基于TCI与IAQ的空调智能控制研究
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摘要
人们80％以上的时间在室内度过，而调查显示，室内的热舒适指标(TCI)和室内空气品质(IAQ)仍远没达到健康、舒适的要求。本文以衡量热舒适性的PMV和反映IAQ的CO_2浓度为控制输入，建立相应的控制策略，分别对变频空调器压缩机、蒸发器风机、新风阀(机)和台式小风扇进行控制，以同时满足0 根据本文的研究结果，可以得出如下结论：
a．利用神经网络信息处理技术对热舒适性指标进行智能预测是可行的。
b．按照室内空气质量标准最小新鲜空气量30m~3／h·人进行送风，室内CO_2浓度能满足小于1000ppm的要求。在适合用CO_2浓度反映IAQ的环境中，采用CO_2需求控制通风能满足IAQ要求，而且节能。采用CO_2的需求控制通风比按实际人数×30m~3／h·人的新风量控制节能5％左右，比按12人×30m~3／h·人的新风量控制节能超过17％。
c．根据本文的空调系统模型，采用模糊控制技术对变频空调器分别进行传统设定温度和设定温湿度控制，基本上能满足舒适性要求。但用设定温湿度控制时，因为温度和相对湿度控制之间存在耦合效应，导致控制效果不如设定温度控制，后者的控制精度在0.1℃左右。
d．本文基于PMV的智能控制满足热舒适性0People typically spend over 80 percent of their time indoors where,however,is far from health and comfort in terms of thermal comfort index(TCI)and indoor air quality(IAQ).
The idea of using predicted mean vote(PMV), indicating human thermal comfort, and carbon dioxide(CO2) concentration, indicating occupancy and indoor air quality(IAQ), as control inputs to develop control strategies for a residence is proposed by varying inverter air-conditioner compressor frequencies, evaporator fan speeds, fresh air valve positions(or fresh air fan speeds), and the desk fan speeds respectively with PMV within a range from 0 to 0.5 and CO2 under lOOOppm. Computer simulations of thermal comfort and indoor air quality in a standard air-conditioned office compartment is conducted by modeling air conditioner system. At the same time, the analysis of energy consumption is carried out with CI control compared with the conventional temperature and relative humidity control and CO2-based DCV compared with the target per-person ventilation rates. In addition, the development of intelligent ANN-based PMV predictor are presented.
The conclusions can be drawn from the research as follows:
a. It is reliable to predict PMV by the use of Neural Network.
b.The target per-person ventilation rates of the minimum up to 30 steres per person per hour of the flow rate of fresh air in accordance with "Indoor Air Quality Standard" can assure CO2 under 1000ppm. However, CO2-based demand-controlled ventilation (CO2-based DCV) systems can keep an acceptable indoor air quality with a CO2 setpoint of 1000ppm, and energy can be conserved in the indoor spaces where CO2 is suitable
to reflect IAQ porformence. Fortunately, CO2-based DCV consumes 5% less than the strategy which acquires the flow rate by multiplying actual occupants by 30m3 per person per hour, and up to 17% less than the one which achieves the flow rate by multiplying 12 occupants by 30m3 per person per hour. Interestedly,the conventional set-point control algorithms comply with the same rule.
c. Thermal comfort can be maintained even with the conventional temperature and humidity control only if air-conditioner type, control strategy, and control algorithms are considered reasonably. The performace of the strategy concerning temperature and relative humidity simultaneously is inferior to the one concerning only temperature because of cross-coupling,and the later keeps precision around 0. 1C.
d.Intelligent CI control,with PMV within a range from 0 to 0.5,can provide superior performance over conventional set-point control in terms of human comfort and energy utilization.The former consumes less energy,over 17% less,compared with the conventional temperature and humidity control algorithms,and still achieves an overall saving of 2%~4% than the conventional set-point temperature control.
a．利用神经网络信息处理技术对热舒适性指标进行智能预测是可行的。
b．按照室内空气质量标准最小新鲜空气量30m~3／h·人进行送风，室内CO_2浓度能满足小于1000ppm的要求。在适合用CO_2浓度反映IAQ的环境中，采用CO_2需求控制通风能满足IAQ要求，而且节能。采用CO_2的需求控制通风比按实际人数×30m~3／h·人的新风量控制节能5％左右，比按12人×30m~3／h·人的新风量控制节能超过17％。
c．根据本文的空调系统模型，采用模糊控制技术对变频空调器分别进行传统设定温度和设定温湿度控制，基本上能满足舒适性要求。但用设定温湿度控制时，因为温度和相对湿度控制之间存在耦合效应，导致控制效果不如设定温度控制，后者的控制精度在0.1℃左右。
d．本文基于PMV的智能控制满足热舒适性0
The idea of using predicted mean vote(PMV), indicating human thermal comfort, and carbon dioxide(CO2) concentration, indicating occupancy and indoor air quality(IAQ), as control inputs to develop control strategies for a residence is proposed by varying inverter air-conditioner compressor frequencies, evaporator fan speeds, fresh air valve positions(or fresh air fan speeds), and the desk fan speeds respectively with PMV within a range from 0 to 0.5 and CO2 under lOOOppm. Computer simulations of thermal comfort and indoor air quality in a standard air-conditioned office compartment is conducted by modeling air conditioner system. At the same time, the analysis of energy consumption is carried out with CI control compared with the conventional temperature and relative humidity control and CO2-based DCV compared with the target per-person ventilation rates. In addition, the development of intelligent ANN-based PMV predictor are presented.
The conclusions can be drawn from the research as follows:
a. It is reliable to predict PMV by the use of Neural Network.
b.The target per-person ventilation rates of the minimum up to 30 steres per person per hour of the flow rate of fresh air in accordance with "Indoor Air Quality Standard" can assure CO2 under 1000ppm. However, CO2-based demand-controlled ventilation (CO2-based DCV) systems can keep an acceptable indoor air quality with a CO2 setpoint of 1000ppm, and energy can be conserved in the indoor spaces where CO2 is suitable
to reflect IAQ porformence. Fortunately, CO2-based DCV consumes 5% less than the strategy which acquires the flow rate by multiplying actual occupants by 30m3 per person per hour, and up to 17% less than the one which achieves the flow rate by multiplying 12 occupants by 30m3 per person per hour. Interestedly,the conventional set-point control algorithms comply with the same rule.
c. Thermal comfort can be maintained even with the conventional temperature and humidity control only if air-conditioner type, control strategy, and control algorithms are considered reasonably. The performace of the strategy concerning temperature and relative humidity simultaneously is inferior to the one concerning only temperature because of cross-coupling,and the later keeps precision around 0. 1C.
d.Intelligent CI control,with PMV within a range from 0 to 0.5,can provide superior performance over conventional set-point control in terms of human comfort and energy utilization.The former consumes less energy,over 17% less,compared with the conventional temperature and humidity control algorithms,and still achieves an overall saving of 2%~4% than the conventional set-point temperature control.
引文
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