BaFeO_3钙钛矿型稀燃NSR催化剂的制备及其储存与抗硫性能
|
摘要
本文采用柠檬酸作为配体的溶胶凝胶法制备了CA样品,及通过精确调控溶胶pH值制备了PH样品,并以柠檬酸-EDTA作为配体制备了EDTA样品。采用XRD、FT-IR、DRIFTS、NO-TPD、H_2-TPR、O_2-TPD及XPS等手段表征了催化剂的结构、NO_x储存、抗硫和再生性能。XRD结果表明,在750℃空气流动气氛焙烧下的CA样品的主要物相为BaFeO_(2.73)相和BaFeO2.67相以及BaCO_3相和少量的尖晶石相BaFe_2O_4,而PH样品和EDTA样品具有更单一的钙钛矿物相,以及更完整的晶体结构。考察样品在400℃时的NO_x储存性能和抗硫性能,发现虽然PH样品和EDTA样品的NO_x储存性能要小于CA样品,但是它们的抗硫性能要明显好于CA样品。通过对CA样品和EDTA样品的深入研究,发现催化剂中存在两种NO_x储存活性中心位,一种为碳酸钡,NO_x主要以体相硝酸盐的形式储存;另外一种为与A位Ba原子配位的氧空穴,NO_x可以以N-键合的硝酸盐形式储存于此活性位上。对于硫化后样品,研究结果表明EDTA样品表面形成了硫酸铁物种阻碍了钙钛矿结构中Ba的硫酸盐化,使其具有良好的抗硫特性。通过对催化剂再生性能的考察,发现EDTA样品能够很好的实现NO_x吸附-分解循环,从而恢复催化剂的NO_x储存中心。我们进一步比较了不同焙烧温度制得的PH样品和EDTA样品,发现PH样品具有较好的NO_x储存性能、抗硫性能和再生性能。此外,还发现钙钛矿结构中的氧空穴有利于NO_x的储存,同时催化剂表面这种氧空位活性中心的分布也十分重要,当烧结程度过高时,催化剂所含有的氧空位主要集中在体相,表面上的活性中心大幅度减少,造成NO_x储存量的显著下降。综合NO_x储存,抗硫和再生性能, 750℃焙烧的PH样品是该系列钙钛矿型催化剂中最具有开发前景的氮氧化物储存还原催化剂。
The CA and PH samples were prepared by sol-gel method using citrate as the complexing agent, and the pH value of the PH sample was accurately controlled while the CA sample was not. The EDTA sample was prepared in the same way as the PH sample except that citrate and EDTA as the complexing agent. With the help of characterization methods, such as, XRD, FT-IR, DRIFTS, NO-TPD, H_2-TPR, O_2-TPD, and XPS, the NO_x storage capacity (NSC), sulfur resistance and regeneration capabilities, and the structure of the catalysts have been studied. The XRD patterns showed that the phases of the CA sample calcined in the fowing air atmosphere at 750℃were mainly BaFeO_(2.73), BaFeO_(2.67), BaCO_3 and BaFe_2O_4, while the PH and EDTA samples possessed comparatively single perovskite phase and integrated crystalline structure. After the tests of NO_x storage capacity and sulfur resistance capability at 400℃, it was found that the NSC of the CA sample was better than those of PH and EDTA sample. However, the latter two’s sulfur resistance capabilities were obviously beyond the CA sample. The fact that there were two kinds of active sites for NO_x storage in the catalysts was explored through the thorough research on the CA and EDTA samples. One of the two kinds of active sites was the BaCO_3 phase, with the NO_x being stored in the form of bulk nitrates, and the other one was the oxygen vacancies coordinating with the A site Ba, with the NO_x being stored in the form of N-bounded nitrates. When it came to the samples after the SO2 pretreatment, our results indicate that the iron sulfate species were formed on the surface of the EDTA sample to protect the Ba in the perovskite structure from sulfation, so that the EDTA sample performed good catalytic activity on the aspect of sulfur resistance. After the investigation of the catalysts’regeneration ability, it was found that the EDTA sample could realize the circulation of NO_x absorption-decomposition very well, and in this way, the active centres of NO_x storage got recovered. Further comparisons have been made between the PH and EDTA samples which were calcined at different temperatures, and the PH sample showed better NO_x storage capacity, sulfur resistance capability and regeneration ability. Additionally, the oxygen vacancies in the perovskite structure benefited the NO_x storage, so the dispersion of the oxygen vacancies was also very important. When the catalyst was excessively calcined, the oxygen vacancies concentrated in the bulk, which means the decrease of the active centres on the surface, that makes the NSC reduce dramatically. Combing the performances in the three fields, NOx storage, sulfur resistance and regeneration, the PH sample calcined at 750 oC was the one among this series of catalysts that enjoyed great prospect to be developed as the potential NSR catalyst.
The CA and PH samples were prepared by sol-gel method using citrate as the complexing agent, and the pH value of the PH sample was accurately controlled while the CA sample was not. The EDTA sample was prepared in the same way as the PH sample except that citrate and EDTA as the complexing agent. With the help of characterization methods, such as, XRD, FT-IR, DRIFTS, NO-TPD, H_2-TPR, O_2-TPD, and XPS, the NO_x storage capacity (NSC), sulfur resistance and regeneration capabilities, and the structure of the catalysts have been studied. The XRD patterns showed that the phases of the CA sample calcined in the fowing air atmosphere at 750℃were mainly BaFeO_(2.73), BaFeO_(2.67), BaCO_3 and BaFe_2O_4, while the PH and EDTA samples possessed comparatively single perovskite phase and integrated crystalline structure. After the tests of NO_x storage capacity and sulfur resistance capability at 400℃, it was found that the NSC of the CA sample was better than those of PH and EDTA sample. However, the latter two’s sulfur resistance capabilities were obviously beyond the CA sample. The fact that there were two kinds of active sites for NO_x storage in the catalysts was explored through the thorough research on the CA and EDTA samples. One of the two kinds of active sites was the BaCO_3 phase, with the NO_x being stored in the form of bulk nitrates, and the other one was the oxygen vacancies coordinating with the A site Ba, with the NO_x being stored in the form of N-bounded nitrates. When it came to the samples after the SO2 pretreatment, our results indicate that the iron sulfate species were formed on the surface of the EDTA sample to protect the Ba in the perovskite structure from sulfation, so that the EDTA sample performed good catalytic activity on the aspect of sulfur resistance. After the investigation of the catalysts’regeneration ability, it was found that the EDTA sample could realize the circulation of NO_x absorption-decomposition very well, and in this way, the active centres of NO_x storage got recovered. Further comparisons have been made between the PH and EDTA samples which were calcined at different temperatures, and the PH sample showed better NO_x storage capacity, sulfur resistance capability and regeneration ability. Additionally, the oxygen vacancies in the perovskite structure benefited the NO_x storage, so the dispersion of the oxygen vacancies was also very important. When the catalyst was excessively calcined, the oxygen vacancies concentrated in the bulk, which means the decrease of the active centres on the surface, that makes the NSC reduce dramatically. Combing the performances in the three fields, NOx storage, sulfur resistance and regeneration, the PH sample calcined at 750 oC was the one among this series of catalysts that enjoyed great prospect to be developed as the potential NSR catalyst.
引文
[1]陈海波,毛保华,长沙铁道学院学报, 2003, 21(4): 89~94
[2]沈迪新,陈宏德,田群,环境科学进展, 1997, 5(6): 23~32
[3] K. C. Taylor et al., Springer-Verlag, 1984, 5~24
[4] B. J. Cooper et al., Platinum Metals Review, 1994, 38(1): 2~8
[5] M. Shelf, G. W. Graham, Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 1994, 36, 433~421
[6] Heck R M, Farrauto R J., Appl. catal. A, 2001, 221(1-2): 443~547
[7]王建新,汽车排气污染治理及催化转化器,北京:石油工业出版社, 2000, 15~16
[8] Hoost T. E., Laframboise K. A., Otto K et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1995, 7(1-2): 79~93
[9] A. Amimazmi, J. E. Benson, M. Boudart et al., J. Catal., 1973, 30(1): 138~145
[10] G. Broden, T. Rhodin, C. Brucker et al., Surf. Sci., 1976, 59(2): 593~598
[11] T.Yamashita, M. A.Vannice, J. Catal., 1996, 163(1): 155~164
[12] E. S. R.Winter, J. Cata1., 1971, 22(2): 158~166
[13] H. M. Shimada, K. H. Sand, Chem. Lett., 1988, 17(2): 97~104
[14] S. Shin, K. Ogawa, K. Shimomura et al., Mat. Res. Bull., 1979, 14(2): 133~139
[15] M. Iwamoto, H. Furukawa, S. Kagawa et al., J. Surg. Res., 2003, 115(2): 174~183
[16] M. Iwamoto, H. Furukawa, S. Kagawa et al., J. Catal., 1983, 79(2): 291~297
[17] M. Iwamoto, H. Furukawa, F. Uemura et al., Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 1986, 28: 943~949
[18] Fritz A., Pitchon V., Appl. Catal. B, 1997, 13(1): 1~25
[19] Iwamoto M., Yahiro H., Shundo S et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1991, 69(1): 15~19
[20] C. T. Goralski Jr., W. F. Schneider, Appl. Catal. B, 2002, 37(4): 263~277
[21] S. Suárez, S. M. Jung, P. Avila et al., Catal. Today, 2002, 75(1-4): 331~338
[22] J. Pasel, P. K??ner, B. Montanari, M. Gazzano et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1998, 18(3-4): 199~213
[23] B. Coq, M. Mauvezin, G. Delahay et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2000, 27(3): 193~198
[24] H. Mishima, K. Hashmoto, T. Ono et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1998, 19(2): 119~126
[25] A. Sultana, M. Haneda, H. Hamada, Appl. Catal. B, 2009, 88(1-2): 180~184
[26] J. Arfaoui, L. Khalfallah Boudali, A. Ghorbel et al., Catal. Today, 2009, 142(3-4): 234~238
[27] L. Liietti, I. Nova, G. Ramis et al., J. Catal., 1999, 187(2): 419~435
[28] D. Pietrogiacomi, A. Magliano, P. Ciambelli et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2009, 89(1-2): 33~40
[29] Shangguan W. F., Teraoka Y., Kagawa S. et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1996, 8(2): 217~227
[30] Hong S. S., Lee G D, Catal. Today, 2000, 63(2-4): 397~404
[31] Liu Z., Hao Z., Guo Y. et al. J. Environ. Sci, 2002, 14(3): 289~295
[32] K. Yamazaki, T. Suzuki, N. Takahashi et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2001, 30(3-4): 459~468.
[33] S. Matsumoto, Y. Ikeda, H. Suzuki et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2000, 25(2-3): 115~124
[34] H. Hirata, I. Hachisuka, Y. Ikeda et al., Top. Catal., 2001, 16(1-4): 145~149
[35] Ch. Sedlmair, K. Seshan, A. Jentys et al., J. Catal., 2003, 214(2): 308 ~316
[36] P. J. Schmitz, R. J. Baird et al., J. Phys. Chem. B., 2002, 106(2): 4172~4180
[37] NoVa I, Castoldi L, Lietti L et al., J. Catal., 2004, 222(2): 377~388
[38] Liu Z Q, Anderson J A, J. Catal., 2004, 224(1): 18~27
[39] A. Lindholm, Neal W, Currier et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2007, 75(1-2): 78~87
[40] L. Lietti, P. Forzati, I. Nova et al., J. Catal., 2001, 204(1): 175~191
[41] F. Rodrigues, L. Ju ste, C. Potvin et al., Catal. Lett., 2001, 72(1-2): 59~64
[42] H. Mahzoul, L. Limousy, J. F. Brilhac et al., J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 2000, 56(2): 179~193
[43] P. Engstrom, A. Amberntsson, M. Skoglundh et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1999, 22(1): L241~L248
[44] F. Rohr, U. Gobel, P. Kattwinkel, et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2007, 70(1-4): 189~197
[45] Wei X. Y., Liu X. S., Michel Deeba et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2005, 58(1-2): 41~49
[46] S. Elbouazzaoui, E. C. Corbos, X. Courtois et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2005, 61(3-4): 236~243
[47] P. T. Fanson, M. R. Horton, W.N. Delgass et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2003, 46(2): 393~413
[48] Libby W F., Science, 1971, 171(3970): 499~500
[49] Hazen R. M. Sci. Am. 1988, 6: 52
[50] Voorhoeve R. J. H., editor, Advanced materials in catalysis, Academic Press, 1977, p. 129.
[51]冯长根,安全与环境学报, 2004, 4(3): 81~83
[52] P. K. Gallagher, D. W. Johnson Jr., E. M. Vogel et al., Materials Research Bulletin, 1975, 10(7): 623~627
[53] Tanaka H., Misono M., Curr. Opin. Solid St. M., 2001, 5(5): 381~387
[54]俞守耕,贵金属, 2001, 22 (2): 61~42
[55] Forni Lucio, Rossetti I, Appl. Catal. B, 2002, 38(1): 29~37
[56] Burton J. J., Garten R. L et al., New York Academic Press, 1977: 129~180
[57] Anderson J. A., Fierro J. L. G., J. Solid State Chem., 1994, 108(2): 305~313
[58] H-M Zhang, Chen Y-Y, T. Yasutake et al., J. Catal., 1992, 13(6): 432~436
[59] Liang Z. C., Qin Y.N., Liao Q-L et al., Chinese Journal of Applied Chemisty, 1997, 14(1): 11~15
[60] Geng Qibo, Huang Xiao lin, Huang Qing et al., J. Catal., 1989, 10(1): 79~82
[61] M. Machida, S. Ogata, K. Yasuoka et al., in: Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Catalysis, Budapest, Hungary, 19–24 July 1992, p. 2645.
[62] H. Arai, M. Machida, Catal. Today, 1994, 22(1): 97~109
[63] V.G. Milt, C. A. Querini, E. E. Miro′et al., J. Catal., 2003, 220(2): 424~432
[64] V.G. Milt, M. A. Ulla, E. E. Miro′et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2005, 57(1): 13~21
[65] S. Hodjati, K. Vaezzadeh, C. Petit et al., Appl. Catal . B, 2000, 26(1): 5~16
[66] S. Hodjati, K. Vaezzadeh, C. Petitet al., Appl.Catal . B, 2000, 27(2):117~126
[67] S. Hodjati, K. Vaezzadeh, C. Petitet al., Catal. Today 2000, 59(3-4): 323~334
[68] S. Hodjati, C. Petit, V. Pitchon, A. Kiennemann, Appl. Catal. B, 2001, 30(3-4): 247~257
[69]陈加福,孟明,林培炎等,复旦学报(自然科学版), 2003, 42(3): 354~356
[70]高爱梅,林培炎,陈加福等,复旦学报(自然科学版), 2003, 42(3): 357~359
[71] X. G. Li , J. Chen, P. Y. Lin et al., Catal. Commun. 2004, 5: 25~28
[72]殷慧龄,杜伟程,黄星亮,燃料化学学报, 1993 , 21(2): 142~147
[73] C. Shen, Q. F. Liu, Q. Liu, Materials Letters, 2004, 57(17-18): 2302~2305
[74] J. P. Miao, L. P. Li, Y.B. Song et al., Mater.Chem. Phys., 2000, 62(3): 226~229
[75] A. Feldhoff, M. Arnold, J. Martynczuk et al., Solid State Sci., 2008, 10(6): 689~701
[76] R. Zhang, Adrian Villanueva, H. Alamdari et al., J. Catal., 2006, 242(1): 241~253
[77] R. Zhang, Adrian Villanueva, H. Alamdari et al., Appl. Catal. A, 2006, 307(1): 85~97
[78] R. Zhang, Adrian Villanueva, H. Alamdari et al., J. Mol. Catal. A, 2006, 258(1-2): 22~34
[79] J.-Y. Luo, M. Ming, X.G. Li et al., Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 2008, 113 : 277~285
[80] S. Hodjati, K. Vaezzadeh, C. Petit et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1998, 19(3-4): 209~219
[81] J. N. Kuhn, U. S. Ozkan, J. Catal., 2008, 253(1): 200~211
[2]沈迪新,陈宏德,田群,环境科学进展, 1997, 5(6): 23~32
[3] K. C. Taylor et al., Springer-Verlag, 1984, 5~24
[4] B. J. Cooper et al., Platinum Metals Review, 1994, 38(1): 2~8
[5] M. Shelf, G. W. Graham, Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 1994, 36, 433~421
[6] Heck R M, Farrauto R J., Appl. catal. A, 2001, 221(1-2): 443~547
[7]王建新,汽车排气污染治理及催化转化器,北京:石油工业出版社, 2000, 15~16
[8] Hoost T. E., Laframboise K. A., Otto K et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1995, 7(1-2): 79~93
[9] A. Amimazmi, J. E. Benson, M. Boudart et al., J. Catal., 1973, 30(1): 138~145
[10] G. Broden, T. Rhodin, C. Brucker et al., Surf. Sci., 1976, 59(2): 593~598
[11] T.Yamashita, M. A.Vannice, J. Catal., 1996, 163(1): 155~164
[12] E. S. R.Winter, J. Cata1., 1971, 22(2): 158~166
[13] H. M. Shimada, K. H. Sand, Chem. Lett., 1988, 17(2): 97~104
[14] S. Shin, K. Ogawa, K. Shimomura et al., Mat. Res. Bull., 1979, 14(2): 133~139
[15] M. Iwamoto, H. Furukawa, S. Kagawa et al., J. Surg. Res., 2003, 115(2): 174~183
[16] M. Iwamoto, H. Furukawa, S. Kagawa et al., J. Catal., 1983, 79(2): 291~297
[17] M. Iwamoto, H. Furukawa, F. Uemura et al., Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 1986, 28: 943~949
[18] Fritz A., Pitchon V., Appl. Catal. B, 1997, 13(1): 1~25
[19] Iwamoto M., Yahiro H., Shundo S et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1991, 69(1): 15~19
[20] C. T. Goralski Jr., W. F. Schneider, Appl. Catal. B, 2002, 37(4): 263~277
[21] S. Suárez, S. M. Jung, P. Avila et al., Catal. Today, 2002, 75(1-4): 331~338
[22] J. Pasel, P. K??ner, B. Montanari, M. Gazzano et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1998, 18(3-4): 199~213
[23] B. Coq, M. Mauvezin, G. Delahay et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2000, 27(3): 193~198
[24] H. Mishima, K. Hashmoto, T. Ono et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1998, 19(2): 119~126
[25] A. Sultana, M. Haneda, H. Hamada, Appl. Catal. B, 2009, 88(1-2): 180~184
[26] J. Arfaoui, L. Khalfallah Boudali, A. Ghorbel et al., Catal. Today, 2009, 142(3-4): 234~238
[27] L. Liietti, I. Nova, G. Ramis et al., J. Catal., 1999, 187(2): 419~435
[28] D. Pietrogiacomi, A. Magliano, P. Ciambelli et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2009, 89(1-2): 33~40
[29] Shangguan W. F., Teraoka Y., Kagawa S. et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1996, 8(2): 217~227
[30] Hong S. S., Lee G D, Catal. Today, 2000, 63(2-4): 397~404
[31] Liu Z., Hao Z., Guo Y. et al. J. Environ. Sci, 2002, 14(3): 289~295
[32] K. Yamazaki, T. Suzuki, N. Takahashi et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2001, 30(3-4): 459~468.
[33] S. Matsumoto, Y. Ikeda, H. Suzuki et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2000, 25(2-3): 115~124
[34] H. Hirata, I. Hachisuka, Y. Ikeda et al., Top. Catal., 2001, 16(1-4): 145~149
[35] Ch. Sedlmair, K. Seshan, A. Jentys et al., J. Catal., 2003, 214(2): 308 ~316
[36] P. J. Schmitz, R. J. Baird et al., J. Phys. Chem. B., 2002, 106(2): 4172~4180
[37] NoVa I, Castoldi L, Lietti L et al., J. Catal., 2004, 222(2): 377~388
[38] Liu Z Q, Anderson J A, J. Catal., 2004, 224(1): 18~27
[39] A. Lindholm, Neal W, Currier et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2007, 75(1-2): 78~87
[40] L. Lietti, P. Forzati, I. Nova et al., J. Catal., 2001, 204(1): 175~191
[41] F. Rodrigues, L. Ju ste, C. Potvin et al., Catal. Lett., 2001, 72(1-2): 59~64
[42] H. Mahzoul, L. Limousy, J. F. Brilhac et al., J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 2000, 56(2): 179~193
[43] P. Engstrom, A. Amberntsson, M. Skoglundh et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1999, 22(1): L241~L248
[44] F. Rohr, U. Gobel, P. Kattwinkel, et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2007, 70(1-4): 189~197
[45] Wei X. Y., Liu X. S., Michel Deeba et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2005, 58(1-2): 41~49
[46] S. Elbouazzaoui, E. C. Corbos, X. Courtois et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2005, 61(3-4): 236~243
[47] P. T. Fanson, M. R. Horton, W.N. Delgass et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2003, 46(2): 393~413
[48] Libby W F., Science, 1971, 171(3970): 499~500
[49] Hazen R. M. Sci. Am. 1988, 6: 52
[50] Voorhoeve R. J. H., editor, Advanced materials in catalysis, Academic Press, 1977, p. 129.
[51]冯长根,安全与环境学报, 2004, 4(3): 81~83
[52] P. K. Gallagher, D. W. Johnson Jr., E. M. Vogel et al., Materials Research Bulletin, 1975, 10(7): 623~627
[53] Tanaka H., Misono M., Curr. Opin. Solid St. M., 2001, 5(5): 381~387
[54]俞守耕,贵金属, 2001, 22 (2): 61~42
[55] Forni Lucio, Rossetti I, Appl. Catal. B, 2002, 38(1): 29~37
[56] Burton J. J., Garten R. L et al., New York Academic Press, 1977: 129~180
[57] Anderson J. A., Fierro J. L. G., J. Solid State Chem., 1994, 108(2): 305~313
[58] H-M Zhang, Chen Y-Y, T. Yasutake et al., J. Catal., 1992, 13(6): 432~436
[59] Liang Z. C., Qin Y.N., Liao Q-L et al., Chinese Journal of Applied Chemisty, 1997, 14(1): 11~15
[60] Geng Qibo, Huang Xiao lin, Huang Qing et al., J. Catal., 1989, 10(1): 79~82
[61] M. Machida, S. Ogata, K. Yasuoka et al., in: Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Catalysis, Budapest, Hungary, 19–24 July 1992, p. 2645.
[62] H. Arai, M. Machida, Catal. Today, 1994, 22(1): 97~109
[63] V.G. Milt, C. A. Querini, E. E. Miro′et al., J. Catal., 2003, 220(2): 424~432
[64] V.G. Milt, M. A. Ulla, E. E. Miro′et al., Appl. Catal. B, 2005, 57(1): 13~21
[65] S. Hodjati, K. Vaezzadeh, C. Petit et al., Appl. Catal . B, 2000, 26(1): 5~16
[66] S. Hodjati, K. Vaezzadeh, C. Petitet al., Appl.Catal . B, 2000, 27(2):117~126
[67] S. Hodjati, K. Vaezzadeh, C. Petitet al., Catal. Today 2000, 59(3-4): 323~334
[68] S. Hodjati, C. Petit, V. Pitchon, A. Kiennemann, Appl. Catal. B, 2001, 30(3-4): 247~257
[69]陈加福,孟明,林培炎等,复旦学报(自然科学版), 2003, 42(3): 354~356
[70]高爱梅,林培炎,陈加福等,复旦学报(自然科学版), 2003, 42(3): 357~359
[71] X. G. Li , J. Chen, P. Y. Lin et al., Catal. Commun. 2004, 5: 25~28
[72]殷慧龄,杜伟程,黄星亮,燃料化学学报, 1993 , 21(2): 142~147
[73] C. Shen, Q. F. Liu, Q. Liu, Materials Letters, 2004, 57(17-18): 2302~2305
[74] J. P. Miao, L. P. Li, Y.B. Song et al., Mater.Chem. Phys., 2000, 62(3): 226~229
[75] A. Feldhoff, M. Arnold, J. Martynczuk et al., Solid State Sci., 2008, 10(6): 689~701
[76] R. Zhang, Adrian Villanueva, H. Alamdari et al., J. Catal., 2006, 242(1): 241~253
[77] R. Zhang, Adrian Villanueva, H. Alamdari et al., Appl. Catal. A, 2006, 307(1): 85~97
[78] R. Zhang, Adrian Villanueva, H. Alamdari et al., J. Mol. Catal. A, 2006, 258(1-2): 22~34
[79] J.-Y. Luo, M. Ming, X.G. Li et al., Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 2008, 113 : 277~285
[80] S. Hodjati, K. Vaezzadeh, C. Petit et al., Appl. Catal. B, 1998, 19(3-4): 209~219
[81] J. N. Kuhn, U. S. Ozkan, J. Catal., 2008, 253(1): 200~211
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |