开江—梁平海槽东侧长兴组生物礁沉积特征及有利区分析
|
摘要
本文针对川东开江—梁平海槽东侧长兴组生物礁沉积特征及成藏特征展开研究。以碳酸盐岩储层沉积学、构造地质学、成岩作用机理及成藏机理等理论为指导,利用野外和室内相结合,综合野外露头、显微薄片、钻井岩芯、测井、地化分析等资料,结合前人的研究成果,对层序和沉积相、沉积环境对生物礁的影响、储层和储层控制因素、生物礁气藏特征等进行了研究,在此基础上探讨了生物礁气藏有利区带分布。
研究认为,川东地区构造活动频繁,经历了多期次区域造山运动。二叠纪早期,海西运动使上扬子台地整体下降,区内接受最广泛的海侵,至长兴期形成了浅海台地沉积环境。该时期海平面处于整体上升时期,长兴组层序划分为陆架边缘体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域。区内沉积相可分为局限台地相、开阔台地相、台地边缘礁滩相、斜坡相和海槽相。生物礁多发育于海侵期的斜坡相和开阔台地相间坡折带。
长兴组储层分布于中下部的礁灰岩和上部的白云岩段,其中白云岩类储集性最好。储层发育受沉积相、成岩作用等多因素控制,边缘礁滩相内储层较发育,礁储层要好于滩储层,白云岩化作用、溶解作用、破裂作用等进一步优化储层,以礁白云岩最有利储层发育。
区内具有良好的生、储、盖组合,成藏地质条件优越。生物礁气藏为含酸性气体的干气气藏,成分以甲烷为主,气藏内不含水。气藏类型为构造背景下的岩性气藏,储层非均质性较强,各个礁体拥有独立的压力系统。台地边缘礁滩相带是生物礁、生物礁储层发育的最有利相带,在该区带内生物礁地震特征表现为反射整体呈丘状反射结构,反射振幅属中强特征,内部反射杂乱,长顶为弱振幅或反射很乱无振幅,长顶～长底反射时差较大等特征。
Sedimentary and reservoir characteristics of Changxing Organic reef in the east of KaiJiang-LiangPing trough are the research object.Guided by carbonate reservoir sedimentology & structural geology & diagenesis mechanism and forming mechanism,based on the previous research results,by means of the combined methods of indoor &ourdoor and outcrop & microscopy,drilling core and well logging data, the sequence and sedimentary facies, depositional environment impact on the reefs, reservoirs and reservoir control factors, characteristics of reef gas reservoirs have been studied, and the beneficial areas have been analysed.on the basis of the above .
Studies suggest that tectonic activities are frequent in the east of Sichuan. In the early Permian, Hercynian sport make the Upper Yangtze Platform overall decline, in the region received the most extensive transgression, forming a shallow sea platform of sedimentary environment in Changxing formation. The sea level is rising most of the time during the period, the sequence is divided into the shelf margin systems tract, transgressive systems tract and highstand systems tract.
Facies can be divided into restricted platform, open platform, platform margin reef facies, slope facies and trough facies. Multi-scale reefs develop at the slope break which lies between the open platform and clinothem facies in the time of transgression.
Rreservoir of Changxing in the region has the reef limestone in the lower part and dolomite in the upper part, and dolomite reservoir is the best one. Reservoir development is controled by sedimentary facies, diagenesis and many other factors,overall, the reservoir in shelf edge reef is better than that in marginal bank, dolomitisation, dissolution, cataclasis and other diagenesis make the reservoir optimization,and reef dolomite is the best reservoir.
Because of the good assemblage of source, reservoir, cap rock in the area, geological conditions of reservoir are favorable. Reef gas reservoir has dry gas with acidic gas, components to methane-based,no water in it. Type of reef gas reservoir is lithologic gas reservoir under tectonic settings, gas reservoir has strong heterogeneity, each reef has a separate pressure system. Reef and platform edge shallow facies is the most favorable facies for feef and reef reservoir development, seismic characteristics of reef is characterized by Mound-like structure, strong reflection amplitude, internal messy reflection, the reflection offset time between top and bottom of Changxing is large.
研究认为,川东地区构造活动频繁,经历了多期次区域造山运动。二叠纪早期,海西运动使上扬子台地整体下降,区内接受最广泛的海侵,至长兴期形成了浅海台地沉积环境。该时期海平面处于整体上升时期,长兴组层序划分为陆架边缘体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域。区内沉积相可分为局限台地相、开阔台地相、台地边缘礁滩相、斜坡相和海槽相。生物礁多发育于海侵期的斜坡相和开阔台地相间坡折带。
长兴组储层分布于中下部的礁灰岩和上部的白云岩段,其中白云岩类储集性最好。储层发育受沉积相、成岩作用等多因素控制,边缘礁滩相内储层较发育,礁储层要好于滩储层,白云岩化作用、溶解作用、破裂作用等进一步优化储层,以礁白云岩最有利储层发育。
区内具有良好的生、储、盖组合,成藏地质条件优越。生物礁气藏为含酸性气体的干气气藏,成分以甲烷为主,气藏内不含水。气藏类型为构造背景下的岩性气藏,储层非均质性较强,各个礁体拥有独立的压力系统。台地边缘礁滩相带是生物礁、生物礁储层发育的最有利相带,在该区带内生物礁地震特征表现为反射整体呈丘状反射结构,反射振幅属中强特征,内部反射杂乱,长顶为弱振幅或反射很乱无振幅,长顶～长底反射时差较大等特征。
Sedimentary and reservoir characteristics of Changxing Organic reef in the east of KaiJiang-LiangPing trough are the research object.Guided by carbonate reservoir sedimentology & structural geology & diagenesis mechanism and forming mechanism,based on the previous research results,by means of the combined methods of indoor &ourdoor and outcrop & microscopy,drilling core and well logging data, the sequence and sedimentary facies, depositional environment impact on the reefs, reservoirs and reservoir control factors, characteristics of reef gas reservoirs have been studied, and the beneficial areas have been analysed.on the basis of the above .
Studies suggest that tectonic activities are frequent in the east of Sichuan. In the early Permian, Hercynian sport make the Upper Yangtze Platform overall decline, in the region received the most extensive transgression, forming a shallow sea platform of sedimentary environment in Changxing formation. The sea level is rising most of the time during the period, the sequence is divided into the shelf margin systems tract, transgressive systems tract and highstand systems tract.
Facies can be divided into restricted platform, open platform, platform margin reef facies, slope facies and trough facies. Multi-scale reefs develop at the slope break which lies between the open platform and clinothem facies in the time of transgression.
Rreservoir of Changxing in the region has the reef limestone in the lower part and dolomite in the upper part, and dolomite reservoir is the best one. Reservoir development is controled by sedimentary facies, diagenesis and many other factors,overall, the reservoir in shelf edge reef is better than that in marginal bank, dolomitisation, dissolution, cataclasis and other diagenesis make the reservoir optimization,and reef dolomite is the best reservoir.
Because of the good assemblage of source, reservoir, cap rock in the area, geological conditions of reservoir are favorable. Reef gas reservoir has dry gas with acidic gas, components to methane-based,no water in it. Type of reef gas reservoir is lithologic gas reservoir under tectonic settings, gas reservoir has strong heterogeneity, each reef has a separate pressure system. Reef and platform edge shallow facies is the most favorable facies for feef and reef reservoir development, seismic characteristics of reef is characterized by Mound-like structure, strong reflection amplitude, internal messy reflection, the reflection offset time between top and bottom of Changxing is large.
引文
Borowitzka M A.1982.Mechanisms in algal calcification.Prog Phycol.Res,1:137-177.
Camoin G F,Montaggioni L F.1994.High energy coralgal-stromatolite frameworks from Holocene reefs(Tahiti,FrenchPolynesia).Sedimentology,41:655-676.
Camoin G F,Gautret P,Montaggioni L F,Cahioch G.1999.Structure and composition of organic reefs and carbonate mudmounds:concepts and categories.Sedimentary Geology,126:271-304.
Chester R.1965.Geochemical criteria for differentiating reef fromnonreef facies in carbonate rocks:Bull.Am.Asso.Petro.Geol.,49:258-276.
Copper P.1974.Structure and development of Early Paleozoicreefs.In:Proceedings of the International Coral ReefSymposium,2nd.Brisbane,Australia,Great Barrier ReefCommittee,1:365-386
陈永进,杨晓敏,王登稳.寻找隐蔽油气圈闭研究的新思路[J].地学前缘,2001,8(3):140
陈洪德,覃建雄,王成善.中国南方二叠纪层序岩相古地理特征及演化[J].沉积学报,Vol.17,No.4:510-520
陈建强,王训练,于炳松等.层序地层与地层界线优化[J].地层学杂志,2001,25(4):241-246
陈宗清.四川盆地长兴组生物礁气藏及天然气勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,Vol.35,No.2:148-157
范嘉松等.《中国生物礁与油气》.北京:海洋出版社,1996
陈子蚪.川东-鄂西地区二叠纪生物礁成因类型及潜伏礁预测[J].中国区域地质,2000,19(3):288-295
范嘉松,郭丽.川东上二叠统礁相及其储集层特征[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(1-2):152
范嘉松,吴亚光.川东二叠纪生物礁的再认识[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):12-18
郭止吾,邓康龄,韩永辉等.四川盆地形成与演化.北京:北京地质出版社,1996
耿威,郑荣才等.开江-梁平台内海槽东段长兴组礁、滩相储层特征[J].成都理工大学报Vol.35,No.6:639-646
黄思静,石和,张萌,等.上扬子石炭—二叠纪海相碳酸盐的铭同位素演化与全球海平面变化[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):481-487
黄先平,向阳,付瑜等.川中、川北地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁分布探索性研究.成都:四川石 油管理局,1990
黄先平,王世谦.四川盆地油气资源评价.成都:中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院,2002
洪海涛,王一刚等.川北地区长兴组沉积相和生物礁气藏分布规律[J].天然气工业,2008,28(1):38-41
姜在兴.沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003
贾承造,赵文智,邹才能等.岩性地层油气藏地质理论与勘探技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(3):257-27
雷卞军,强子同,陈季高.川东上二叠统长兴组生物礁成岩作用与孔隙演化[J].石油与天然气地质,1990,12(4):364-375.
李实荣,贺卫东等.川东地区长兴组生物礁录井识别[J].天然气工业,2007,27(11):38-39
李红亮,汪华,史习杰.四川盆地川东地区上二叠统礁白云石的类型及其特征[J].天然气勘探与开发,1999,22(3):25-28
李登华,唐跃等.川东黄龙场构造上二叠统长兴组生物礁特征与潜伏礁预测[J].中国地质,2006,33(2):22-26
刘划一,王一刚,杨雨等.川东上二叠统生物礁气藏多元信息综合预测方法研究[J].天然气工业,1999,19(4):13-18
马永生,牟传龙,郭彤楼.四川盆地东北部长兴组层序地层与储层分布[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3)179-185
马永生,牟传龙.四川盆地东北部长兴期沉积特征与沉积格局[J].地质论评,2006Vol.52,No.1:639-646:25-29
牟传龙,谭钦银等.川东北地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁组成及成礁模式[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2004,24(3):231-236
牟传龙,马永生,王瑞华等.川东北地区上二叠统盘龙洞生物礁成岩作用研究[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2005,29(4):372-375
任兴国,姚声贤等.川东生物礁测井响应及判别模式[J].测井技术,1999,23(3):31-35
四川省地质矿产局.四川省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1991
孙磊,张帆,陈永刚.川东地区上二叠统层序地层分析[J].新疆石油学院学报,2000,12(3):19-23
覃建雄.西南地区二叠系层序地层及油气预测[D].成都理工大学,1996 Vol.35,No.1:23-26
王一刚,文应初,张帆等.川东地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁分布规律[J].天然气工业,1998,18(6):10-16
王一刚,张静,杨雨等.四川盆地东部上二叠统长兴组生物礁气藏形成机理[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(2):145-152
吴熙纯,刘效增,杨仲伦等.川东上二叠统长兴组生物礁控储层的形成[J].石油与天然气地质,1990,11(3):283-297.
王一刚,文应初,洪海涛等.四川盆地开江-梁平海槽大隆组的发现及其意义[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):32-36.
王一刚,洪海涛,夏茂龙等.四川盆地二叠、三叠系环海槽礁、滩富气带勘探[J].天然气工业,2008,28(1):25-27
王忠东.川东地区晚二叠世长兴组生物礁分布特征[J].江汉石油学院报,2003,25(2):12-15
汪晴川、李瑞等.川东长兴组生物礁分布地震识别技术研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2008,30(4):15-20
魏国齐,陈更生,杨威等.川北下三叠统飞仙关组“槽台”沉积体系及演化沉积学[J],沉积学报,2004,22(2):254-260
杨家静,王一刚等.四川盆地东部长兴组飞仙关组气藏地球化学特征及气源探讨[J].沉积学报,2002,20(2):349-352
殷积峰,李军,谢芬等.川东二叠系生物礁油气藏的地震勘探技术石油[J].地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):70-75
杨威,朱忠德等.造礁生物群落演化在海平面变化研究中的运用[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):25-27
赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学.北京:石油工业出版社,2001
郑荣才,胡忠贵等.川东北地区长兴组白云岩储层的成因研究[J].矿物岩石,2007,27(12):78-84
张继庆,李汝,官举鸣等.四川盆地及邻区晚二叠世生物礁.成都:四川科技出版社,1990
曾鼎乾,刘炳温,黄蕴明.中国各地质历史时期生物礁[A].曾鼎乾地质论文选,北京:石油工业出版社,1995.174-251.
朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,等.四川盆地天然气特征及气源[J].地学前缘.2006,13(2):120-125
钟建华,温志峰等.生物礁的研究现状与发展趋势[J].地质论评,2005,51(3):32-3
Camoin G F,Montaggioni L F.1994.High energy coralgal-stromatolite frameworks from Holocene reefs(Tahiti,FrenchPolynesia).Sedimentology,41:655-676.
Camoin G F,Gautret P,Montaggioni L F,Cahioch G.1999.Structure and composition of organic reefs and carbonate mudmounds:concepts and categories.Sedimentary Geology,126:271-304.
Chester R.1965.Geochemical criteria for differentiating reef fromnonreef facies in carbonate rocks:Bull.Am.Asso.Petro.Geol.,49:258-276.
Copper P.1974.Structure and development of Early Paleozoicreefs.In:Proceedings of the International Coral ReefSymposium,2nd.Brisbane,Australia,Great Barrier ReefCommittee,1:365-386
陈永进,杨晓敏,王登稳.寻找隐蔽油气圈闭研究的新思路[J].地学前缘,2001,8(3):140
陈洪德,覃建雄,王成善.中国南方二叠纪层序岩相古地理特征及演化[J].沉积学报,Vol.17,No.4:510-520
陈建强,王训练,于炳松等.层序地层与地层界线优化[J].地层学杂志,2001,25(4):241-246
陈宗清.四川盆地长兴组生物礁气藏及天然气勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,Vol.35,No.2:148-157
范嘉松等.《中国生物礁与油气》.北京:海洋出版社,1996
陈子蚪.川东-鄂西地区二叠纪生物礁成因类型及潜伏礁预测[J].中国区域地质,2000,19(3):288-295
范嘉松,郭丽.川东上二叠统礁相及其储集层特征[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(1-2):152
范嘉松,吴亚光.川东二叠纪生物礁的再认识[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):12-18
郭止吾,邓康龄,韩永辉等.四川盆地形成与演化.北京:北京地质出版社,1996
耿威,郑荣才等.开江-梁平台内海槽东段长兴组礁、滩相储层特征[J].成都理工大学报Vol.35,No.6:639-646
黄思静,石和,张萌,等.上扬子石炭—二叠纪海相碳酸盐的铭同位素演化与全球海平面变化[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):481-487
黄先平,向阳,付瑜等.川中、川北地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁分布探索性研究.成都:四川石 油管理局,1990
黄先平,王世谦.四川盆地油气资源评价.成都:中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院,2002
洪海涛,王一刚等.川北地区长兴组沉积相和生物礁气藏分布规律[J].天然气工业,2008,28(1):38-41
姜在兴.沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003
贾承造,赵文智,邹才能等.岩性地层油气藏地质理论与勘探技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(3):257-27
雷卞军,强子同,陈季高.川东上二叠统长兴组生物礁成岩作用与孔隙演化[J].石油与天然气地质,1990,12(4):364-375.
李实荣,贺卫东等.川东地区长兴组生物礁录井识别[J].天然气工业,2007,27(11):38-39
李红亮,汪华,史习杰.四川盆地川东地区上二叠统礁白云石的类型及其特征[J].天然气勘探与开发,1999,22(3):25-28
李登华,唐跃等.川东黄龙场构造上二叠统长兴组生物礁特征与潜伏礁预测[J].中国地质,2006,33(2):22-26
刘划一,王一刚,杨雨等.川东上二叠统生物礁气藏多元信息综合预测方法研究[J].天然气工业,1999,19(4):13-18
马永生,牟传龙,郭彤楼.四川盆地东北部长兴组层序地层与储层分布[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3)179-185
马永生,牟传龙.四川盆地东北部长兴期沉积特征与沉积格局[J].地质论评,2006Vol.52,No.1:639-646:25-29
牟传龙,谭钦银等.川东北地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁组成及成礁模式[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2004,24(3):231-236
牟传龙,马永生,王瑞华等.川东北地区上二叠统盘龙洞生物礁成岩作用研究[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2005,29(4):372-375
任兴国,姚声贤等.川东生物礁测井响应及判别模式[J].测井技术,1999,23(3):31-35
四川省地质矿产局.四川省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1991
孙磊,张帆,陈永刚.川东地区上二叠统层序地层分析[J].新疆石油学院学报,2000,12(3):19-23
覃建雄.西南地区二叠系层序地层及油气预测[D].成都理工大学,1996 Vol.35,No.1:23-26
王一刚,文应初,张帆等.川东地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁分布规律[J].天然气工业,1998,18(6):10-16
王一刚,张静,杨雨等.四川盆地东部上二叠统长兴组生物礁气藏形成机理[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(2):145-152
吴熙纯,刘效增,杨仲伦等.川东上二叠统长兴组生物礁控储层的形成[J].石油与天然气地质,1990,11(3):283-297.
王一刚,文应初,洪海涛等.四川盆地开江-梁平海槽大隆组的发现及其意义[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):32-36.
王一刚,洪海涛,夏茂龙等.四川盆地二叠、三叠系环海槽礁、滩富气带勘探[J].天然气工业,2008,28(1):25-27
王忠东.川东地区晚二叠世长兴组生物礁分布特征[J].江汉石油学院报,2003,25(2):12-15
汪晴川、李瑞等.川东长兴组生物礁分布地震识别技术研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2008,30(4):15-20
魏国齐,陈更生,杨威等.川北下三叠统飞仙关组“槽台”沉积体系及演化沉积学[J],沉积学报,2004,22(2):254-260
杨家静,王一刚等.四川盆地东部长兴组飞仙关组气藏地球化学特征及气源探讨[J].沉积学报,2002,20(2):349-352
殷积峰,李军,谢芬等.川东二叠系生物礁油气藏的地震勘探技术石油[J].地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):70-75
杨威,朱忠德等.造礁生物群落演化在海平面变化研究中的运用[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):25-27
赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学.北京:石油工业出版社,2001
郑荣才,胡忠贵等.川东北地区长兴组白云岩储层的成因研究[J].矿物岩石,2007,27(12):78-84
张继庆,李汝,官举鸣等.四川盆地及邻区晚二叠世生物礁.成都:四川科技出版社,1990
曾鼎乾,刘炳温,黄蕴明.中国各地质历史时期生物礁[A].曾鼎乾地质论文选,北京:石油工业出版社,1995.174-251.
朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,等.四川盆地天然气特征及气源[J].地学前缘.2006,13(2):120-125
钟建华,温志峰等.生物礁的研究现状与发展趋势[J].地质论评,2005,51(3):32-3