水氮耦合对日光温室独本菊‘神马’生长影响的模拟研究
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摘要
干物质生产与分配是观赏植物外观品质形成的基础。水分和氮素都是影响植物干物质生产和分配的重要营养元素。为定量研究水氮耦合对日光温室独本菊生长的影响,本研究以秋菊品种‘神马’(Chrysanthemum morifolium'Jinba')为试验材料,于2006年8月-2008年7月在北京日光温室内进行了不同定植期和不同水分、氮素及水氮耦合的栽培试验,以冠层吸收的生理辐热积为预测指标,分别定量分析了水分、氮素对独本菊叶片最大总光合速率、叶面积指数和干物质分配指数动态的影响,在此基础上确定了水氮耦合方式及水氮耦合系数。分别建立了水分、氮素及水氮耦合对日光温室独本菊生长影响的模拟模型,并用与建立模型相独立的数据对模型进行了检验。结果表明,以上模型对日光温室独本菊叶面积指数、总干重以及地上部各器官干重预测结果较好。本研究建立的模型为日光温室中秋菊品种‘神马’生产中的水氮管理提供理论依据和决策支持。
(1)水分对日光温室独本菊‘神马’生长影响的模拟。定量分析了水分对叶面积指数,叶片最大总光合速率及对日光温室独本菊地上部以及地上部各器官的干物质分配指数动态的影响。结果表明,当土壤水势高于或者等于-20kPa时,叶面积指数,叶片光合速率及干物质分配,维持在较高的水平且无明显变化；但是当土壤水势低于-20kPa时,则随土壤水势降低而显著地线性递减。因此-20kPa可以作为北京日光温室独本菊‘神马’水分管理的临界水势。
以冠层吸收的生理辐热积为预测指标,建立了水分对日光温室独本菊干物质生产及分配影响的模拟模型,并结合已有的光合驱动的作物生长模型,预测了不同水分条件下的植株干物质量及各器官干重,并用与建立模型相独立的数据对模型进行了检验。结果表明,模型对日光温室独本菊叶面积指数和总干重及各器官的干重预测结果较好,在叶面积指数、植株干物质量及地上部分干重以及叶、茎、花干重的预测中,预测值与实测值基于1：1线的决定系数(r2)值分别为0.91、0.84、0.85、0.85、0.86、0.83；相对回归估计标准误(rRMSE)分别为0.25、0.32、0.29、0.29、0.28、0.16。
(2)氮素对日光温室独本菊‘神马’干物质生产及分配影响的模拟。定量分析了氮素对叶面积指数,叶片最大总光合速率及对日光温室独本菊地上部以及地上部各器官的干物质分配指数动态的影响。结果表明,当花芽分化期的叶片累积氮含量高于或等于1.70g m-2时,叶面积指数及干物质分配指数,维持在较高的水平且无明显变化；但是当叶片累积氮含量低于1.70g m-2时,冠层叶面积指数及干物质分配指数则随叶片累积氮含量降低而显著地线性递减。干物质分配指数的变化趋势同叶面积指数、叶片光合速率的变化趋势相似。随着叶片累积氮含量的增加叶片最大总光合速率增大,最大总光合速率与叶片累积氮含量呈指数的关系。因此,根据试验结果,花芽分化期的叶片累积氮含量1.70g m-2可以作为北京地区日光温室独本菊生产中的氮肥管理指标。
以冠层吸收的生理辐热积为预测指标,建立了氮素对日光温室独本菊干物质生产及分配影响的模拟模型,并结合已有的光合驱动的作物生长模型,预测了不同氮素条件下的植株干物质量及各器官干重,并用与建立模型相独立的数据对模型进行了检验。模型对日光温室独本菊叶面积指数和总干重及各器官的干重预测结果较好,结果表明,在叶面积指数、植株干物质量及地上部分干重、叶、茎、花干重的预测中,预测值与实测值基于1：1线的决定系数(r2)值分别为0.92、0.89、0.90、0.88、0.85、0.89；相对回归估计标准误(rRMSE)分别为0.21、0.26、0.26、0.25、0.25、0.06。
(3)水氮耦合对日光温室独本菊‘神马’干物质生产及分配影响的模拟。通过定量分析水分、氮素对日光温室独本菊生长的影响,确定水氮耦合条件下水氮耦合方式及水氮耦合系数。本试验结果确定的水氮耦合方式,为水分影响因子、氮素影响因子及水氮耦合系数的乘积。当水氮耦合系数大于1时,土壤水势或者叶片累积氮含量与该参数的变化是正相关,且耦合系数越大时,说明该参数受到水氮耦合效应影响越大,如采收时的叶分配指数,地上分配指数的增加速率；当水氮耦合系数小于1时,土壤水势或者叶片累积氮含量与该参数的变化是负相关,当耦合系数越小时,说明该参数受到水氮耦合效应影响越大,如采收时的茎分配指数,叶分配指数的增加速率。
以冠层吸收的生理辐热积为预测指标,建立了水氮耦合对日光温室独本菊生长影响的模拟模型,并结合已有的光合驱动的作物生长模型,预测了不同水氮耦合条件下的植株干物质量及各器官干重,并用与建立模型相独立的数据对模型进行了检验。模型对日光温室独本菊叶面积指数和总干重及各器官的干重预测结果较好,结果表明,在叶面积指数、植株干物质量及地上部分干重、叶、茎、花干重的预测中,预测值与实测值基于1：1线的决定系数(r2)值分别为0.89、0.84、0.83、0.84、0.82、0.85；相对回归估计标准误(rRMSE)分别为0.33、0.34、0.31、0.30、0.32、O.10。
本研究建立的模型可以根据定植期、定植密度、冠层封行日期、短日照开始处理日期、土壤水势、叶片累积氮含量和日光温室内太阳辐射和温度信息等资料,动态预测日光温室独本菊‘神马’叶面积指数、植株干物质量及各器官的干重。可以为我国温室独本菊‘神马’生产的水氮管理提供理论依据和决策支持。
Dry matter production and dry matter partitioning is the base of external quality formation of ornamental plants. Water and nitrogen are the important factors affecting dry matter production and dry matter partitioning of plants. The aim of this study is to quantitatively investigate the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the growth of solar greenhouse standard cut chrysanthemum in solar greenhouse. Experiments of standard cut chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium'Jinba') with different planting dates and different levels of water levels and nitrogen application rates were conducted in a solar greenhouse in Beijing during August,2006 and July,2008. The integrated photo-thermal index (PTI), defined as the daily average normalized thermal time multiplies by the daily total PAR intercepted, was used to describe the changes of leaf area index (LAI), the maximum leaf gross photosynthetic rate (Pg.max) and the partitioning indices of leaf, stem and flower with development stages. Also the way of water and nitrogen coupling and coefficients of water and nitrogen coupling were confirmed. Effects of the soil water potential, accumulated leaf nitrogen content, water and nitrogen coupling on the dynamics of the maximum leaf gross photosynthetic rate, canopy LAI and the partitioning indices of leaf, stem and flower were respectively quantified based on experimental data. Based on these quantitative relationships, models for predicting the effects of water, nitrogen, water and nitrogen coupling on dry matter production and partitioning of standard cut chrysanthemum in solar greenhouse were developed. Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The results showed that the model developed in this study can predict canopy LAI, total dry weight, dry weight of stem, leaf and flower of the standard cut chrysanthemum plants grown in the solar greenhouse satisfactorily, hence, can be used for optimization water and nitrogen management for solar greenhouse standard cut chrysanthemum production.
(1) Quantifying the effects of soil water potential on the growth of standard cut Chrysanthemum 'Jinba' in solar greenhouse.The aim of the study was to quantitatively investigate the effects of water on canopy LAI,Pg,max and dry matter partitioning of solar greenhouse standard cut chrysanthemum. The results showed that canopy LAI, Pg,max and dry matter partitioning indices kept at more or less the same level when soil water potential was equal or above -20kPa, but decreased linearly with the decrease of soil water potential when soil water potential was below -20kPa. So the critical soil water potential for the growth of standard cut chrysanthemum crops was determined as-20 kPa.
With PTI as the predicting index, a model for predicting the effects of soil water potential on the growth of standard cut chrysanthemum in solar greenhouse was developed. Integrated with the crop growth model, the model predicted dry matter production and different organs dry weight. Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The model developed gives satisfactory predictions of canopy LAI, dry matter production and different organs dry weight of standard cut chrysanthemum The result showed that the coefficient of determination (r2) between the predicted and measured values of LAI, dry matter production, dry weight of shoot, leaf, stem, flower based on the 1:1 line were 0.91, 0.84,0.85,0.85,0.86,0.83, respectively; and the relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) between the predicted and the measured values were 0.25,0.32,0.29,0.29,0.28,0.16.
(2) Quantifying the effects of nitrogen on the growth of standard cut Chrysanthemum 'Jinba' in solar greenhouse. The aim of the study was to quantitatively investigate the effects of nitrogen on canopy LAI, Pg;max and dry matter partitioning of solar greenhouse standard cut chrysanthemum. The results showed that canopy LAI and dry matter partitioning indices kept at more or less the same level when the accumulated leaf nitrogen content at flower initiation stage was equal or above 1.70 g m-2, but decreased linearly with the decrease of the maximum leaf nitrogen content when the accumulated leaf nitrogen content was below 1.70 g m-2. The leaf gross photosynthetic rate increased with the increase of the accumulated leaf nitrogen content and their relationship was exponential. So the critical the accumulated leaf nitrogen content at flower initiation stage for the growth of standard cut chrysanthemum crops was determined as 1.70 g m-2.
With PTI as the predicting index, a model for predicting the effects of nitrogen on the growth of standard cut chrysanthemum in solar greenhouse was developed. Integrated with the crop growth model, the model predicted dry matter production and different organs dry weight. Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The model developed gives satisfactory predictions of canopy LAI, dry matter production and different organs dry weight of standard cut chrysanthemum. The result showed that the coefficient of determination (r) between the predicted and measured values of canopy LAI, dry matter production, dry weight of shoot, leaf, stem, flower based on the 1:1 line were 0.92,0.89, 0.90,0.88,0.85,0.89, respectively; and the relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) between the predicted and the measured values were 0.21,0.26,0.26,0.25,0.25,0.06.
(3) Quantifying the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the growth of standard cut Chrysanthemum 'Jinba' in solar greenhouse. Based on quantificationally analysis of the effects of water, nitrogen on the growth of standard cut Chrysanthemum 'Jinba' in solar greenhouse, the way of water and nitrogen coupling and coefficients of water and nitrogen coupling were confirmed. Water limit factors, nitrogen limit factors and coefficients of water and nitrogen coupling were multiplied as the way of water and nitrogen coupling. When coefficient of water and nitrogen coupling was above 1, the change of the parameter was positive with soil water potential or leaf nitrogen content. The larger of the coefficient of water and nitrogen coupling of the parameter, the stronger of the effect of water and nitrogen coupling was shown on the parameter, such as the leaf partitioning index on harvesting date, the increasing rate of shoot partitioning index. When coefficient of water and nitrogen coupling was below 1, the change of the parameter was negative with soil water potential or leaf nitrogen content. The smaller of the coefficient of water and nitrogen coupling of the parameter, the stronger of the effect of water and nitrogen coupling was shown on the parameter, such as the stem partitioning index on harvesting date, the increasing rate of leaf partitioning index.
With PTI as the predicting index, a model for predicting the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the growth of standard cut chrysanthemum in solar greenhouse was developed. Integrated with the crop growth model, the model predicted dry matter production and different organs dry weight. Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The model developed gives satisfactory predictions of LAI, dry matter production and different organs dry weight of standard cut chrysanthemum. The result showed that the coefficient of determination (r2) between the predicted and measured values of LAI, dry matter production, dry weight of shoot, leaf, stem, flower based on the 1:1 line were 0.89, 0.84,0.83,0.84,0.82,0.85, respectively; and the relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) between the predicted and the measured values were 0.33,0.34,0.31,0.30,0.32,0.10.
In this study, the model was developed for predicting canopy leaf area index, dry matter production and different organs dry weight by inputting the data of planting date, planting density, the date when the canopy of the crop was closed, the start date of short day, soil water potential, accumulated leaf nitrogen content, air temperature and PAR in the greenhouse. The model can be used for optimizing water and nitrogen management for standard cut Chrysanthemum 'Shenma' in solar greenhouse.
(1)水分对日光温室独本菊‘神马’生长影响的模拟。定量分析了水分对叶面积指数,叶片最大总光合速率及对日光温室独本菊地上部以及地上部各器官的干物质分配指数动态的影响。结果表明,当土壤水势高于或者等于-20kPa时,叶面积指数,叶片光合速率及干物质分配,维持在较高的水平且无明显变化；但是当土壤水势低于-20kPa时,则随土壤水势降低而显著地线性递减。因此-20kPa可以作为北京日光温室独本菊‘神马’水分管理的临界水势。
以冠层吸收的生理辐热积为预测指标,建立了水分对日光温室独本菊干物质生产及分配影响的模拟模型,并结合已有的光合驱动的作物生长模型,预测了不同水分条件下的植株干物质量及各器官干重,并用与建立模型相独立的数据对模型进行了检验。结果表明,模型对日光温室独本菊叶面积指数和总干重及各器官的干重预测结果较好,在叶面积指数、植株干物质量及地上部分干重以及叶、茎、花干重的预测中,预测值与实测值基于1：1线的决定系数(r2)值分别为0.91、0.84、0.85、0.85、0.86、0.83；相对回归估计标准误(rRMSE)分别为0.25、0.32、0.29、0.29、0.28、0.16。
(2)氮素对日光温室独本菊‘神马’干物质生产及分配影响的模拟。定量分析了氮素对叶面积指数,叶片最大总光合速率及对日光温室独本菊地上部以及地上部各器官的干物质分配指数动态的影响。结果表明,当花芽分化期的叶片累积氮含量高于或等于1.70g m-2时,叶面积指数及干物质分配指数,维持在较高的水平且无明显变化；但是当叶片累积氮含量低于1.70g m-2时,冠层叶面积指数及干物质分配指数则随叶片累积氮含量降低而显著地线性递减。干物质分配指数的变化趋势同叶面积指数、叶片光合速率的变化趋势相似。随着叶片累积氮含量的增加叶片最大总光合速率增大,最大总光合速率与叶片累积氮含量呈指数的关系。因此,根据试验结果,花芽分化期的叶片累积氮含量1.70g m-2可以作为北京地区日光温室独本菊生产中的氮肥管理指标。
以冠层吸收的生理辐热积为预测指标,建立了氮素对日光温室独本菊干物质生产及分配影响的模拟模型,并结合已有的光合驱动的作物生长模型,预测了不同氮素条件下的植株干物质量及各器官干重,并用与建立模型相独立的数据对模型进行了检验。模型对日光温室独本菊叶面积指数和总干重及各器官的干重预测结果较好,结果表明,在叶面积指数、植株干物质量及地上部分干重、叶、茎、花干重的预测中,预测值与实测值基于1：1线的决定系数(r2)值分别为0.92、0.89、0.90、0.88、0.85、0.89；相对回归估计标准误(rRMSE)分别为0.21、0.26、0.26、0.25、0.25、0.06。
(3)水氮耦合对日光温室独本菊‘神马’干物质生产及分配影响的模拟。通过定量分析水分、氮素对日光温室独本菊生长的影响,确定水氮耦合条件下水氮耦合方式及水氮耦合系数。本试验结果确定的水氮耦合方式,为水分影响因子、氮素影响因子及水氮耦合系数的乘积。当水氮耦合系数大于1时,土壤水势或者叶片累积氮含量与该参数的变化是正相关,且耦合系数越大时,说明该参数受到水氮耦合效应影响越大,如采收时的叶分配指数,地上分配指数的增加速率；当水氮耦合系数小于1时,土壤水势或者叶片累积氮含量与该参数的变化是负相关,当耦合系数越小时,说明该参数受到水氮耦合效应影响越大,如采收时的茎分配指数,叶分配指数的增加速率。
以冠层吸收的生理辐热积为预测指标,建立了水氮耦合对日光温室独本菊生长影响的模拟模型,并结合已有的光合驱动的作物生长模型,预测了不同水氮耦合条件下的植株干物质量及各器官干重,并用与建立模型相独立的数据对模型进行了检验。模型对日光温室独本菊叶面积指数和总干重及各器官的干重预测结果较好,结果表明,在叶面积指数、植株干物质量及地上部分干重、叶、茎、花干重的预测中,预测值与实测值基于1：1线的决定系数(r2)值分别为0.89、0.84、0.83、0.84、0.82、0.85；相对回归估计标准误(rRMSE)分别为0.33、0.34、0.31、0.30、0.32、O.10。
本研究建立的模型可以根据定植期、定植密度、冠层封行日期、短日照开始处理日期、土壤水势、叶片累积氮含量和日光温室内太阳辐射和温度信息等资料,动态预测日光温室独本菊‘神马’叶面积指数、植株干物质量及各器官的干重。可以为我国温室独本菊‘神马’生产的水氮管理提供理论依据和决策支持。
Dry matter production and dry matter partitioning is the base of external quality formation of ornamental plants. Water and nitrogen are the important factors affecting dry matter production and dry matter partitioning of plants. The aim of this study is to quantitatively investigate the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the growth of solar greenhouse standard cut chrysanthemum in solar greenhouse. Experiments of standard cut chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium'Jinba') with different planting dates and different levels of water levels and nitrogen application rates were conducted in a solar greenhouse in Beijing during August,2006 and July,2008. The integrated photo-thermal index (PTI), defined as the daily average normalized thermal time multiplies by the daily total PAR intercepted, was used to describe the changes of leaf area index (LAI), the maximum leaf gross photosynthetic rate (Pg.max) and the partitioning indices of leaf, stem and flower with development stages. Also the way of water and nitrogen coupling and coefficients of water and nitrogen coupling were confirmed. Effects of the soil water potential, accumulated leaf nitrogen content, water and nitrogen coupling on the dynamics of the maximum leaf gross photosynthetic rate, canopy LAI and the partitioning indices of leaf, stem and flower were respectively quantified based on experimental data. Based on these quantitative relationships, models for predicting the effects of water, nitrogen, water and nitrogen coupling on dry matter production and partitioning of standard cut chrysanthemum in solar greenhouse were developed. Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The results showed that the model developed in this study can predict canopy LAI, total dry weight, dry weight of stem, leaf and flower of the standard cut chrysanthemum plants grown in the solar greenhouse satisfactorily, hence, can be used for optimization water and nitrogen management for solar greenhouse standard cut chrysanthemum production.
(1) Quantifying the effects of soil water potential on the growth of standard cut Chrysanthemum 'Jinba' in solar greenhouse.The aim of the study was to quantitatively investigate the effects of water on canopy LAI,Pg,max and dry matter partitioning of solar greenhouse standard cut chrysanthemum. The results showed that canopy LAI, Pg,max and dry matter partitioning indices kept at more or less the same level when soil water potential was equal or above -20kPa, but decreased linearly with the decrease of soil water potential when soil water potential was below -20kPa. So the critical soil water potential for the growth of standard cut chrysanthemum crops was determined as-20 kPa.
With PTI as the predicting index, a model for predicting the effects of soil water potential on the growth of standard cut chrysanthemum in solar greenhouse was developed. Integrated with the crop growth model, the model predicted dry matter production and different organs dry weight. Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The model developed gives satisfactory predictions of canopy LAI, dry matter production and different organs dry weight of standard cut chrysanthemum The result showed that the coefficient of determination (r2) between the predicted and measured values of LAI, dry matter production, dry weight of shoot, leaf, stem, flower based on the 1:1 line were 0.91, 0.84,0.85,0.85,0.86,0.83, respectively; and the relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) between the predicted and the measured values were 0.25,0.32,0.29,0.29,0.28,0.16.
(2) Quantifying the effects of nitrogen on the growth of standard cut Chrysanthemum 'Jinba' in solar greenhouse. The aim of the study was to quantitatively investigate the effects of nitrogen on canopy LAI, Pg;max and dry matter partitioning of solar greenhouse standard cut chrysanthemum. The results showed that canopy LAI and dry matter partitioning indices kept at more or less the same level when the accumulated leaf nitrogen content at flower initiation stage was equal or above 1.70 g m-2, but decreased linearly with the decrease of the maximum leaf nitrogen content when the accumulated leaf nitrogen content was below 1.70 g m-2. The leaf gross photosynthetic rate increased with the increase of the accumulated leaf nitrogen content and their relationship was exponential. So the critical the accumulated leaf nitrogen content at flower initiation stage for the growth of standard cut chrysanthemum crops was determined as 1.70 g m-2.
With PTI as the predicting index, a model for predicting the effects of nitrogen on the growth of standard cut chrysanthemum in solar greenhouse was developed. Integrated with the crop growth model, the model predicted dry matter production and different organs dry weight. Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The model developed gives satisfactory predictions of canopy LAI, dry matter production and different organs dry weight of standard cut chrysanthemum. The result showed that the coefficient of determination (r) between the predicted and measured values of canopy LAI, dry matter production, dry weight of shoot, leaf, stem, flower based on the 1:1 line were 0.92,0.89, 0.90,0.88,0.85,0.89, respectively; and the relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) between the predicted and the measured values were 0.21,0.26,0.26,0.25,0.25,0.06.
(3) Quantifying the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the growth of standard cut Chrysanthemum 'Jinba' in solar greenhouse. Based on quantificationally analysis of the effects of water, nitrogen on the growth of standard cut Chrysanthemum 'Jinba' in solar greenhouse, the way of water and nitrogen coupling and coefficients of water and nitrogen coupling were confirmed. Water limit factors, nitrogen limit factors and coefficients of water and nitrogen coupling were multiplied as the way of water and nitrogen coupling. When coefficient of water and nitrogen coupling was above 1, the change of the parameter was positive with soil water potential or leaf nitrogen content. The larger of the coefficient of water and nitrogen coupling of the parameter, the stronger of the effect of water and nitrogen coupling was shown on the parameter, such as the leaf partitioning index on harvesting date, the increasing rate of shoot partitioning index. When coefficient of water and nitrogen coupling was below 1, the change of the parameter was negative with soil water potential or leaf nitrogen content. The smaller of the coefficient of water and nitrogen coupling of the parameter, the stronger of the effect of water and nitrogen coupling was shown on the parameter, such as the stem partitioning index on harvesting date, the increasing rate of leaf partitioning index.
With PTI as the predicting index, a model for predicting the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the growth of standard cut chrysanthemum in solar greenhouse was developed. Integrated with the crop growth model, the model predicted dry matter production and different organs dry weight. Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The model developed gives satisfactory predictions of LAI, dry matter production and different organs dry weight of standard cut chrysanthemum. The result showed that the coefficient of determination (r2) between the predicted and measured values of LAI, dry matter production, dry weight of shoot, leaf, stem, flower based on the 1:1 line were 0.89, 0.84,0.83,0.84,0.82,0.85, respectively; and the relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) between the predicted and the measured values were 0.33,0.34,0.31,0.30,0.32,0.10.
In this study, the model was developed for predicting canopy leaf area index, dry matter production and different organs dry weight by inputting the data of planting date, planting density, the date when the canopy of the crop was closed, the start date of short day, soil water potential, accumulated leaf nitrogen content, air temperature and PAR in the greenhouse. The model can be used for optimizing water and nitrogen management for standard cut Chrysanthemum 'Shenma' in solar greenhouse.
引文
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