高温高压深井试气管柱受力分析
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摘要
高温高压深井试气管柱受力情况复杂,管柱安全成为试气工程成败的关键因素之一。论文论述了高温高压深井试气过程中APR试气管柱的受力情况,并将试气过程分为试气管柱下入、锚定坐封、开井、射孔、开井流动、关井、油管锚封隔器失效七种工况,依据这七种工况分别对管柱进行受力分析。高温高压深井试气管柱在井下主要受管柱重力、液压力、管柱与套管的接触支反力和流体的粘滞力等,这些作用力使管柱在井下发生变形,若变形过大,可导致管柱及井下工具破坏。试气管柱在井下受力作用及温度变化会产生温度效应、螺旋弯曲效应、鼓胀效应和活塞效应等,从而产生相应的效应力。为了对高温高压深井试气管柱进行受力分析,论文建立了高温高压深井试气管柱的力学分析方法,该方法考虑了井下管柱所受的作用力,实现了试气管柱在井口及封隔器处所受载荷的求解计算、管柱的轴向变形分析、强度校核以及优化设计等多个方面。另外,论文还就封隔器失效、地层异常压力、管柱漏失等高温高压深井试气过程中经常遇到的特殊情况进行了探讨。论文的研究为高温高压深井试气管柱的安全施工提供了依据和分析手段,有利于提高高温高压深井试气的成功率。
The testing string in high temperature and high pressure deep gas well bears complex forces, and the safety of the string has became one of the key factors for the success of testing. Forces absorbed by APR testing string in high temperature and high pressure deep gas well are discussed. Testing process is divided into tripping in, setting, start up, blasting, flowing, shut in and losing effectiveness of packer and tubing anchor. Mechanical analysis for testing string is based on these eight operational modes. The testing string in high temperature and high pressure deep gas well bears gravity, hydraulic pressure, viscous friction force, casing supporting force. These forces make the strings deform at a certain level, and if the deformation is oversized, string and down hole equipment can be destroyed. Forces and temperature fluctuation exert piston effect, helical buckling effect, ballooning effect and temperature effect which can exert effect forces. Based on the study above, an integrated mechanical model of Deep gas well testing string is established. The integrated mechanical model gives simple calculation formulas for various load and axial deformation of string under different working conditions and formulas of string forces at well head and packer. The study conduct intensity check and optimization design on deep gas well testing string according to different working conditions. Then, with the study above, some exceptional cases that usually happen during high temperature and high pressure deep gas well testing are researched like losing effectiveness of packer, abnormal formation pressure, string leakage and string sticking. The study provides calculation criterion and analysis methods for safety in construction of testing string and therefore success rate of testing can be improved.
The testing string in high temperature and high pressure deep gas well bears complex forces, and the safety of the string has became one of the key factors for the success of testing. Forces absorbed by APR testing string in high temperature and high pressure deep gas well are discussed. Testing process is divided into tripping in, setting, start up, blasting, flowing, shut in and losing effectiveness of packer and tubing anchor. Mechanical analysis for testing string is based on these eight operational modes. The testing string in high temperature and high pressure deep gas well bears gravity, hydraulic pressure, viscous friction force, casing supporting force. These forces make the strings deform at a certain level, and if the deformation is oversized, string and down hole equipment can be destroyed. Forces and temperature fluctuation exert piston effect, helical buckling effect, ballooning effect and temperature effect which can exert effect forces. Based on the study above, an integrated mechanical model of Deep gas well testing string is established. The integrated mechanical model gives simple calculation formulas for various load and axial deformation of string under different working conditions and formulas of string forces at well head and packer. The study conduct intensity check and optimization design on deep gas well testing string according to different working conditions. Then, with the study above, some exceptional cases that usually happen during high temperature and high pressure deep gas well testing are researched like losing effectiveness of packer, abnormal formation pressure, string leakage and string sticking. The study provides calculation criterion and analysis methods for safety in construction of testing string and therefore success rate of testing can be improved.
引文
[1]杨雄文,樊洪海,赵立新.预测井筒流动温度分布的新方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008;18(4):76-81.
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[5]朱德武,何汉平.凝析气井井筒温度分布计算[J].天然气工业,1998;18(1):60-62.
[6]蒋凯军.气井不稳定产能评价方法[J].油气井测试,2003;12(1):1-3.
[7]聂锐利,卢德唐等.气井动态产能预测方法研究[J].测井技术,2005;29(6):814-816.
[8]同登科,陈钦雷.关于Laplace数值反演Stehfest方法的一点注记[J].石油学报,2001;22(6):28-29.
[9]张建国,雷光伦,张艳玉.油气层渗流力学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2004:125-129.
[10] G. PAUL WILLHITE,JUNIOR MEMBER AIME.Over-all Heat Transfer Coefficients in Steam And Hot Water Injected Wells[J].JPT,1967,19(5):605—615.
[11]朱德武,郑晓志,陈雷.凝析气井垂直管流计算新方法[J].断块油气田,6(1):44-47
[12] [美]GARY Z.沃特斯著.董启贤译.管线中不稳定流的现代分析和控制[J].第一版北京:石油工业出版社,1987
[13]梁政,邓雄.高温高压井测试管柱力学研究初探[J].天然气工业,1998;18(4):62-65
[14] Mitchell R F.New concepts for helical buckling[J].SPEDE. Sept. 1988
[15]韩志勇.垂直井眼内钻柱的轴向力计算及强度校核[J].石油钻探技术,1995,12(23):8-13
[16]李钦道,谢光平.井内有流体时管柱弯曲临界力分析[J].钻采工艺,2001;24(4):44-46
[17]高宝奎,高德利.高温高压井测试油管轴向力的计算方法及应用[J].石油大学报(自然科学版),2002;26(6):39-41
[18]高宝奎,高德利.高温高压井测试管柱变形增量计算模型[J].天然气工业,2002;22(6):52-54
[19] Mitchell R F.Comprehensive analysis of buckling with friction[J].SPE DE,Sep.1996:178-184
[20]李钦道,谢光平.虚力产生的原因及特点分析[J].钻采工艺,2001;24(5):67-74
[21] Mitchell R F.Forces on curved tubulars caused by fluid flow[J].SPEPF,Feb.1996;11(1)
[22]邓雄,梁政.高温高压深井测试管柱三维力学分析[J].天然气工业,2000;20(4):54-57
[23]梁政,邓雄,余孝林.高温高压深井测试管柱横向振动分析[J].油气井测试,1999;8(4):5-10
[24] Jiang Wu.Coiled tubing buckling implication in drilling and completing horizontal wells[J].SPEDE,March 1995
[25]李钦道,谢光平.初始管柱压缩量计算分析[J].钻采工艺,2001;24(6):48-54
[26] Lubinski A,Athous W S and Lagan J L.Helical buckling of tubing sealed in packers[J].JPT,June 1962
[27] G Paul Willhite,Junior Member Aime.Over-all Heat Transfer Coefficients in Steam And Hot Water Injected Wells[J].JPT,1967;19(5):607—615
[28] Ramey,H.J,Mobll Oll Co..Wellbore Heat Transmission[J].JPT,1962;14(4):427—435.
[29] Jacques Hagoort,Hagoort & Assocs. B.V..Ramey’s Wellbore Heat Transmission Revisited[J].JPT,2004;9(4):465—474.
[30]李子丰.油气井杆管柱力学[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1996:21-95.
[31]高德利,刘希圣,徐秉业.钻柱力学研究的若干基本问题[C].中国石油工程学会钻井基础理论研讨会,1992年8月,大庆.
[32]李子丰,马兴瑞,黄文虎.油气井杆管柱动力学基本方程[J].力学与实践,1995,17(1):40-42.
[33]李子丰,马兴瑞,黄文虎.钻柱力学基本方程及其应用[J].力学学报,1995,27(4):406-414.
[34]江汉石油管理局采油工艺研究所.封隔器理论基础与应用[M].第1版.北京:石油工业出版社,1983:142-145.
[35]生丽敏.井下管柱力学分析及优化设计[D].成都:西南石油学院,2005.
[36]张琪.采油工程原理与设计[M].第一版.东营:石油大学出版社,2000:108-109.
[37]李旭,窦益华.压缩式封隔器胶筒变形阶段力学分析[J].石油矿场机械,2007,36(10):17-19.
[38]窦益华,张福祥.高温高压深井试油井下管柱力学分析及其应用[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(5):17-20.
[39]王祖文,林玉玺,窦益华.大庆油田高温深井试气井下管柱力学分析及应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(6):102-106.
[40] Hammerlindl D J.Movement,Force and Stresses Associated with Combination Tubing Strings Sealed in Packers[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1977,29(1):195-208.
[41]李相方.高温高压气井测试技术[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,2007:1-178.
[42]文浩,杨存旺.试油作业工艺技术[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:20-194.
[43]李钦道,谢光平.自由移动封隔器管柱变形受力分析[J].钻采工艺,2002;25(2):53-57
[44]李钦道,谢光平.不能移动封隔器管柱变形量计算分析[J].钻采工艺,2002;25(1):60-64
[45]冯建华,罗铁军,金学峰,等.双封隔器复合管柱受力分析方法及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,1993,15(2):54-62.
[46]宋翔虎,杜华章.深井压裂工艺管柱的研究[J].石油机械,2006,34(7):72-74.
[47]刘占广.卡瓦式封隔器在井下的受力分析[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(5):53-59.
[48]于同印,曹来庆,刘华.封隔器失效原因[J].油气田地面工程,2003,22(7):81.
[49]杨世豪,马建军,常俊仁.油井管柱漏失的影响因素及诊断方法[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,(19):147-148.
[50]张进德,杨堃，程东民．特殊波在油管漏失定位方面的应用[J].油气井测试,1998,7(2):40-42.
[51]宋德军.管柱卡点计算[J].油气井测试,2008,17(1):15-17.
[52]李志新.测井工程遇卡原因分析与处理[J].地球物理测井,1989,13(5):60-61.
[53]刘琮洁,周祥易.管柱卡点计算公式及应用[J].江汉石油学院学报,2001,23(4):74-76.
[54]李传亮.地层异常压力原因分析[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(4):443-445.
[55]李世临,雷卞军,李皋.地层异常压力成因及对油气勘探开发的影响[J].西部探矿工程,2007,(10):64-67.
[56]刘光蕊,孟韶彬,史彦斌.异常地层压力的形成机理与意义[J].西部探矿工程,2004,(10):52-53.
[57]张法.西峰油田油井防喷工艺研究[J].石油天然气学报,2005,27(4):660-661.
[2]毛伟,梁政.计算气井井筒温度分布的新方法[J].西南石油学院学报,1999;21(1):58-66.
[3]毛伟,梁政.气井井筒压力、温度耦合分析[J].天然气工业,1999;19(6):66-69.
[4]杨志伦.含水气井井筒压力计算方法[J].油气井测试,2007;16(4):4-7.
[5]朱德武,何汉平.凝析气井井筒温度分布计算[J].天然气工业,1998;18(1):60-62.
[6]蒋凯军.气井不稳定产能评价方法[J].油气井测试,2003;12(1):1-3.
[7]聂锐利,卢德唐等.气井动态产能预测方法研究[J].测井技术,2005;29(6):814-816.
[8]同登科,陈钦雷.关于Laplace数值反演Stehfest方法的一点注记[J].石油学报,2001;22(6):28-29.
[9]张建国,雷光伦,张艳玉.油气层渗流力学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2004:125-129.
[10] G. PAUL WILLHITE,JUNIOR MEMBER AIME.Over-all Heat Transfer Coefficients in Steam And Hot Water Injected Wells[J].JPT,1967,19(5):605—615.
[11]朱德武,郑晓志,陈雷.凝析气井垂直管流计算新方法[J].断块油气田,6(1):44-47
[12] [美]GARY Z.沃特斯著.董启贤译.管线中不稳定流的现代分析和控制[J].第一版北京:石油工业出版社,1987
[13]梁政,邓雄.高温高压井测试管柱力学研究初探[J].天然气工业,1998;18(4):62-65
[14] Mitchell R F.New concepts for helical buckling[J].SPEDE. Sept. 1988
[15]韩志勇.垂直井眼内钻柱的轴向力计算及强度校核[J].石油钻探技术,1995,12(23):8-13
[16]李钦道,谢光平.井内有流体时管柱弯曲临界力分析[J].钻采工艺,2001;24(4):44-46
[17]高宝奎,高德利.高温高压井测试油管轴向力的计算方法及应用[J].石油大学报(自然科学版),2002;26(6):39-41
[18]高宝奎,高德利.高温高压井测试管柱变形增量计算模型[J].天然气工业,2002;22(6):52-54
[19] Mitchell R F.Comprehensive analysis of buckling with friction[J].SPE DE,Sep.1996:178-184
[20]李钦道,谢光平.虚力产生的原因及特点分析[J].钻采工艺,2001;24(5):67-74
[21] Mitchell R F.Forces on curved tubulars caused by fluid flow[J].SPEPF,Feb.1996;11(1)
[22]邓雄,梁政.高温高压深井测试管柱三维力学分析[J].天然气工业,2000;20(4):54-57
[23]梁政,邓雄,余孝林.高温高压深井测试管柱横向振动分析[J].油气井测试,1999;8(4):5-10
[24] Jiang Wu.Coiled tubing buckling implication in drilling and completing horizontal wells[J].SPEDE,March 1995
[25]李钦道,谢光平.初始管柱压缩量计算分析[J].钻采工艺,2001;24(6):48-54
[26] Lubinski A,Athous W S and Lagan J L.Helical buckling of tubing sealed in packers[J].JPT,June 1962
[27] G Paul Willhite,Junior Member Aime.Over-all Heat Transfer Coefficients in Steam And Hot Water Injected Wells[J].JPT,1967;19(5):607—615
[28] Ramey,H.J,Mobll Oll Co..Wellbore Heat Transmission[J].JPT,1962;14(4):427—435.
[29] Jacques Hagoort,Hagoort & Assocs. B.V..Ramey’s Wellbore Heat Transmission Revisited[J].JPT,2004;9(4):465—474.
[30]李子丰.油气井杆管柱力学[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1996:21-95.
[31]高德利,刘希圣,徐秉业.钻柱力学研究的若干基本问题[C].中国石油工程学会钻井基础理论研讨会,1992年8月,大庆.
[32]李子丰,马兴瑞,黄文虎.油气井杆管柱动力学基本方程[J].力学与实践,1995,17(1):40-42.
[33]李子丰,马兴瑞,黄文虎.钻柱力学基本方程及其应用[J].力学学报,1995,27(4):406-414.
[34]江汉石油管理局采油工艺研究所.封隔器理论基础与应用[M].第1版.北京:石油工业出版社,1983:142-145.
[35]生丽敏.井下管柱力学分析及优化设计[D].成都:西南石油学院,2005.
[36]张琪.采油工程原理与设计[M].第一版.东营:石油大学出版社,2000:108-109.
[37]李旭,窦益华.压缩式封隔器胶筒变形阶段力学分析[J].石油矿场机械,2007,36(10):17-19.
[38]窦益华,张福祥.高温高压深井试油井下管柱力学分析及其应用[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(5):17-20.
[39]王祖文,林玉玺,窦益华.大庆油田高温深井试气井下管柱力学分析及应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(6):102-106.
[40] Hammerlindl D J.Movement,Force and Stresses Associated with Combination Tubing Strings Sealed in Packers[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1977,29(1):195-208.
[41]李相方.高温高压气井测试技术[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,2007:1-178.
[42]文浩,杨存旺.试油作业工艺技术[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:20-194.
[43]李钦道,谢光平.自由移动封隔器管柱变形受力分析[J].钻采工艺,2002;25(2):53-57
[44]李钦道,谢光平.不能移动封隔器管柱变形量计算分析[J].钻采工艺,2002;25(1):60-64
[45]冯建华,罗铁军,金学峰,等.双封隔器复合管柱受力分析方法及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,1993,15(2):54-62.
[46]宋翔虎,杜华章.深井压裂工艺管柱的研究[J].石油机械,2006,34(7):72-74.
[47]刘占广.卡瓦式封隔器在井下的受力分析[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(5):53-59.
[48]于同印,曹来庆,刘华.封隔器失效原因[J].油气田地面工程,2003,22(7):81.
[49]杨世豪,马建军,常俊仁.油井管柱漏失的影响因素及诊断方法[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,(19):147-148.
[50]张进德,杨堃，程东民．特殊波在油管漏失定位方面的应用[J].油气井测试,1998,7(2):40-42.
[51]宋德军.管柱卡点计算[J].油气井测试,2008,17(1):15-17.
[52]李志新.测井工程遇卡原因分析与处理[J].地球物理测井,1989,13(5):60-61.
[53]刘琮洁,周祥易.管柱卡点计算公式及应用[J].江汉石油学院学报,2001,23(4):74-76.
[54]李传亮.地层异常压力原因分析[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(4):443-445.
[55]李世临,雷卞军,李皋.地层异常压力成因及对油气勘探开发的影响[J].西部探矿工程,2007,(10):64-67.
[56]刘光蕊,孟韶彬,史彦斌.异常地层压力的形成机理与意义[J].西部探矿工程,2004,(10):52-53.
[57]张法.西峰油田油井防喷工艺研究[J].石油天然气学报,2005,27(4):660-661.