徐深气田火山岩气藏分层压裂工艺研究
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摘要
徐家围子断陷深层火山岩储层类型复杂,层段厚,一般为300~400m,最大600m;埋藏深,最深达到4650m;温度高,温度梯度在4.0℃/100m左右,实测温度最高178℃;致密,岩石密度变化较大。常规深井分层压裂工艺技术已经不能满足火山岩储层改造需要。一般多采取逐层打桥塞的方式实现分层压裂,存在单井作业时间长,频繁压井对地层伤害大等问题。为提高深层火山岩气井单井产量和气藏储量动用程度,需要研制适合高温高压储层大规模分层压裂工艺管柱。
分层压裂工艺管柱主要由Y443-108封隔器、Y344-115封隔器、安全接头、水力锚、节流嘴、滑套喷砂器、插入密封段等组成。管柱耐温180℃,工作压力100MPa。管柱结构特点在于两级封隔器之间不采用传统的油管直接相连方式,避免油管连接处由于受轴向拉力出现滑脱事故。压裂时,通过在井口投钢球打开滑套喷砂器的方式转换目的层,实现深层气井高压致密储层不动管柱两个层段的分层改造。采用有限元分析方法校核管柱强度安全可靠。
研制耐高温高压封隔器是深井分层压裂工艺管柱的技术关键。首先,从胶料配方、添加剂、硫化工艺及胶筒结构设计等方面入手,研制在高温高压条件下应用的机械密封性能良好的胶筒。其次,从结构设计、材质、加工工艺等方面开展研究,研制出适应深井高温高压恶劣环境下工作的封隔器。
通过开展冲刷磨损试验,研究了材料硬度和冲刷角度对磨损的影响,总结出材料磨损与冲刷速度的经验公式,推算出大规模压裂时管柱壁厚减薄量,提出提高管柱耐磨性的技术措施。
现场共进行3口井分层压裂现场试验。现场试验表明,在不动管柱条件下,实现两个层段分层改造。管柱下入井段最高温度161.4℃,施工最高压力达到98.0MPa,最大施工排量6.0m~3/min,单井最大加砂140m3,提高了深层火山岩气井压裂施工效率和气藏改造效果。
The form of the Xujiaweizi rift deep volcanic reservoirs is complicate,that’s interval is thick(usually 300-400m),and buryed deep (the most 4650 deepness),and the temperature is higher (geothermal gradient is usually 4℃/100m,measured temperature 178℃supreme),the rock is dence and its non-homogeneous is strong. The traditional deep well separate layer fracturing can’t feet the requirement of reformed the volcanic reservoirs. The technique of separate layer fracturing with the bridge plug zonebyzone have many serious problem,like that the single well’s operation time is length and the layer will be damaged by well killing frequently.
For improve the per well production of deep volcanic gas well and the producing reserves degree of gas reservoir,we developed the separate layer fracturing string which is fit for the require of commercial scale fractureing in high temperature and high pressure working conditions.
The separate layer fracturing string is mainly made up of the Y443-108 packer,Y344-115 packer,safety joint,hydraulic anchor,control choke,sand blaster with scale sleeve, plug-in seal section etc,and it’s working index is 180℃and 100MPa resistant.The two packs are not linked together by the oil tube traditional,that can avoid the accident that the tubing sub throw off since the axial tension.When fractureing,the string immovability separated layer stimulation is fulfillment by the approach that the two intended interval is converted by throw the ball in the well head to open the scale sleeve.The string’intensity is safe and reliable which is checked by the method of finite element.
The research of the overpressure thermal packer is the gordian technique in the deep well fracturing.The packer rubbers are developed though the method from such areas as preferred selection of plastic materials,formulation design,curing process,structural design and plastic tube’s protection.The overpressure thermal packer is developed though the method from such areas asphysical design,material and processing technic etc.
Through the wear test we research the impact that the material hardness and the erosion angle to the rate of wear,conclusion the empirical formula of the relationship in material wear and the eroding velocity,calculate the attrition value of the pipe string wall,propose the technical measure which can strengthen the wear hardness of the string.
This techniques are used 3 times in field,the peak temperature is 161.4℃,maximum pressure of fracturing construction reaches 98MPa,the largest construction displacement is 6.0m3/min,the largest volume of sand in single well is 140m3.The field test import that the string immovability separated layer stimulation of two intended interval was fulfillment,the work efficiency of deep volcanic gas well is speed up and the effect of the gas deposit reformation.is improved.
分层压裂工艺管柱主要由Y443-108封隔器、Y344-115封隔器、安全接头、水力锚、节流嘴、滑套喷砂器、插入密封段等组成。管柱耐温180℃,工作压力100MPa。管柱结构特点在于两级封隔器之间不采用传统的油管直接相连方式,避免油管连接处由于受轴向拉力出现滑脱事故。压裂时,通过在井口投钢球打开滑套喷砂器的方式转换目的层,实现深层气井高压致密储层不动管柱两个层段的分层改造。采用有限元分析方法校核管柱强度安全可靠。
研制耐高温高压封隔器是深井分层压裂工艺管柱的技术关键。首先,从胶料配方、添加剂、硫化工艺及胶筒结构设计等方面入手,研制在高温高压条件下应用的机械密封性能良好的胶筒。其次,从结构设计、材质、加工工艺等方面开展研究,研制出适应深井高温高压恶劣环境下工作的封隔器。
通过开展冲刷磨损试验,研究了材料硬度和冲刷角度对磨损的影响,总结出材料磨损与冲刷速度的经验公式,推算出大规模压裂时管柱壁厚减薄量,提出提高管柱耐磨性的技术措施。
现场共进行3口井分层压裂现场试验。现场试验表明,在不动管柱条件下,实现两个层段分层改造。管柱下入井段最高温度161.4℃,施工最高压力达到98.0MPa,最大施工排量6.0m~3/min,单井最大加砂140m3,提高了深层火山岩气井压裂施工效率和气藏改造效果。
The form of the Xujiaweizi rift deep volcanic reservoirs is complicate,that’s interval is thick(usually 300-400m),and buryed deep (the most 4650 deepness),and the temperature is higher (geothermal gradient is usually 4℃/100m,measured temperature 178℃supreme),the rock is dence and its non-homogeneous is strong. The traditional deep well separate layer fracturing can’t feet the requirement of reformed the volcanic reservoirs. The technique of separate layer fracturing with the bridge plug zonebyzone have many serious problem,like that the single well’s operation time is length and the layer will be damaged by well killing frequently.
For improve the per well production of deep volcanic gas well and the producing reserves degree of gas reservoir,we developed the separate layer fracturing string which is fit for the require of commercial scale fractureing in high temperature and high pressure working conditions.
The separate layer fracturing string is mainly made up of the Y443-108 packer,Y344-115 packer,safety joint,hydraulic anchor,control choke,sand blaster with scale sleeve, plug-in seal section etc,and it’s working index is 180℃and 100MPa resistant.The two packs are not linked together by the oil tube traditional,that can avoid the accident that the tubing sub throw off since the axial tension.When fractureing,the string immovability separated layer stimulation is fulfillment by the approach that the two intended interval is converted by throw the ball in the well head to open the scale sleeve.The string’intensity is safe and reliable which is checked by the method of finite element.
The research of the overpressure thermal packer is the gordian technique in the deep well fracturing.The packer rubbers are developed though the method from such areas as preferred selection of plastic materials,formulation design,curing process,structural design and plastic tube’s protection.The overpressure thermal packer is developed though the method from such areas asphysical design,material and processing technic etc.
Through the wear test we research the impact that the material hardness and the erosion angle to the rate of wear,conclusion the empirical formula of the relationship in material wear and the eroding velocity,calculate the attrition value of the pipe string wall,propose the technical measure which can strengthen the wear hardness of the string.
This techniques are used 3 times in field,the peak temperature is 161.4℃,maximum pressure of fracturing construction reaches 98MPa,the largest construction displacement is 6.0m3/min,the largest volume of sand in single well is 140m3.The field test import that the string immovability separated layer stimulation of two intended interval was fulfillment,the work efficiency of deep volcanic gas well is speed up and the effect of the gas deposit reformation.is improved.
引文
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[2]蔡东梅,孙立东,齐景顺,等.徐家围子断陷火山岩储层特征及演化规律[J].石油学报,2010,(5):400-407.
[3]冯程滨,张玉广,王贤君.深部火山岩储层压裂改造主要技术对策[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,(10):85-88.
[4]曹宝军,李相方,姚约东.火山岩气藏开发难点与对策[J].天然气工业,2007,(8):82-85.
[5]戴平生,杨东,谢朝阳,等.松辽盆地北部深层火山岩气藏压裂配套工艺技术[J].勘探技术,2004,(4):55-60.
[6]王玲,张研,杨辉,等.火山岩天然气藏评价技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2008,(5): 540-548.
[7]靳军,刘洛夫,余兴云,等.陆东一五彩湾地区石炭系火山岩气藏勘探进展[J].天然气工业, 2008,(5): 21-23.
[8]谢晓安,周卓明.松辽盆地深层天然气勘探实践与勘探领域[J].石油与天然气地质, 2008,(1): 113-119.
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