MAV气动外形形变性能研究
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摘要
微型飞行器(简称MAV)是飞行器新兴的发展方向，国内外在研的MAV有20多种，气动布局形式多种多样，但哪种气动布局最适合于HAV还仍无定论，且控制问题是MAV研究中最具有挑战性的关键技术问题，由于MAV体积小、质量轻，传统的控制方案对于MAV已不太适合，而基于MAV气动外形形变的姿态控制方案是一种新颖的先进控制策略，可望填补MAV控制问题研究领域的空白。本文旨在对各种气动布局的MAV进行气动特性比较分析与综合，得出最适合于MAV的原型机，在建立一套基于气动外形形变的性能研究环境的基础上，对该原型机进行气动外形形变先进控制策略的探索。
本文针对MAV的具体特点，抽象出MAV的气动工程计算数学模型，建立起气动工程估算环境，对各种气动布局进行了气动特性比较分析与综合，寻求出理想的MAV气动布局方案并提出MAV原型机，抽象出基于涡格法的气动外形形变的数学模型，建立起气动外形形变性能研究环境，探讨新型的飞行控制方法和气动力控制策略，在得出气动外形形变模型的初始方案后，对其进行进一步的优化，最后得出理想的气动外形形变执行机构组合阵列。
本文的研究工作是在国家自然科学基金项目——基于气动外形变形的MAV控制问题研究(编号为60175032)的资助下开展的，是进行MAV新颖控制方案研究的基础性工作。
MAV represents a newly developing direction of aircraft, at home and broad, there are more than twenty kinds of MAV in research, the configuration is many and varied, but the problem about which kind of configuration is fit for MAV still have no conclusion being drew. What's more, the control technique is the most challenging issue of MAV. Because of the tiny volume and little mass of MAV, the traditional controlling scheme hasn't been so suitable. Instead, the controlling according to attitude-controlling of the deformation of aerodynamic configuration is new and advance measure, which has great probability to supply the gap in researching of the control technique of MAV. This paper aims that three varied configurations of Micro Air Vehicle will be designed and Optimized, then their aerodynamic property will be compared and analyzed, And the prototype of MAV will be got. On the base of the soft about the deformation of aerodynamic configuration of MAV, the advanced controlling technique of the deformation o
f aerodynamic configuration about the prototype MAV will be explored.
Based on the characteristic of Micro Air Vehicle, this paper abstracted the aerodynamic evaluation mathematics models, developed a aerodynamic engineering estimation program, all kinds of aerodynamic configuration was compared and analyzed, found the perfect configuration and got the prototype of MAV. Abstracted the model about the deformation of aerodynamic configuration on base of the method of vortex lattice, developed the program for researching the performance of the deformation of aerodynamic configuration. Explored the new scheme of the method of flight control and aerodynamic control. After getting the original project of the model of the deformation of aerodynamic configuration, which will be optimized further. Lastly get the optimized Innovative control effectors of the deformation of aerodynamic configuration.
The research in this paper is granted by the item of National Natural Science Foundation of China, the research of MAV control base deformation of aerodynamic configuration (NO:60175032), it is the ground work of developing innovative control scheme.
本文针对MAV的具体特点，抽象出MAV的气动工程计算数学模型，建立起气动工程估算环境，对各种气动布局进行了气动特性比较分析与综合，寻求出理想的MAV气动布局方案并提出MAV原型机，抽象出基于涡格法的气动外形形变的数学模型，建立起气动外形形变性能研究环境，探讨新型的飞行控制方法和气动力控制策略，在得出气动外形形变模型的初始方案后，对其进行进一步的优化，最后得出理想的气动外形形变执行机构组合阵列。
本文的研究工作是在国家自然科学基金项目——基于气动外形变形的MAV控制问题研究(编号为60175032)的资助下开展的，是进行MAV新颖控制方案研究的基础性工作。
MAV represents a newly developing direction of aircraft, at home and broad, there are more than twenty kinds of MAV in research, the configuration is many and varied, but the problem about which kind of configuration is fit for MAV still have no conclusion being drew. What's more, the control technique is the most challenging issue of MAV. Because of the tiny volume and little mass of MAV, the traditional controlling scheme hasn't been so suitable. Instead, the controlling according to attitude-controlling of the deformation of aerodynamic configuration is new and advance measure, which has great probability to supply the gap in researching of the control technique of MAV. This paper aims that three varied configurations of Micro Air Vehicle will be designed and Optimized, then their aerodynamic property will be compared and analyzed, And the prototype of MAV will be got. On the base of the soft about the deformation of aerodynamic configuration of MAV, the advanced controlling technique of the deformation o
f aerodynamic configuration about the prototype MAV will be explored.
Based on the characteristic of Micro Air Vehicle, this paper abstracted the aerodynamic evaluation mathematics models, developed a aerodynamic engineering estimation program, all kinds of aerodynamic configuration was compared and analyzed, found the perfect configuration and got the prototype of MAV. Abstracted the model about the deformation of aerodynamic configuration on base of the method of vortex lattice, developed the program for researching the performance of the deformation of aerodynamic configuration. Explored the new scheme of the method of flight control and aerodynamic control. After getting the original project of the model of the deformation of aerodynamic configuration, which will be optimized further. Lastly get the optimized Innovative control effectors of the deformation of aerodynamic configuration.
The research in this paper is granted by the item of National Natural Science Foundation of China, the research of MAV control base deformation of aerodynamic configuration (NO:60175032), it is the ground work of developing innovative control scheme.
引文
[1]Hundley Richard O. Gritton, Eugene C., Future Technology-Driven Revolutions in Military Operations, Documented BrieFing of the RAND National Defense Research Institute, December 1992.
[2]Masoud Rais-Rohani and George R. Hicks, Multidisciplinary Design and Prototype Development of a Micro Air Vehicle, AIAA Journal of Aircraft ,1999(36-1)
[3]曹云峰，王柳文等，微型飞行器控制与导航系统研究，航空电子技术，2002．3第33卷第1期，p31
[4]苑伟政等，基于MEMS的微型飞机(MAV)关键技术，航空精密技术，2000．6第36卷第3期，p1
[5]Gerken L C, UAV----unmanned aerial vehicles, American Scientific Corp, E-55136,1991
[6]李颜华等，微型飞行器对传统航空技术的挑战，国际航空，2000．5
[7]王立文，空中“小精灵”——微型飞行器挑战传统设计思维和战争模式，国际航空，2000．12
[8]前田辙，美军在阿富汗实地实验新武器，参考消息，2001．12．11，p5
[9] J.R. Wilson, Mini technologies for major impact, America Aerospace,1998(5)
[1O]肖永利、张琛，微型飞行器的研究现状与关键技术，宇航学报，2001．9，
[11]1997 Micro AV Competition Rules, http://www. aero. ufl. edu/~issmo/mav/mavl.htm
[12]BAE Systems, MicroSWAR Micro Air Vehicle Design to Reality, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company Report, 2001.4
[13]MLB Company, MLB Product, http://www. sirius, com/~mlbco
[14]Discovery Online, Tiny Spies In the Sky, http://www. discovery. com/stories/technology/ microplanes
[15]Amy Stone, Flying into the Future, http://www.gtri.gatech. edu/rh-spr97/microfly. htm
[16]Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, Micro-air-Vehicles: Can They be Controlled Better?,lournal of Aircraft, 2001.3(Vol.38)
[17] Douglas Page, Micro Air Vehicles: Learning from the Birds and Bees, http://www. hightechcareers. com/doc198e/mavl98e.html.
[18] Douglas Page, MAV Flight Control: Realities and Challenges, http://www. hightechcareers. com/doc198e/flightcontrol198e.html.
[19] Kenneth L.B. , et al., AFTI/F111 mission adaptive wing flight research program, In: A Collection of Technical Papers AIAA 4th Flight Test Conf., San Diego,1988
[20] Sharon L. Padula, et al. , Multidisciplinary Techniques and Novel Aircraft Control Systems, AIAA 2000-4848
[21] Martin R. Waszak, Luther N. Jenkins, Stability and Control Properties of an Aeroelastic Fixed Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle, AIAA 2001-4005
[22] Limin Zheng and B. R. Ramaprian, A Piezo-Electrically Actuated Wing for A Micro Air Vehicle
[23] Masoud Rais-Rohani and George R. Hicks, Multidisciplinary Design and Prototype Development of a Micro Air Vehicle, AIAA Journal of Aircraft ,1999(36-1)
[24] Stephen J. Morris, Design and flight test results for Micro-sized fixed-wing and VTOL aircraft, http://www. sirius. com/mlbco/mav. html, 1998． 7 updated
[25] Stephen J. Morris, Design of A Micro-sized unmanned aircraft Using MDO, Herk Stokely Publishing, 1998
[26] Jason Bostjancic and Gabriel Torres, Multidisciplinary Optimization Report for U.F.O. :University of Florida Observer Aircraft Design and Optimization, Second Annual ISSMO Micro Aerial Vehicle Competition May 9,1998
[27] James M. McMichael, Micro Air Vehicle(MAV)----Toward a New Dimension in Flight, http://www.darapa.mil/tto/mav.html, 1998． 5 Updated
[28] Michael A.Park, Flight Control using Destributed Shape-changed Effector Arrays, AIAA 2000-1560
[29] 严恒元，飞行器气动特性分析与工程计算，西北工业大学出版社， 1990． 6
[30]航空气动力手册(第二册)，航空工业出版社
[31]航空气动力手册(第三册)，《七二一零》办公室
[32]曾庆华，何烈堂，张育林，一个通用的MAV气动工程估算环境的开发，航空计算技术，2002第2期
[33]孙世贤、黄圳圭等，理论力学教程，国防科技大学出版社，1997．7
[34]熊海泉等，飞机飞行动力学，航空工业出版社，1990．10
[35]吕学富，飞行器飞行力学，西北工业大学出版社，1995．6
[36]杨柞生，俞守勤，飞行器部件空气动力学，航空工业出版社，1987．4
[37]张明廉，飞行控制系统，国防工业出版社，1998．8
[38]何庆芝等，《飞机设计手册》第1册，航空工业出版社，1996．1
[39]余雄庆，徐惠民等，飞机总体设计，航空工业出版社，2000．11
[40]《航空工业科技词典》编辑委员会，航空工业科技词典，国防工业出版社，1982．2
[41]龙乐豪等，总体设计，宇航出版社，1993．4
[42]曾庆华、管于球等，微型飞行器研究进展，飞航导弹，2000．6，pp．7-9
[43]任兵，计算流体力学引论，国防科技大学101教研室，1986．8
[44]Tomas Melin, A Vortex Lattice MATLAB Implementation for Linear Aerodynamic Wing Applications, December 2000
[45]尹鸿俊，飞翼模型设计的体会
[46]卢成文，一种可能出现的战斗机新布局型式——前掠翼，航空世界，2001．7
[47]余雄庆，丁运亮，多学科设计优化算法及其飞行器设汁中应用，航空学报，2000．1
[48]王书河等，一种快速的飞行器布局方案优选方法，宇航学报，2001．7
[49]朱路，飞机空气动力学的进展，飞机设计参考资料，2000．3
[50]胡军，电子战中无人机的任务及生存能力研究，航空科学技术，2000．2
[51]曹怡陵，攻击型无人飞行器的发展研究，飞航导弹，2000第7期
[52]GJBl85-86，有人驾驶飞机(固定翼)飞行品质，国防科技工业委员会，1986．11．29
[53]程卫国等，MATLAB 5.3应用指南，人民邮电出版社，1999．11
[54]周明等，MATLAB图形技术——绘图及图形用户接口，西北工业大学出版社，1999．11
[2]Masoud Rais-Rohani and George R. Hicks, Multidisciplinary Design and Prototype Development of a Micro Air Vehicle, AIAA Journal of Aircraft ,1999(36-1)
[3]曹云峰，王柳文等，微型飞行器控制与导航系统研究，航空电子技术，2002．3第33卷第1期，p31
[4]苑伟政等，基于MEMS的微型飞机(MAV)关键技术，航空精密技术，2000．6第36卷第3期，p1
[5]Gerken L C, UAV----unmanned aerial vehicles, American Scientific Corp, E-55136,1991
[6]李颜华等，微型飞行器对传统航空技术的挑战，国际航空，2000．5
[7]王立文，空中“小精灵”——微型飞行器挑战传统设计思维和战争模式，国际航空，2000．12
[8]前田辙，美军在阿富汗实地实验新武器，参考消息，2001．12．11，p5
[9] J.R. Wilson, Mini technologies for major impact, America Aerospace,1998(5)
[1O]肖永利、张琛，微型飞行器的研究现状与关键技术，宇航学报，2001．9，
[11]1997 Micro AV Competition Rules, http://www. aero. ufl. edu/~issmo/mav/mavl.htm
[12]BAE Systems, MicroSWAR Micro Air Vehicle Design to Reality, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company Report, 2001.4
[13]MLB Company, MLB Product, http://www. sirius, com/~mlbco
[14]Discovery Online, Tiny Spies In the Sky, http://www. discovery. com/stories/technology/ microplanes
[15]Amy Stone, Flying into the Future, http://www.gtri.gatech. edu/rh-spr97/microfly. htm
[16]Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, Micro-air-Vehicles: Can They be Controlled Better?,lournal of Aircraft, 2001.3(Vol.38)
[17] Douglas Page, Micro Air Vehicles: Learning from the Birds and Bees, http://www. hightechcareers. com/doc198e/mavl98e.html.
[18] Douglas Page, MAV Flight Control: Realities and Challenges, http://www. hightechcareers. com/doc198e/flightcontrol198e.html.
[19] Kenneth L.B. , et al., AFTI/F111 mission adaptive wing flight research program, In: A Collection of Technical Papers AIAA 4th Flight Test Conf., San Diego,1988
[20] Sharon L. Padula, et al. , Multidisciplinary Techniques and Novel Aircraft Control Systems, AIAA 2000-4848
[21] Martin R. Waszak, Luther N. Jenkins, Stability and Control Properties of an Aeroelastic Fixed Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle, AIAA 2001-4005
[22] Limin Zheng and B. R. Ramaprian, A Piezo-Electrically Actuated Wing for A Micro Air Vehicle
[23] Masoud Rais-Rohani and George R. Hicks, Multidisciplinary Design and Prototype Development of a Micro Air Vehicle, AIAA Journal of Aircraft ,1999(36-1)
[24] Stephen J. Morris, Design and flight test results for Micro-sized fixed-wing and VTOL aircraft, http://www. sirius. com/mlbco/mav. html, 1998． 7 updated
[25] Stephen J. Morris, Design of A Micro-sized unmanned aircraft Using MDO, Herk Stokely Publishing, 1998
[26] Jason Bostjancic and Gabriel Torres, Multidisciplinary Optimization Report for U.F.O. :University of Florida Observer Aircraft Design and Optimization, Second Annual ISSMO Micro Aerial Vehicle Competition May 9,1998
[27] James M. McMichael, Micro Air Vehicle(MAV)----Toward a New Dimension in Flight, http://www.darapa.mil/tto/mav.html, 1998． 5 Updated
[28] Michael A.Park, Flight Control using Destributed Shape-changed Effector Arrays, AIAA 2000-1560
[29] 严恒元，飞行器气动特性分析与工程计算，西北工业大学出版社， 1990． 6
[30]航空气动力手册(第二册)，航空工业出版社
[31]航空气动力手册(第三册)，《七二一零》办公室
[32]曾庆华，何烈堂，张育林，一个通用的MAV气动工程估算环境的开发，航空计算技术，2002第2期
[33]孙世贤、黄圳圭等，理论力学教程，国防科技大学出版社，1997．7
[34]熊海泉等，飞机飞行动力学，航空工业出版社，1990．10
[35]吕学富，飞行器飞行力学，西北工业大学出版社，1995．6
[36]杨柞生，俞守勤，飞行器部件空气动力学，航空工业出版社，1987．4
[37]张明廉，飞行控制系统，国防工业出版社，1998．8
[38]何庆芝等，《飞机设计手册》第1册，航空工业出版社，1996．1
[39]余雄庆，徐惠民等，飞机总体设计，航空工业出版社，2000．11
[40]《航空工业科技词典》编辑委员会，航空工业科技词典，国防工业出版社，1982．2
[41]龙乐豪等，总体设计，宇航出版社，1993．4
[42]曾庆华、管于球等，微型飞行器研究进展，飞航导弹，2000．6，pp．7-9
[43]任兵，计算流体力学引论，国防科技大学101教研室，1986．8
[44]Tomas Melin, A Vortex Lattice MATLAB Implementation for Linear Aerodynamic Wing Applications, December 2000
[45]尹鸿俊，飞翼模型设计的体会
[46]卢成文，一种可能出现的战斗机新布局型式——前掠翼，航空世界，2001．7
[47]余雄庆，丁运亮，多学科设计优化算法及其飞行器设汁中应用，航空学报，2000．1
[48]王书河等，一种快速的飞行器布局方案优选方法，宇航学报，2001．7
[49]朱路，飞机空气动力学的进展，飞机设计参考资料，2000．3
[50]胡军，电子战中无人机的任务及生存能力研究，航空科学技术，2000．2
[51]曹怡陵，攻击型无人飞行器的发展研究，飞航导弹，2000第7期
[52]GJBl85-86，有人驾驶飞机(固定翼)飞行品质，国防科技工业委员会，1986．11．29
[53]程卫国等，MATLAB 5.3应用指南，人民邮电出版社，1999．11
[54]周明等，MATLAB图形技术——绘图及图形用户接口，西北工业大学出版社，1999．11
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