滨海电厂温排水管理研究
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摘要
火(核)电厂温排水对受纳水体生态环境造成的影响,一直是火(核)电厂建设及水资源保护工作需要密切关注的问题,也是环境科技工作者研究的一个重要内容。特别是在电力行业迅速发展的今天,循环冷却水量日益增加,对水环境的影响已经不容忽视。而我国目前温排水的管理问题还没有得到足够的重视,对于温排水的排放还没有制定专门的排放标准,造成在评价温排水问题时无标准可依。
本文在对相关领域研究进展进行综合概述的基础上,根据目前我国的温排水管理现状提出了温排水管理在法律、标准、技术、综合利用方面的问题,结合国际上的管理经验,以环境管理学为理论基础从法律、经济、技术和政策等方面提出了适合我国温排水管理的对策。最后以华电胶南电厂为例采用不规则三角形网格的分步杂交方法建立了水动力模型,以该模型为基础建立了一个用于预测热电厂温排水对受纳水体温升分布的二维热输运数学模型,分析了电厂温排放对海洋环境的影响范围及对海洋生态环境的影响。结果表明,温排水正常排放时,虽然不会造成大范围水域内生物的消失,但确实对水域的生态环境存在一定的影响。最后,对胶南电厂的管理及余热利用方式提出了具体的建议。
通过本文对温排水管理问题的探讨,希望能对我国温排水的管理、排放标准政策法规的制定及余热利用提供参考。
The ecological impact of heated discharge of thermoelectric (nuclear) power plant is all along the attentive problem in the consturetion of plant and the protection of water resource,is also an important part of environmental researehers. With the quick development of power plnat industry, the quantity of thermal discharge incearses gradually and so dose its effect on water enviormnent. This also brings people to pay moer attention to the effect. But it doesn’t have special criterion of the warm water drainage at present, so many problems on the warm water management appear in our contury.
Based on the comprehensive summary of the progress in related area and the present situation of the warm water in our country, the paper indicates our country environmental management’s problems of the warm water. Based on the environment management, proposes strategy of the warm water management in law、economy、technic and policy. Take the HUANENG power plant in JIAONAN city for example. The tidal current field is numerically simulated using the split steps finite-element method. And then,two dimensional model of the transport and diffusion for the warm water is established. According to this numerical model, the concentration distribution of the warm water in the warm water drainage and the area of its influence are numerically predicted. Analyze the effects on ocean ecosystem brought by the warm water. Finally, propose strategy in management of warm water and utilization of waste heat.
By the study of the warm water management, The paper may give reference to the management of the warm water, the criterion of the warm water drainage and utilization of waste heat.
本文在对相关领域研究进展进行综合概述的基础上,根据目前我国的温排水管理现状提出了温排水管理在法律、标准、技术、综合利用方面的问题,结合国际上的管理经验,以环境管理学为理论基础从法律、经济、技术和政策等方面提出了适合我国温排水管理的对策。最后以华电胶南电厂为例采用不规则三角形网格的分步杂交方法建立了水动力模型,以该模型为基础建立了一个用于预测热电厂温排水对受纳水体温升分布的二维热输运数学模型,分析了电厂温排放对海洋环境的影响范围及对海洋生态环境的影响。结果表明,温排水正常排放时,虽然不会造成大范围水域内生物的消失,但确实对水域的生态环境存在一定的影响。最后,对胶南电厂的管理及余热利用方式提出了具体的建议。
通过本文对温排水管理问题的探讨,希望能对我国温排水的管理、排放标准政策法规的制定及余热利用提供参考。
The ecological impact of heated discharge of thermoelectric (nuclear) power plant is all along the attentive problem in the consturetion of plant and the protection of water resource,is also an important part of environmental researehers. With the quick development of power plnat industry, the quantity of thermal discharge incearses gradually and so dose its effect on water enviormnent. This also brings people to pay moer attention to the effect. But it doesn’t have special criterion of the warm water drainage at present, so many problems on the warm water management appear in our contury.
Based on the comprehensive summary of the progress in related area and the present situation of the warm water in our country, the paper indicates our country environmental management’s problems of the warm water. Based on the environment management, proposes strategy of the warm water management in law、economy、technic and policy. Take the HUANENG power plant in JIAONAN city for example. The tidal current field is numerically simulated using the split steps finite-element method. And then,two dimensional model of the transport and diffusion for the warm water is established. According to this numerical model, the concentration distribution of the warm water in the warm water drainage and the area of its influence are numerically predicted. Analyze the effects on ocean ecosystem brought by the warm water. Finally, propose strategy in management of warm water and utilization of waste heat.
By the study of the warm water management, The paper may give reference to the management of the warm water, the criterion of the warm water drainage and utilization of waste heat.
引文
[1]李海珠.日本核电站温排水对环境影响的评价[J].核工程研究与设计,2007,1:14-16.
[2]Clean Water Act NPDES Permitting Determinations for Thermal Discharge and Cooling Water Intake from Mirant Kendall Station in Cambridge,MA 2004.8.8.
[3]Notification,Ministry of Environment and Forests,New Delhi,the 22nd December,1998.
[4]Cheikh I.Fall,Egypt:EL Kureimat Combined Cycle Power Plant Project(ModuleII), Envrionmental And Social Mangement Plan Summary*,2005,Feb 4th .
[5].Francois boulot.Modeling of heated water discharges on the Frence of the english channel,Proceeding of a Symposium on Ability Acdemic Press.
[6]John M.Hamrikc,Analysis of water tmperature in conowingo Pond as influenced by the Peach Bottom atomic Power Plnat thermal dischgare,Environmental Science&Policy3,2000
[7]陈华,后石电厂温排水的数学模型研究[D].厦门大学硕士论文,2002.
[8]S.W.SUH,A Hybrid Near-Field/Far-Field Thermal Discharge Model for Coastal Areas[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2001,43(7-12):225-233.
[9]S.P.Schreiner,etal,Testing the CORMAX model using Thermal plume data from four Maryland Power Plants [J]. Environmental Modelling&Sonware,2002,17:321-331.
[10]Carlos E.Romero,etal,Develop of an artificial neural network-based sofeware for Prediction of Power Plant canal water discharge temperature [J].Expert Systems with Applications,29:831-838.
[11]杨纯.电厂温排水受纳水域传热与流动的数值计算[J].上海电力学院学报,1995,11(2):l-9.
[12]黄平.汕头港水域温排水热扩散的三维数值模拟[J].海洋环境科学,1996,15(1):59-65.
[13]王丽霞.三维热扩散预测模型[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1998,28(1):29-35.
[14]韩康.三亚电厂温排水数值模拟[J].海洋环境科学,1998,17(2):54-57.
[15]罗斌.有限节点法在电厂温排水计算中的应用[J].电力勘测,1999,1(33):33-40.
[16]盛连喜,孙刚.电厂热排水对水生生态系统的影响[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(6):30-31.
[17]江洧.惠州LNG电厂冷却水工程数值模拟研究[J].广东水利水电,2001,4:10-13.
[18]孙秀敏,张令戈.热电厂温排水排海环境影响预测方法及应用[J].辽宁城乡科技,21(1):30-31.
[19]程杭平.热污染一、二维祸合模型及其应用[J].水动力学研究与进展,2002,17(6):647-655.
[20]曾平,李玉成,赵文谦.带自由表面三维非恒定紊流场的全场数值模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展[J].1995(5):501-509.
[21]张继民.电厂温排水区流动特性分析及模型参数的研究[J].东北水利水电, 2005, 23(253):51-56.
[22]杨芳丽.非正交曲线坐标系平面二维电厂温排水模拟[J].水利水运工程学报,2005,2:36-40.
[23]杨海燕.具有潮流影响的电厂温排放试验研究[J].贵州水力发电,2005,19(1):75-78.
[24]Bush,R.M.,E.B.Welch,&B.W.Mar,1974.Potential Effects of Thermal Discharges On Aquatic Systems.Environmental Science&Technology8(6):561-568.
[25]Goss,D.H.,J.S.Park,C.Y..Hwang,S.H.Huh,&B.C.Cho,2002.Effects of thermal effluents from a power station on bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates in coastal waters. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 229:1-10.
[26]金腊华,黄报远.湛江电厂对周围水域生态的影响分析[J].生态科学,2003,22(2):165-167.
[27]金琼贝,盛连喜.1989,电厂温排水对浮游动物的影响[J].环境科学学报,9(2):208-217.
[28]Marlene S,GlennJ,DonnaI.1986,The effects of power plant passage on Zooplankton mortalities.Eighe years of study at the Donald C.Cook Nucler Plant[J].Water Research.20(6):725-734
[29]胡德良,杨华南.热排放对湘江大型底栖无脊椎动物的影响[J].环境污染治理技术与设备.200l,2(l):25-27,8.
[30]周解,何安尤.贵港新建火电厂温排水对水生生物影响的预测[A].广西水产研究所论文集(2001-2005); 2006年.
[31]黄宗国,启泉.核电站与生态系.海洋环境科学[J].1989,8(4):36-40.
[32]http://vm,nthu.edu.tm/science/shows/t-fish/fish-04-b.html.
[33]央视国际,记者调查.污染侵扰长江水,2007年06月13日.
[34]刘兰芬,贺益英,潘荔.电厂余热综合利用研究评价—全国火电厂余热利用情况调查报告,中国水利水电科学院电力环评中心,家电力公司环保办公室,1999年.
[35]王丽霞,孙英兰.热扩散预测方法研究概况:Ⅰ[1].影响海洋水温的因素[J].海洋科学.1997,5:24-28.
[36] GB3838-2002,《地表水环境质量标准》.
[37] GB3097-97,《海水水质标准》.
[38] GB5084.92,《农田灌溉水质标准》.
[39]姚成平,张家福.水环境数学模型数值方法比较[J].环境,2006,S1:169-170.
[40]白志鹏,王珺.环境管理学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.
[41]陈惠泉.温排水环境影响的评估问题[A].电厂温排水环境影响研讨会论文集,2006.
[42] GB8978-1996,《污水综合排放标准》.
[43]吴碧君,吴时强.阳宗海电厂改建工程温排水对湖水温度预测及对水生物的影响分析[J].电力环境保护,1996,12(4):31-37.
[44]蔡惠文,孙英兰.扩散模型源项选取及数值实验[J].山东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,18(6):84-87.
[45]罗斌,朱京兴,唐辉.有限节点法在电厂温排水计算中的应用[J].电力勘探,1999,1:33-40.
[46]徐啸,匡翠萍.漳州后石电厂温排水数学模型[J].台湾海峡1998,17(2):195-200.
[47]余明辉,裴华.一种预测火电厂温排水影响的数值模型[J].电力环境保护,1996,12(3):15-41.
[48]霍水晶,电厂温排水对湿地生态系统的影响研究[D].南京师范大学硕士论文
[49]《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》.
[50]《中华人民共和国水污染防治法实施细则》.
[51]《中华人民共和国水法》.
[52]《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002).
[53]赵志强,赵志明.火力发电厂节能降耗的探讨[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2007,20:94-95.
[54]吴江航,韩庆书.计算流体力学的理论方法及应用[M],北京:科学出版社1998,5:243-257
[55]王学昌,孙长青,孙英兰等.填海造地对胶州湾水动力环境影响数值研究[J].海洋环境科学,2000,19(3):55-59.
[56]张继民.电厂温排水对水生生物的热影响及水质影响研究[D],河海大学硕士论文.
[57]周巧菊.大亚湾热污染研究[D].华东师范大学硕士论文.
[58]金岚.水域热影响概论[M].高教出版社,1993年.
[2]Clean Water Act NPDES Permitting Determinations for Thermal Discharge and Cooling Water Intake from Mirant Kendall Station in Cambridge,MA 2004.8.8.
[3]Notification,Ministry of Environment and Forests,New Delhi,the 22nd December,1998.
[4]Cheikh I.Fall,Egypt:EL Kureimat Combined Cycle Power Plant Project(ModuleII), Envrionmental And Social Mangement Plan Summary*,2005,Feb 4th .
[5].Francois boulot.Modeling of heated water discharges on the Frence of the english channel,Proceeding of a Symposium on Ability Acdemic Press.
[6]John M.Hamrikc,Analysis of water tmperature in conowingo Pond as influenced by the Peach Bottom atomic Power Plnat thermal dischgare,Environmental Science&Policy3,2000
[7]陈华,后石电厂温排水的数学模型研究[D].厦门大学硕士论文,2002.
[8]S.W.SUH,A Hybrid Near-Field/Far-Field Thermal Discharge Model for Coastal Areas[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2001,43(7-12):225-233.
[9]S.P.Schreiner,etal,Testing the CORMAX model using Thermal plume data from four Maryland Power Plants [J]. Environmental Modelling&Sonware,2002,17:321-331.
[10]Carlos E.Romero,etal,Develop of an artificial neural network-based sofeware for Prediction of Power Plant canal water discharge temperature [J].Expert Systems with Applications,29:831-838.
[11]杨纯.电厂温排水受纳水域传热与流动的数值计算[J].上海电力学院学报,1995,11(2):l-9.
[12]黄平.汕头港水域温排水热扩散的三维数值模拟[J].海洋环境科学,1996,15(1):59-65.
[13]王丽霞.三维热扩散预测模型[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1998,28(1):29-35.
[14]韩康.三亚电厂温排水数值模拟[J].海洋环境科学,1998,17(2):54-57.
[15]罗斌.有限节点法在电厂温排水计算中的应用[J].电力勘测,1999,1(33):33-40.
[16]盛连喜,孙刚.电厂热排水对水生生态系统的影响[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(6):30-31.
[17]江洧.惠州LNG电厂冷却水工程数值模拟研究[J].广东水利水电,2001,4:10-13.
[18]孙秀敏,张令戈.热电厂温排水排海环境影响预测方法及应用[J].辽宁城乡科技,21(1):30-31.
[19]程杭平.热污染一、二维祸合模型及其应用[J].水动力学研究与进展,2002,17(6):647-655.
[20]曾平,李玉成,赵文谦.带自由表面三维非恒定紊流场的全场数值模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展[J].1995(5):501-509.
[21]张继民.电厂温排水区流动特性分析及模型参数的研究[J].东北水利水电, 2005, 23(253):51-56.
[22]杨芳丽.非正交曲线坐标系平面二维电厂温排水模拟[J].水利水运工程学报,2005,2:36-40.
[23]杨海燕.具有潮流影响的电厂温排放试验研究[J].贵州水力发电,2005,19(1):75-78.
[24]Bush,R.M.,E.B.Welch,&B.W.Mar,1974.Potential Effects of Thermal Discharges On Aquatic Systems.Environmental Science&Technology8(6):561-568.
[25]Goss,D.H.,J.S.Park,C.Y..Hwang,S.H.Huh,&B.C.Cho,2002.Effects of thermal effluents from a power station on bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates in coastal waters. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 229:1-10.
[26]金腊华,黄报远.湛江电厂对周围水域生态的影响分析[J].生态科学,2003,22(2):165-167.
[27]金琼贝,盛连喜.1989,电厂温排水对浮游动物的影响[J].环境科学学报,9(2):208-217.
[28]Marlene S,GlennJ,DonnaI.1986,The effects of power plant passage on Zooplankton mortalities.Eighe years of study at the Donald C.Cook Nucler Plant[J].Water Research.20(6):725-734
[29]胡德良,杨华南.热排放对湘江大型底栖无脊椎动物的影响[J].环境污染治理技术与设备.200l,2(l):25-27,8.
[30]周解,何安尤.贵港新建火电厂温排水对水生生物影响的预测[A].广西水产研究所论文集(2001-2005); 2006年.
[31]黄宗国,启泉.核电站与生态系.海洋环境科学[J].1989,8(4):36-40.
[32]http://vm,nthu.edu.tm/science/shows/t-fish/fish-04-b.html.
[33]央视国际,记者调查.污染侵扰长江水,2007年06月13日.
[34]刘兰芬,贺益英,潘荔.电厂余热综合利用研究评价—全国火电厂余热利用情况调查报告,中国水利水电科学院电力环评中心,家电力公司环保办公室,1999年.
[35]王丽霞,孙英兰.热扩散预测方法研究概况:Ⅰ[1].影响海洋水温的因素[J].海洋科学.1997,5:24-28.
[36] GB3838-2002,《地表水环境质量标准》.
[37] GB3097-97,《海水水质标准》.
[38] GB5084.92,《农田灌溉水质标准》.
[39]姚成平,张家福.水环境数学模型数值方法比较[J].环境,2006,S1:169-170.
[40]白志鹏,王珺.环境管理学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.
[41]陈惠泉.温排水环境影响的评估问题[A].电厂温排水环境影响研讨会论文集,2006.
[42] GB8978-1996,《污水综合排放标准》.
[43]吴碧君,吴时强.阳宗海电厂改建工程温排水对湖水温度预测及对水生物的影响分析[J].电力环境保护,1996,12(4):31-37.
[44]蔡惠文,孙英兰.扩散模型源项选取及数值实验[J].山东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,18(6):84-87.
[45]罗斌,朱京兴,唐辉.有限节点法在电厂温排水计算中的应用[J].电力勘探,1999,1:33-40.
[46]徐啸,匡翠萍.漳州后石电厂温排水数学模型[J].台湾海峡1998,17(2):195-200.
[47]余明辉,裴华.一种预测火电厂温排水影响的数值模型[J].电力环境保护,1996,12(3):15-41.
[48]霍水晶,电厂温排水对湿地生态系统的影响研究[D].南京师范大学硕士论文
[49]《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》.
[50]《中华人民共和国水污染防治法实施细则》.
[51]《中华人民共和国水法》.
[52]《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002).
[53]赵志强,赵志明.火力发电厂节能降耗的探讨[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2007,20:94-95.
[54]吴江航,韩庆书.计算流体力学的理论方法及应用[M],北京:科学出版社1998,5:243-257
[55]王学昌,孙长青,孙英兰等.填海造地对胶州湾水动力环境影响数值研究[J].海洋环境科学,2000,19(3):55-59.
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