茂名高岭土下脚料的活化及其制备C100高性能混凝土的研究
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摘要
茂名高岭土是当地极具特色的矿产资源,储量丰富且结晶度好。但是茂名高岭土的开发利用程度远远不够,特别是涂布用高岭土产生的大量下脚料(数量占了近三成)成为了废弃物,不仅资源没有得到有效利用,而且对环境产生了一定的压力。
鉴于目前国内外关于偏高岭土作为混凝土的高活性矿物掺合料的研究越来越多,并且有研究表明其活性有可能超过硅灰,本文对茂名高岭土下脚料的基本特性及活化制度作了详细的研究,并且研究将其作为高活性矿物掺合料制备高性能混凝土。
实验通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、综合热分析仪、比表面分析仪等对茂名高岭土下脚料的结构特性进行了表征;并且通过对偏高岭土的活化机理的系统研究,摸索出茂名高岭土的最佳煅烧活化工艺;在此基础之上,对活化高岭土下脚料制备的高性能混凝土的工作性能、物理力学性能和耐久性进行了试验研究,并与硅灰和稻壳灰做了对比。研究结果表明,以活化高岭土下脚料配制的高强混凝土,强度可以与硅灰相媲美,等级达到C100。
1、通X射线衍射发现茂名高岭土下脚料的成分与原矿有些不同,下脚料中除还有高岭石相以外,还含有大约13%的石英相。这使得高岭土下脚料的活性比原矿偏低。另外通过SEM分析发现下脚料的结晶程度很好。
2、从茂名高岭土下脚料和原矿的热重分析图可以看出,茂名高岭土下脚料的煅烧活化温度范围与原矿相同,大约在530℃开始脱去羟基,生成偏高岭土;到1007℃左右发生重结晶,生成尖晶石相。
3、通过对偏高岭土活化制度的系统试验研究,证明不同的煅烧温度及粉磨时间对偏高岭土活性影响较大。偏高岭土的最佳锻烧温度为700℃左右,综合考虑偏高岭土比表面积的增大对其活性和需水性的影响,取偏高岭土最佳粉磨时间为1h。
4、由于偏高岭土比表面积大,需水量大,在一定程度上限制了其作为超级火山灰材料的应用,研究了复合化对偏高岭土性能的改善的作用。证明偏高岭土与粉煤灰、矿渣复掺可以大幅度改善水泥与高效减水剂的相容性;提高水泥的抗压强度;改善水泥浆体的微观结构。偏高岭土、矿渣、粉煤灰三掺效果最好。
5、利用X射线、扫描电镜等微观测试手段,对不掺和掺加偏高岭土、硅灰、稻壳灰水泥体系的水化产物、水泥混凝土界面进行了对比分析。掺偏高岭土、硅灰的水泥与不掺的相比,其水化产物主要为水化硅酸钙C-S-H、AFT等,基本找不到Ca(OH)_2,偏高岭土、硅灰中活性组分与水泥熟料矿物水化产物反应生成的C-S-H凝胶和AFt,填充于浆体孔隙中,使水泥浆体结构趋于致密,有利于水泥强度的增长。
6、通过对由偏高岭土和硅灰制备的混凝土工作性、强度和耐久性相关特性进行对比研究,证明由煅烧偏高岭上配制的混凝土强度达到了117Mpa,坍落度达25cm,扩展度63cm,扩散系数达9.285E-10cm~2/s,可以与硅灰相媲美,能满足超高性能混凝土的技术要求,是制备超高性能混凝土的理想矿物掺合料。
Maoming Kaolin is very local characteristics of mineral resources, with abundant reserves and the good crystallization. However, the development and utilization of Maoming kaolin is far from enough, especially coated with kaolin have a lot of byproduct (nearly 30% of the total number) to become a byproduct, not only did not receive effective use of resources, the environment offered a certain amount of pressure.
In view of the present, metakaolin as a concrete high-activity mineral admixture have be studied more and more at home and abroad , and some studies show that their activity may be more than silicon gray. In this paper, the basic characteristics and the activation of Maoming Kaolin byproduct have had a detailed study, and it had been used to made high-performance concrete as a high mineral admixture.
The structure of kaolin byproduct have characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), integrated thermal analysis instrument, the surface area of Maoming, etc. characterized the activation of metakaolin, kaolin has explored the best calcined kaolin activation process; On this basis, the work performance, physical and mechanical properties and durability of high-performance concrete used high-activated metakaolin have been studyied,comparied with silica fume and rice husk ash. The results show that high-strength concrete strength with high-activated can be comparable with silica fume, strength rating to 100 MPa.
1,X-ray found that the composition of Maoming Kaolin byproduct and ore is slightly different, in addition to kaolinite phase, byproduct also contains about 13% of the quartz phase.the activity of kaolin is slingtly low than kaolin ore. Another analysis by SEM found that the crystal degree of kaolin byproduct is very good.
2, from the re-analysis of the heat between Maoming kaolin ore and byproduct ,can see that the calcined temperature range between kaolin byproduct and ore Tended to the same, hydroxy started taking off when about 530°C, generating metakaolin to the 1007℃occurred recrystallization, generating Spinel.
3, through the totally study of activation system of Metakaolin ,proved that it can be a greater impact on activity of Metakaolin .the best calcination temperature of Metakaolin is 700 - 800℃. considered the impact of activity and water from surface area of Metakaolin,I think the best grinding time of Metakaolin is 1 h.
4, As surface area, water demand Metakaolin to a certain extent, as a Super ash materials the Application is to be restricted.Studied the composite of the partial role in improving the performance of kaolin.Proved that metakaolin and fly ash, slag-doped cement can greatly improve the compatibility of superplasticizer; increase the compressive strength of cement; improve the micro-structure of cement slurry. Metakaolin, slag and fly ash three-doped is the best.
5, compared analysed hydration products and cement concrete interface of no admixture and adding metakaolin, silicon dust, rice husk ash through X-ray, scanning electron microscopy and other means of micro-testing. Compared to non-doped cement, Partial-doped kaolin, the hydration products of silica fume cement is mainly calcium silicate hydrate CSH、AFT, and Ca (OH)_2 can not be finded . the active component in metakaolin and silica fume can reacte with Hydration products of cement clinker to create the CSH gel and AFt .and the outcome can fill in the pores, so that cement paste can form dense structure conducived to the growth of cement strength.
6, passed by the comparative study of the relevant characteristics in concrete work, strength and durability of kaolin and silica fume that calcined, prove that the concrete preparated with metakaolin strength reached 117 Mpa, slump of 25 cm, expansion of 63cm, diffusion coefficient of 9.285E-10cm~2/s.and can be comparable to silica fume, meet the technical requirements of high-performance concrete, and it is the ideal preparation minerals Admixture.
鉴于目前国内外关于偏高岭土作为混凝土的高活性矿物掺合料的研究越来越多,并且有研究表明其活性有可能超过硅灰,本文对茂名高岭土下脚料的基本特性及活化制度作了详细的研究,并且研究将其作为高活性矿物掺合料制备高性能混凝土。
实验通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、综合热分析仪、比表面分析仪等对茂名高岭土下脚料的结构特性进行了表征;并且通过对偏高岭土的活化机理的系统研究,摸索出茂名高岭土的最佳煅烧活化工艺;在此基础之上,对活化高岭土下脚料制备的高性能混凝土的工作性能、物理力学性能和耐久性进行了试验研究,并与硅灰和稻壳灰做了对比。研究结果表明,以活化高岭土下脚料配制的高强混凝土,强度可以与硅灰相媲美,等级达到C100。
1、通X射线衍射发现茂名高岭土下脚料的成分与原矿有些不同,下脚料中除还有高岭石相以外,还含有大约13%的石英相。这使得高岭土下脚料的活性比原矿偏低。另外通过SEM分析发现下脚料的结晶程度很好。
2、从茂名高岭土下脚料和原矿的热重分析图可以看出,茂名高岭土下脚料的煅烧活化温度范围与原矿相同,大约在530℃开始脱去羟基,生成偏高岭土;到1007℃左右发生重结晶,生成尖晶石相。
3、通过对偏高岭土活化制度的系统试验研究,证明不同的煅烧温度及粉磨时间对偏高岭土活性影响较大。偏高岭土的最佳锻烧温度为700℃左右,综合考虑偏高岭土比表面积的增大对其活性和需水性的影响,取偏高岭土最佳粉磨时间为1h。
4、由于偏高岭土比表面积大,需水量大,在一定程度上限制了其作为超级火山灰材料的应用,研究了复合化对偏高岭土性能的改善的作用。证明偏高岭土与粉煤灰、矿渣复掺可以大幅度改善水泥与高效减水剂的相容性;提高水泥的抗压强度;改善水泥浆体的微观结构。偏高岭土、矿渣、粉煤灰三掺效果最好。
5、利用X射线、扫描电镜等微观测试手段,对不掺和掺加偏高岭土、硅灰、稻壳灰水泥体系的水化产物、水泥混凝土界面进行了对比分析。掺偏高岭土、硅灰的水泥与不掺的相比,其水化产物主要为水化硅酸钙C-S-H、AFT等,基本找不到Ca(OH)_2,偏高岭土、硅灰中活性组分与水泥熟料矿物水化产物反应生成的C-S-H凝胶和AFt,填充于浆体孔隙中,使水泥浆体结构趋于致密,有利于水泥强度的增长。
6、通过对由偏高岭土和硅灰制备的混凝土工作性、强度和耐久性相关特性进行对比研究,证明由煅烧偏高岭上配制的混凝土强度达到了117Mpa,坍落度达25cm,扩展度63cm,扩散系数达9.285E-10cm~2/s,可以与硅灰相媲美,能满足超高性能混凝土的技术要求,是制备超高性能混凝土的理想矿物掺合料。
Maoming Kaolin is very local characteristics of mineral resources, with abundant reserves and the good crystallization. However, the development and utilization of Maoming kaolin is far from enough, especially coated with kaolin have a lot of byproduct (nearly 30% of the total number) to become a byproduct, not only did not receive effective use of resources, the environment offered a certain amount of pressure.
In view of the present, metakaolin as a concrete high-activity mineral admixture have be studied more and more at home and abroad , and some studies show that their activity may be more than silicon gray. In this paper, the basic characteristics and the activation of Maoming Kaolin byproduct have had a detailed study, and it had been used to made high-performance concrete as a high mineral admixture.
The structure of kaolin byproduct have characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), integrated thermal analysis instrument, the surface area of Maoming, etc. characterized the activation of metakaolin, kaolin has explored the best calcined kaolin activation process; On this basis, the work performance, physical and mechanical properties and durability of high-performance concrete used high-activated metakaolin have been studyied,comparied with silica fume and rice husk ash. The results show that high-strength concrete strength with high-activated can be comparable with silica fume, strength rating to 100 MPa.
1,X-ray found that the composition of Maoming Kaolin byproduct and ore is slightly different, in addition to kaolinite phase, byproduct also contains about 13% of the quartz phase.the activity of kaolin is slingtly low than kaolin ore. Another analysis by SEM found that the crystal degree of kaolin byproduct is very good.
2, from the re-analysis of the heat between Maoming kaolin ore and byproduct ,can see that the calcined temperature range between kaolin byproduct and ore Tended to the same, hydroxy started taking off when about 530°C, generating metakaolin to the 1007℃occurred recrystallization, generating Spinel.
3, through the totally study of activation system of Metakaolin ,proved that it can be a greater impact on activity of Metakaolin .the best calcination temperature of Metakaolin is 700 - 800℃. considered the impact of activity and water from surface area of Metakaolin,I think the best grinding time of Metakaolin is 1 h.
4, As surface area, water demand Metakaolin to a certain extent, as a Super ash materials the Application is to be restricted.Studied the composite of the partial role in improving the performance of kaolin.Proved that metakaolin and fly ash, slag-doped cement can greatly improve the compatibility of superplasticizer; increase the compressive strength of cement; improve the micro-structure of cement slurry. Metakaolin, slag and fly ash three-doped is the best.
5, compared analysed hydration products and cement concrete interface of no admixture and adding metakaolin, silicon dust, rice husk ash through X-ray, scanning electron microscopy and other means of micro-testing. Compared to non-doped cement, Partial-doped kaolin, the hydration products of silica fume cement is mainly calcium silicate hydrate CSH、AFT, and Ca (OH)_2 can not be finded . the active component in metakaolin and silica fume can reacte with Hydration products of cement clinker to create the CSH gel and AFt .and the outcome can fill in the pores, so that cement paste can form dense structure conducived to the growth of cement strength.
6, passed by the comparative study of the relevant characteristics in concrete work, strength and durability of kaolin and silica fume that calcined, prove that the concrete preparated with metakaolin strength reached 117 Mpa, slump of 25 cm, expansion of 63cm, diffusion coefficient of 9.285E-10cm~2/s.and can be comparable to silica fume, meet the technical requirements of high-performance concrete, and it is the ideal preparation minerals Admixture.
引文
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