岩性油气藏勘探理论和方法体系研究
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摘要
随着国民经济的快速发展,能源需求在不断扩大。在构造油气藏已基本落实的情况下,岩性油气藏成为大油气田的勘探方向,岩性圈闭已经成为石油勘探的重要目标。由于岩性油气藏形成和赋存的隐蔽性和复杂性,其理论和方法体系研究即是石油地质学领域的重要研究内容,成为降低油气勘探风险的有效方法。准噶尔盆地的油气勘探处在由构造油气藏勘探向岩性油气藏勘探转变的转折时期,以往的勘探目标以古凸起上的断块和低幅度背斜为主,随着勘探程度的提高,勘探目标转向斜坡区和深凹陷的岩性圈闭成为必然趋势。按照层序地层学分析,准噶尔盆地夏盐地区和中拐地区侏罗系不整合面上、下和斜坡区辫状河三角洲前缘是岩性油气藏发育的有利场所,具有较大的勘探潜力。本文以夏盐地区和中拐地区的侏罗系岩性油气藏为研究对象,研究准噶尔盆地岩性油气藏勘探理论、方法体系及其应用实效。
利用地质、地震、测井相结合的综合研究方法,分析了夏盐地区和中拐地区3000km~2三维地震资料和80多口探井资料,建立了岩性油气藏勘探理论和方法体系,全面阐述了基于区带评价的研究方法和基于岩性圈闭识别和评价的研究方法。研究内容包括岩性油气藏勘探理论研究、地质基础研究和区带评价、物探基础和技术方法研究、岩性圈闭识别和评价、岩性油气藏特征和成藏条件研究。在岩性油气藏勘探的地质基础、方法体系、技术创新和勘探实效上取得了很好的效果。
从层序地层学入手,按等时地层格架划分小层并进行砂层对比,结合沉积体系和古地貌研究,指出了岩性油气藏形成的新层系和有利区,深入分析了岩性油气藏研究的资料条件和影响因素,按基于目标评价的研究方法落实和评价了石南4井东岩性圈闭和拐19井西断层—岩性圈闭,分析了石南31井区岩性油气藏地质特征,解剖了石南4区、石南21区构造—岩性油气藏之间的关系,并建立了准噶尔盆地岩性油气藏勘探理论和方法体系。主要取得了以下研究成果:
岩性油气藏勘探理论主要包括:①层序地层学划分确定有利层系;②坡折带研究预测岩性油气藏的类型;③沉积体系和沉积相研究确定有利区,勘探实践表明:大型河湖过渡带是岩性油气藏富集的有利区带;④含油气系统研究确定工作思路,针对准噶尔盆地侏罗系“古源型”油气系统和富砂坳陷型湖盆提出了岩性油气藏勘探研究的思路是“岩性油气藏—岩性圈闭—砂体—储层—含油气性”;⑤岩性油气藏的控制因素有:最大和初次湖泛面控制了岩性油气藏分布的层系;不整合面控制了地层油气藏的分布;油源断层控制了岩性油气藏的分布区域,成圈断层控制了岩性油气藏的规模,成藏断层控制了岩性油气藏的富集。
在层序地层学指导下用基于区带评价的研究方法和基于圈闭评价的研究方法解决岩性油气藏勘探中区带级和目标级任务。资料条件研究和成藏条件研究是岩性圈闭评价过程中研究圈闭可靠性和有效性的关键环节。岩性油气藏形成的控制因素比较复杂,关键因素即不整合面、最大洪泛面和断层面(主要作为油气系统的疏导体系)。岩性圈闭识别归结落实“四条线”和
With the national express economic growth, energy is demanded rapidly. To obtain the profitable business from oil exploration, stratigraphic trap has become dominant target of oil exploration. Because stratigraphic traps are of subtle and complexion, the system of theory and methodology for stratigraphic trap exploration has become important basic research in petroleum geology and effective means to avoid the risk for oil exploration. As an example, the petroleum exploration in Junggar basin is at the turn point from the stage of structure trap on paleo-uplift to the stage of stratigraphic trap on its slope. It is priority region of Jurassic stratigraphic trap exploration in their slops of the Xiayuan uplift and Zhongguai uplift that are braid delta front. So the study on the system of theory and methodology for exploring stratigraphic reservoir has been fulfilled in the dissertation.The integrative research methods are used in the study on stratigraphic trap, such as the combination of geology, seismology and loggings, analyzing 7 blocks 3D seismic data and more than 80 wells log curves and cuttings. A system of theory and methodology for exploring stratigraphic reservoir has been up built based on play and trap assessment. Many aspects of stratigraphic reservoir, including its definition, classification, basic geological, geophysical and technical research, identifying trap, play and trap assessment, characteristics and formation of stratigraphic reservoir, have been discussed. And more progress has been made.Under the guidance of sequence stratigraphy, the sequence boundary between Cretaceous and Jurassic system is reset by using seismic profiles and well data in Xiayan region. The new stratigraphic layer and play for stratigraphic reservoir are proposed. The dominant factors and data condition that affected stratigraphic trap are also analyzed. The East-Well Shinan 4 stratigraphic trap and The West-Well Guai 19 fault-stratigraphic trap have been identified and valued by the method based on trap assessment. The geological characteristic of Shinan 31 stratigraphic reservoir, Shinan 4 and Shinan 21 are anatomized based on reservoir analysis. The system of theory and methodology for exploring stratigraphic trap has been set up. The productions of the dissertation are as follows:The theory for exploring stratigraphic has been accepted as follows.The profitable reservoir is ascertained by compartmentalizing sequence stratigraphy. The types of stratigraphic reservoir are predicted by studying break slope. The prospecting area is outlined by plotting sedimentary system and facies and the abundant stratigraphic reservoir has enriched in fluvial-lacustrine transitional zones .The idea is guided by understanding oil system. The idea for exploring Jurassic stratigraphic reservoirs has been proposed based on the their Paleozoic source rock and sandstone enriched depression as stratigraphic reservoir, stratigraphic trap,
sandstone bodies, reservoir rock and reservoir. The stratigraphic reservoir are dominated as follows, the series of stratigraphic reservoir related sedimentary is dominated by Max and earlier fluvial surfaces, stratigraphic reservoir is dominated by unconformity. The distribution, acreage and richness of stratigraphic reservoir are dominated by source faults, trap faults, reservoir faults.The methodology for exploring stratigraphic has been proposed as follows: The play assessment is studied under guidance of sequence stratigraphy sedimentary system and facies analysis, and the trap assessment is studied based on identifying trap, and the reliability and effectiveness of stratigraphic trap are estimated based on reliability of seismic data and petroleum system. The formation of stratigraphic reservoir is complex, and its dominant factors are unconformity, source faults, max higher fluvial surface and drainages system of petroleum. The stratigraphic traps are dominated by four lines such as pinch out, erosion, iso- thickness of reservoir, and iso-structure line, and four surfaces ceiling, bottom of reservoir, unconformity and fault. The contents of stratigraphic trap studies include data analysis of seismic and logging, stratigraphic trap play assessment, stratigraphic trap identification and stratigraphic trap formation mechanism. The accuracy of stratigraphic trap is affected in different stage of data gathering, processing, interpreting, impendence, mapping. It is emphasis that improving resolving power should be resolved in field stage and predicting petrology should be resolved in data processing stage.The sequence boundary between Jurassic and Cretaceous system is reclassified correctly in Xiayan region, because the stratigraphic trap has been discovered and enhanced the view.On the aspect of play assessment, the stratigraphic horizon (J2t0) and new play are proposed latterly, the newly stratigraphic layers (J2t0 Jzt3 J2x4) , including former Iayers(J2t2-. J2x2 J2S2) .are of stratigraphic trap. Seven stratigraphic trap plays, the Jidong play(the reservoir of J2t3N J2t2),the North-Well Shinan7 play(the reservoir of J2t2), the Jinan play(the reservoir of J2t3 J2t2 J2t1 J2t0), the Jibei play(the reservoir of J2t2 J2t J2t0), the northern of Sangequan sag play (the reservoir of J2t3 J2t2 J2t1 J2t0),the Shinanl3-Ji002(the reservoir of J1s1,), the northern of Shinan sag play (the reservoir of J2x3, J2x2 J2x1). Otherwise, in Zhongguai region, it is a prospecting region in its southern slope that some of the multiple horizons(the reservoir of J1b34 J1b1 3 J1S21 J2s31) are discovered of stratigraphic reservoirs.On the aspect of trap assessment, a variety of stratigraphic trap developed in Xianyan and Zhongguai region. There are uniform-orientation stratigraphic trap, converse-orientation stratigraphic trap, oblique-orientation stratigraphic trap, stratigraphic trap, left-fault stratigraphic trap, right-fault stratigraphic trap by intersecting sedimentary orientation with structure.
On the aspect of reservoir character, the reservoir Shinan31 is regarded as structure-stratigraphic reservoir (J:to- Ktq) that is dominated by structure, lithology and stratigraphy. The Shinan4 (^2) & the Shinan21 (J2t2) are back-fence structure- stratigraphic reservoir by a narrow strait, which are different oil-water contact.The achievement of the research & its application has filled the blank of Junggar basin that the dream of discovering stratigraphic reservoir under the guideline of exploring stratigraphic trap has become true. The Shinan 31 Block structure-stratigraphic reservoir, which is regard as milestone of exploring stratigraphic reservoir in Junggar basin, has been discovered and 2119xlO4 tone geological reserve has been proved. The characteristics of the reservoir is considered as a structure-stratigraphic reservoir , which ceiling is of Cretaceous mudstone(K!q) , floor of Jurassic mudstone(J2t) , reservoir(J2t0) of Cretaceous conglomerates(Kiq) and Jurassic sandstone(J2to) that combined with unconformity(K/J).The theory and methodology for exploring stratigraphic reservoir has magnificent meanings of geological theory and practical application. So it might be applied in Junggar basin and the others.
利用地质、地震、测井相结合的综合研究方法,分析了夏盐地区和中拐地区3000km~2三维地震资料和80多口探井资料,建立了岩性油气藏勘探理论和方法体系,全面阐述了基于区带评价的研究方法和基于岩性圈闭识别和评价的研究方法。研究内容包括岩性油气藏勘探理论研究、地质基础研究和区带评价、物探基础和技术方法研究、岩性圈闭识别和评价、岩性油气藏特征和成藏条件研究。在岩性油气藏勘探的地质基础、方法体系、技术创新和勘探实效上取得了很好的效果。
从层序地层学入手,按等时地层格架划分小层并进行砂层对比,结合沉积体系和古地貌研究,指出了岩性油气藏形成的新层系和有利区,深入分析了岩性油气藏研究的资料条件和影响因素,按基于目标评价的研究方法落实和评价了石南4井东岩性圈闭和拐19井西断层—岩性圈闭,分析了石南31井区岩性油气藏地质特征,解剖了石南4区、石南21区构造—岩性油气藏之间的关系,并建立了准噶尔盆地岩性油气藏勘探理论和方法体系。主要取得了以下研究成果:
岩性油气藏勘探理论主要包括:①层序地层学划分确定有利层系;②坡折带研究预测岩性油气藏的类型;③沉积体系和沉积相研究确定有利区,勘探实践表明:大型河湖过渡带是岩性油气藏富集的有利区带;④含油气系统研究确定工作思路,针对准噶尔盆地侏罗系“古源型”油气系统和富砂坳陷型湖盆提出了岩性油气藏勘探研究的思路是“岩性油气藏—岩性圈闭—砂体—储层—含油气性”;⑤岩性油气藏的控制因素有:最大和初次湖泛面控制了岩性油气藏分布的层系;不整合面控制了地层油气藏的分布;油源断层控制了岩性油气藏的分布区域,成圈断层控制了岩性油气藏的规模,成藏断层控制了岩性油气藏的富集。
在层序地层学指导下用基于区带评价的研究方法和基于圈闭评价的研究方法解决岩性油气藏勘探中区带级和目标级任务。资料条件研究和成藏条件研究是岩性圈闭评价过程中研究圈闭可靠性和有效性的关键环节。岩性油气藏形成的控制因素比较复杂,关键因素即不整合面、最大洪泛面和断层面(主要作为油气系统的疏导体系)。岩性圈闭识别归结落实“四条线”和
With the national express economic growth, energy is demanded rapidly. To obtain the profitable business from oil exploration, stratigraphic trap has become dominant target of oil exploration. Because stratigraphic traps are of subtle and complexion, the system of theory and methodology for stratigraphic trap exploration has become important basic research in petroleum geology and effective means to avoid the risk for oil exploration. As an example, the petroleum exploration in Junggar basin is at the turn point from the stage of structure trap on paleo-uplift to the stage of stratigraphic trap on its slope. It is priority region of Jurassic stratigraphic trap exploration in their slops of the Xiayuan uplift and Zhongguai uplift that are braid delta front. So the study on the system of theory and methodology for exploring stratigraphic reservoir has been fulfilled in the dissertation.The integrative research methods are used in the study on stratigraphic trap, such as the combination of geology, seismology and loggings, analyzing 7 blocks 3D seismic data and more than 80 wells log curves and cuttings. A system of theory and methodology for exploring stratigraphic reservoir has been up built based on play and trap assessment. Many aspects of stratigraphic reservoir, including its definition, classification, basic geological, geophysical and technical research, identifying trap, play and trap assessment, characteristics and formation of stratigraphic reservoir, have been discussed. And more progress has been made.Under the guidance of sequence stratigraphy, the sequence boundary between Cretaceous and Jurassic system is reset by using seismic profiles and well data in Xiayan region. The new stratigraphic layer and play for stratigraphic reservoir are proposed. The dominant factors and data condition that affected stratigraphic trap are also analyzed. The East-Well Shinan 4 stratigraphic trap and The West-Well Guai 19 fault-stratigraphic trap have been identified and valued by the method based on trap assessment. The geological characteristic of Shinan 31 stratigraphic reservoir, Shinan 4 and Shinan 21 are anatomized based on reservoir analysis. The system of theory and methodology for exploring stratigraphic trap has been set up. The productions of the dissertation are as follows:The theory for exploring stratigraphic has been accepted as follows.The profitable reservoir is ascertained by compartmentalizing sequence stratigraphy. The types of stratigraphic reservoir are predicted by studying break slope. The prospecting area is outlined by plotting sedimentary system and facies and the abundant stratigraphic reservoir has enriched in fluvial-lacustrine transitional zones .The idea is guided by understanding oil system. The idea for exploring Jurassic stratigraphic reservoirs has been proposed based on the their Paleozoic source rock and sandstone enriched depression as stratigraphic reservoir, stratigraphic trap,
sandstone bodies, reservoir rock and reservoir. The stratigraphic reservoir are dominated as follows, the series of stratigraphic reservoir related sedimentary is dominated by Max and earlier fluvial surfaces, stratigraphic reservoir is dominated by unconformity. The distribution, acreage and richness of stratigraphic reservoir are dominated by source faults, trap faults, reservoir faults.The methodology for exploring stratigraphic has been proposed as follows: The play assessment is studied under guidance of sequence stratigraphy sedimentary system and facies analysis, and the trap assessment is studied based on identifying trap, and the reliability and effectiveness of stratigraphic trap are estimated based on reliability of seismic data and petroleum system. The formation of stratigraphic reservoir is complex, and its dominant factors are unconformity, source faults, max higher fluvial surface and drainages system of petroleum. The stratigraphic traps are dominated by four lines such as pinch out, erosion, iso- thickness of reservoir, and iso-structure line, and four surfaces ceiling, bottom of reservoir, unconformity and fault. The contents of stratigraphic trap studies include data analysis of seismic and logging, stratigraphic trap play assessment, stratigraphic trap identification and stratigraphic trap formation mechanism. The accuracy of stratigraphic trap is affected in different stage of data gathering, processing, interpreting, impendence, mapping. It is emphasis that improving resolving power should be resolved in field stage and predicting petrology should be resolved in data processing stage.The sequence boundary between Jurassic and Cretaceous system is reclassified correctly in Xiayan region, because the stratigraphic trap has been discovered and enhanced the view.On the aspect of play assessment, the stratigraphic horizon (J2t0) and new play are proposed latterly, the newly stratigraphic layers (J2t0 Jzt3 J2x4) , including former Iayers(J2t2-. J2x2 J2S2) .are of stratigraphic trap. Seven stratigraphic trap plays, the Jidong play(the reservoir of J2t3N J2t2),the North-Well Shinan7 play(the reservoir of J2t2), the Jinan play(the reservoir of J2t3 J2t2 J2t1 J2t0), the Jibei play(the reservoir of J2t2 J2t J2t0), the northern of Sangequan sag play (the reservoir of J2t3 J2t2 J2t1 J2t0),the Shinanl3-Ji002(the reservoir of J1s1,), the northern of Shinan sag play (the reservoir of J2x3, J2x2 J2x1). Otherwise, in Zhongguai region, it is a prospecting region in its southern slope that some of the multiple horizons(the reservoir of J1b34 J1b1 3 J1S21 J2s31) are discovered of stratigraphic reservoirs.On the aspect of trap assessment, a variety of stratigraphic trap developed in Xianyan and Zhongguai region. There are uniform-orientation stratigraphic trap, converse-orientation stratigraphic trap, oblique-orientation stratigraphic trap, stratigraphic trap, left-fault stratigraphic trap, right-fault stratigraphic trap by intersecting sedimentary orientation with structure.
On the aspect of reservoir character, the reservoir Shinan31 is regarded as structure-stratigraphic reservoir (J:to- Ktq) that is dominated by structure, lithology and stratigraphy. The Shinan4 (^2) & the Shinan21 (J2t2) are back-fence structure- stratigraphic reservoir by a narrow strait, which are different oil-water contact.The achievement of the research & its application has filled the blank of Junggar basin that the dream of discovering stratigraphic reservoir under the guideline of exploring stratigraphic trap has become true. The Shinan 31 Block structure-stratigraphic reservoir, which is regard as milestone of exploring stratigraphic reservoir in Junggar basin, has been discovered and 2119xlO4 tone geological reserve has been proved. The characteristics of the reservoir is considered as a structure-stratigraphic reservoir , which ceiling is of Cretaceous mudstone(K!q) , floor of Jurassic mudstone(J2t) , reservoir(J2t0) of Cretaceous conglomerates(Kiq) and Jurassic sandstone(J2to) that combined with unconformity(K/J).The theory and methodology for exploring stratigraphic reservoir has magnificent meanings of geological theory and practical application. So it might be applied in Junggar basin and the others.
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