多,接缝处极易破坏,造成病害。预应力混凝土路面可采用很少的横向接缝达到表面平整、行车舒适的要求,但是传统预应力混凝土路面预应力筋纵向布置,不会产生横向预应力,在荷载作用下,仍有可能产生纵向裂缝,本文提出的斜向预应力混凝土路面(Cross-tensioned Prestressed ConcretePavement,简称CPCP)充分利用混凝土的抗压强度远大于抗拉强度的特性,预先在其工作截面上施加斜向预应力,使板内产生纵向和横向两个方向的压应力,由此大大提高混凝土路面的承载能力,减少横向接缝,消除纵向裂缝,提高了行车舒适性和路面耐久性。目前,斜向预应力混凝土路面研究在国内外尚属空白。本文对斜向预应力混凝土路面进行了如下较为系统深入的研究。
     1.首先根据斜向预应力混凝土路面构成,基于ANSYS三维有限元法,分别建立了混凝土板、斜向预应力筋、地基有限元模型,提出了斜向预应力筋等效模型和符合斜向预应力混凝土路面工作状况的板底接触模型。
     2.基于斜向预应力混凝土路面力学模型,对斜向预应力混凝土路面进行数值模拟,通过有限元模拟和理论分析,预估了预应力施加阶段和使用阶段的各项预应力损失,系统分析了预应力作用位置、板底摩擦系数、板厚、预应力筋布设角度、间距以及直径大小对路面板应力的影响,研究了预应力施加后板底应力分布,通过锚固区应力分析,进行了配筋设计,确定了合理的张拉顺序。
     3.基于有限元分析,通过室内足尺模型试验,对斜向预应力混凝土路面的施工工艺、预应力筋张拉过程中路面板应力分布及板的位移变化、施加荷载后路面板应力变化进行了研究。结果表明,施加预应力后板内应力分布与理论值基本吻合。试验证明斜向预应力混凝土路面技术的可行性。
     4.对斜向预应力混凝土路面使用阶段的荷载应力、温度应力进行研究,深入系统研究各参数对斜向预应力混凝土路面应力的影响规律,为路面设计和施工提供了理论依据。
     5.基于理论分析和室内足尺模型试验,铺筑了国际上首条斜向预应力混凝土路面实体工程试验路,提出一整套施工工艺、施工流程,并对试验路进行了观测。测试结果以及竣工后的使用情况表明,试验路达到设计要求,施工方法可行。
     6.采用寿命周期费用分析方法,评价了斜向预应力混凝土路面、钢纤维混凝土路面和普通混凝土路面的经济性。结果表明,在设计基准期内,斜向预应力混混凝土路面较其他两种路面使用寿命长,可在较长时间内保持良好的服务水平,大大减少寿命周期费用。
Portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP) possesses both advantages, such as highstrength, good stability, proper cost, good sight on night riding etc, and disadvantages as toomany transverse joints, Joints are weakest parts of the porland cement concrete pavement, thedeterioration ofen happens at the transverse joints. The problem could be solved by theprestressed concrete pavement to eliminate transverse joints, But traditional prestressedconcrete pavement is often used by the way of longitudinal prestressed; this longitudinalprestressed concrete pavement can not solve the longitudinal cracking problems under theload. This study put forward the new concept of cross-tensioned prestressed concretepavement (CPCP), the pavement takes advantage of the compressive strength of concrete ismuch larger than tensile strength, the post-tensioned strands can be arranged diagonally,introducing compressive stresses in the concrete slab to improve the capacity of concrete,eliminate transverse joints, improve the driving comfort. Oblique force can produce twodirection prestress, it is suitable for the the force condition of pavement. At present, researchon cross-tensioned prestressed concrete pavement is blank in China and foreign countries.Systemic research on cross-tensioned prestressed concrete pavement is done in the paper.
     1. The finite model of cross-tensioned prestressed concrete pavement is first built in thepaper based on ANSYS. the concrete slab, the prestress tendon, the subgrade finite elementmodel are established, The prestress tendon and the dealing model of friction of slab bottomcorresponding to the condition of CPCP are put forward.
     2. Based on mechanical model of the cross-tensioned prestressed concrete pavement, thepavement numerical simulation is done, prestress loss is predicted by the formula and finiteelement simulation, the influence of prestress tendon acting position, friction coefficient,slabthickness,the angle and distance of prestress tendon, diameter are analyzed, tension sequenceis determined. In addition, anchorage zone is designed.
     3. A full scale model test was carried out indoor based on theoretical analysis, the resultsshow that stress distribution in the slab is consistent with the theoretical value. It is provedthat cross-tensioned prestressed concrete pavement is feasible.
     4. The influence factors on load stress and temperature stress are analyzed, this can provide the evidence for pavement structure design. The effect of a series of factors isdiscussed.
     5. Based on theoretical analysis and full scale model test, the test road was constructedinternationally, construction technology and construction process are put forward, and testroad is observed. The test results and service condition after completion show that the roadreaches design requirements, construction technology is feasible.
     6. Econmy property of different structure of cross-tensioned prestressed concretepavement, steel fiber concrete pavement and the traditional concrete pavement is evaluated bylife cycle cost analysis method. The result indicates that cross-tensioned prestressed concretepavement can prolong service life, decrease the cost of travel time prediction, vehicletraveling and accident, keep high service capacity during period of time and decrease time lifecycle greatly in project standard periods.
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