酯交换法合成碳酸二苯酯催化剂失活和负载液相催化剂的研究
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摘要
对苯酚和碳酸二甲酯酯交换法合成碳酸二苯酯氧化铅-氧化锌催化剂失活原因和负载液相催化剂进行了研究。
采用XRD、XPS、IR、原子吸收光谱、元素分析和TG等表征方法对氧化铅-氧化锌催化剂的失活原因进行了分析。结果表明,在酯交换反应条件下,苯酚与氧化铅-氧化锌催化剂中的铅作用生成了Pb4O(OC6H5)6,进而导致催化剂活性组分晶相改变(PbO和Pb3O4晶相消失)以及严重铅流失。并且流失的铅以Pb4O(OC6H5)6和PbO混合物的形式存在,两者含量分别为62.7%和37.3%。
苯酚与PbO作用生成的Pb4O(OC6H5)6对酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯也有一定的催化性能,当Pb4O(OC6H5)6用量为13.3 wt%时,碳酸二苯酯产率最高为17.2%。将反应过程中流失的含铅化合物加以回收,用于苯酚和碳酸二甲酯酯交换反应,重复使用三次,碳酸二苯酯产率基本稳定在18%左右。
考察了负载液相催化剂酯交换法合成碳酸二苯酯的反应性能,并且通过实验优化了其制备条件。以活性炭(AC)为载体,异三十烷为液膜相溶剂, n-Bu2SnO为活性组分,一步法制备负载液相催化剂,液膜相溶剂和活性组分负载量分别为20.0 wt%和10.0 wt%,此时制备的负载液相催化剂碳酸二苯酯的产率为19.3%,比n-Bu2SnO/ AC催化剂提高了12.2%。
对氧化铅-氧化锌催化剂进行掺镧改性研究,考察了铅锌镧复合金属氧化物催化剂的酯交换反应性能。结果发现,当n(Pb):n(Zn):n(La)=1:0.8:0.2时,催化剂的酯交换反应性能最好,DPC的产率最高为35.2%。但镧的添加并没能解决氧化铅-氧化锌催化剂铅流失问题。
通过原位合成法和等体积浸渍法制备Pb-MCM-41中孔分子筛,初步考察了其酯交换反应性能。
The reason of lead-zinc double oxide deactivation and supported liquid phase catalysts (SLPC) in synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) by transesterification of phenol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) have been studied.
The reason of lead-zinc double oxide deactivation has been analysed by XRD, XPS, IR, atomic absorption spectroscopy, elemental analysis and TG. Results show that, Pb4O(OC6H5)6 is formed through the reaction of phenol and lead in the catalyst during the transesterification reaction, which leads to the crystal phase change of active component ( PbO and Pb3O4 crystal phase disappears) and serious leaching of lead. What is more, the leached lead is in the form of a mixture of Pb4O(OC6H5)6 and PbO, whose weight percentage is 62.7% and 37.3%, respectively.
Pb4O(OC6H5)6 , which is formed by the reaction of phenol and PbO, also has catalytic performance for the transesterification reaction. When the quantity of Pb4O(OC6H5)6 is 13.3 wt%, the highest yield of DPC is 17.2%.
When the leached lead compound is recovered and reused in the transesterification of phenol and DMC for three times, the yield of DPC is approximately stabilized in 18%.
The catalytic performance of SLPC in synthesis of DPC by transesterification has been studied, and the suitable conditions to prepare SLPC have been dertimined. When AC as support, squalane as liquid phase, n-Bu2SnO as active compoent, preparation method is one step, the loading quantity of squalane and n-Bu2SnO are 20.0% and 10.0% respectively, SLPC has the best catalytic performance, and the highest yield of DPC is 19.3%, which is 12.2% higher than over n-Bu2SnO/ AC.
The lead-zinc double oxide is modified by La2O3. The catalytic performance of lead-zinc-lanthanum composite oxide has been studied. Results show that, when the mole ratio of Pb, Zn and La is 1:0.8:0.2, the catalytic performance is better, and the highest yield of DPC is 35.2%. But the proplem of lead leaching is not resolved with the adding of lanthanum.
Pb-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves has been synthesized by using in situ method and incipient impregnation method. The catalytic performance of Pb-MCM-41 has been studied preliminarily.
采用XRD、XPS、IR、原子吸收光谱、元素分析和TG等表征方法对氧化铅-氧化锌催化剂的失活原因进行了分析。结果表明,在酯交换反应条件下,苯酚与氧化铅-氧化锌催化剂中的铅作用生成了Pb4O(OC6H5)6,进而导致催化剂活性组分晶相改变(PbO和Pb3O4晶相消失)以及严重铅流失。并且流失的铅以Pb4O(OC6H5)6和PbO混合物的形式存在,两者含量分别为62.7%和37.3%。
苯酚与PbO作用生成的Pb4O(OC6H5)6对酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯也有一定的催化性能,当Pb4O(OC6H5)6用量为13.3 wt%时,碳酸二苯酯产率最高为17.2%。将反应过程中流失的含铅化合物加以回收,用于苯酚和碳酸二甲酯酯交换反应,重复使用三次,碳酸二苯酯产率基本稳定在18%左右。
考察了负载液相催化剂酯交换法合成碳酸二苯酯的反应性能,并且通过实验优化了其制备条件。以活性炭(AC)为载体,异三十烷为液膜相溶剂, n-Bu2SnO为活性组分,一步法制备负载液相催化剂,液膜相溶剂和活性组分负载量分别为20.0 wt%和10.0 wt%,此时制备的负载液相催化剂碳酸二苯酯的产率为19.3%,比n-Bu2SnO/ AC催化剂提高了12.2%。
对氧化铅-氧化锌催化剂进行掺镧改性研究,考察了铅锌镧复合金属氧化物催化剂的酯交换反应性能。结果发现,当n(Pb):n(Zn):n(La)=1:0.8:0.2时,催化剂的酯交换反应性能最好,DPC的产率最高为35.2%。但镧的添加并没能解决氧化铅-氧化锌催化剂铅流失问题。
通过原位合成法和等体积浸渍法制备Pb-MCM-41中孔分子筛,初步考察了其酯交换反应性能。
The reason of lead-zinc double oxide deactivation and supported liquid phase catalysts (SLPC) in synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) by transesterification of phenol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) have been studied.
The reason of lead-zinc double oxide deactivation has been analysed by XRD, XPS, IR, atomic absorption spectroscopy, elemental analysis and TG. Results show that, Pb4O(OC6H5)6 is formed through the reaction of phenol and lead in the catalyst during the transesterification reaction, which leads to the crystal phase change of active component ( PbO and Pb3O4 crystal phase disappears) and serious leaching of lead. What is more, the leached lead is in the form of a mixture of Pb4O(OC6H5)6 and PbO, whose weight percentage is 62.7% and 37.3%, respectively.
Pb4O(OC6H5)6 , which is formed by the reaction of phenol and PbO, also has catalytic performance for the transesterification reaction. When the quantity of Pb4O(OC6H5)6 is 13.3 wt%, the highest yield of DPC is 17.2%.
When the leached lead compound is recovered and reused in the transesterification of phenol and DMC for three times, the yield of DPC is approximately stabilized in 18%.
The catalytic performance of SLPC in synthesis of DPC by transesterification has been studied, and the suitable conditions to prepare SLPC have been dertimined. When AC as support, squalane as liquid phase, n-Bu2SnO as active compoent, preparation method is one step, the loading quantity of squalane and n-Bu2SnO are 20.0% and 10.0% respectively, SLPC has the best catalytic performance, and the highest yield of DPC is 19.3%, which is 12.2% higher than over n-Bu2SnO/ AC.
The lead-zinc double oxide is modified by La2O3. The catalytic performance of lead-zinc-lanthanum composite oxide has been studied. Results show that, when the mole ratio of Pb, Zn and La is 1:0.8:0.2, the catalytic performance is better, and the highest yield of DPC is 35.2%. But the proplem of lead leaching is not resolved with the adding of lanthanum.
Pb-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves has been synthesized by using in situ method and incipient impregnation method. The catalytic performance of Pb-MCM-41 has been studied preliminarily.
引文
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