气体传感器智能测试系统和便携式酒精检测仪的研究
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摘要
采用气体传感器阵列与模式识别技术的智能气体识别仪器在军事、食品工业和环境检测等方面具有广阔的应用前景，近几年已成为气体传感技术领域研究的热点。本文着重开展了作为电子鼻硬件平台的气体传感器阵列测试系统和便携式酒精检测仪的研究。
研制成功的气体传感器阵列智能测试系统由计算机实时控制，可以实现测试气体的自动进样和数据采集与处理，提高了测试的重复性和可靠性。系统包括自动进样装置、数据采集单元和PC机应用软件等部分。进样装置的核心是自行设计开发的新型流量控制仪，该仪器采用数字接口，可以以联机和脱机方式工作，能够同时快速准确地输出4路流量控制信号，对测试气体的流量和浓度进行设定。软件系统用VC编写，具有友好的使用界面，可以实时进行数据处理和显示，同时采用可编程控制的方式进行系统控制，能完成复杂的测试操作。另外，作为电子鼻的硬件平台，该系统可以用于电子鼻的模式识别算法及其它各种应用研究，它已经成功地应用于新型微结构传感器阵列和电子鼻的研究。
研制成功的便携式酒精气体检测仪具有低功耗、智能化的特点，采用电池供电，LCD显示和USB接口，操作方便。检测仪硬件由微结构金属氧化物气体传感器阵列、气体进样装置及高速SOC单片机为核心的信号处理电路组成。在硬件设计中，着重于低功耗电路的设计，采用低功率器件和省电管理模式，使整个系统的工作功率低于1.5W。软件方面针对模式识别的运算量大的问题，提出了单片机中特征提取和嵌入式BP神经网络算法，提高了单片机处理速度。该检测仪在有汽油、香水等干扰的酒精检测中取得了良好的效果。
The intelligent gas detect system, based on gas sensor array and pattern recognition technique has promising applications in military, food industry, environment inspection. And it has become the research focus of the gas sensing technology in the last few years. In this dissertation, the gas sensor array testing system and the portable alcohol detector were studied.
The gas sensor array testing system comprises the automated flow-injection apparatus, the data acquisition device and the PC software. Sample injection and data acquisition are realized automatically through real time PC control. Thereby it assures the reproducibility and reliability of testing. As the key of the sample injection, a digital control instrument of mass flow controller(MFC), which can work in online and offline mode, was designed. It can give 4 flow signals accurately at the same time. The concentration and flux of the sample gas can be set by the instrument software. The PC software with a friendly interface, written in VC++, can process and display data in real time. It controls the system through PLC (Programmable Logical Controller). Hence the system can realize some complex testing operations. In addition, as the hardware platform of electronic nose, the system can be used to develop researches such as pattern recognition algorithm and others. It has shown good performance in the studies of novel micro gas sensor array and electronic nose.
A portable intelligent alcohol detector was designed. The detector, with LCD display, USB interface and battery supply, shows good characteristics in its small size, low power consumption and high accuracy. The hardware of the detector consists of a metal oxide micro gas sensor array, gas sampling apparatus and a signal processing unit with high speed SOC microprocessor. The low power chips were used to insure that the whole system power is under 1.5W. A feature extraction and B-P neural networks algorithm embedded in the single chip processor were presented in order to avoid large amount of computation. The alcohol detector performs well against disturbance of gasoline and perfume.
研制成功的气体传感器阵列智能测试系统由计算机实时控制，可以实现测试气体的自动进样和数据采集与处理，提高了测试的重复性和可靠性。系统包括自动进样装置、数据采集单元和PC机应用软件等部分。进样装置的核心是自行设计开发的新型流量控制仪，该仪器采用数字接口，可以以联机和脱机方式工作，能够同时快速准确地输出4路流量控制信号，对测试气体的流量和浓度进行设定。软件系统用VC编写，具有友好的使用界面，可以实时进行数据处理和显示，同时采用可编程控制的方式进行系统控制，能完成复杂的测试操作。另外，作为电子鼻的硬件平台，该系统可以用于电子鼻的模式识别算法及其它各种应用研究，它已经成功地应用于新型微结构传感器阵列和电子鼻的研究。
研制成功的便携式酒精气体检测仪具有低功耗、智能化的特点，采用电池供电，LCD显示和USB接口，操作方便。检测仪硬件由微结构金属氧化物气体传感器阵列、气体进样装置及高速SOC单片机为核心的信号处理电路组成。在硬件设计中，着重于低功耗电路的设计，采用低功率器件和省电管理模式，使整个系统的工作功率低于1.5W。软件方面针对模式识别的运算量大的问题，提出了单片机中特征提取和嵌入式BP神经网络算法，提高了单片机处理速度。该检测仪在有汽油、香水等干扰的酒精检测中取得了良好的效果。
The intelligent gas detect system, based on gas sensor array and pattern recognition technique has promising applications in military, food industry, environment inspection. And it has become the research focus of the gas sensing technology in the last few years. In this dissertation, the gas sensor array testing system and the portable alcohol detector were studied.
The gas sensor array testing system comprises the automated flow-injection apparatus, the data acquisition device and the PC software. Sample injection and data acquisition are realized automatically through real time PC control. Thereby it assures the reproducibility and reliability of testing. As the key of the sample injection, a digital control instrument of mass flow controller(MFC), which can work in online and offline mode, was designed. It can give 4 flow signals accurately at the same time. The concentration and flux of the sample gas can be set by the instrument software. The PC software with a friendly interface, written in VC++, can process and display data in real time. It controls the system through PLC (Programmable Logical Controller). Hence the system can realize some complex testing operations. In addition, as the hardware platform of electronic nose, the system can be used to develop researches such as pattern recognition algorithm and others. It has shown good performance in the studies of novel micro gas sensor array and electronic nose.
A portable intelligent alcohol detector was designed. The detector, with LCD display, USB interface and battery supply, shows good characteristics in its small size, low power consumption and high accuracy. The hardware of the detector consists of a metal oxide micro gas sensor array, gas sampling apparatus and a signal processing unit with high speed SOC microprocessor. The low power chips were used to insure that the whole system power is under 1.5W. A feature extraction and B-P neural networks algorithm embedded in the single chip processor were presented in order to avoid large amount of computation. The alcohol detector performs well against disturbance of gasoline and perfume.
引文
1 金篆芷，现代传感技术，北京，电子工业出版社，1995
2 刘迎春，传感器原理、设计与应用(第三版)，北京，国防科技大学出版社，1997
3 徐毓龙，国外气敏传感器发展动向，传感器世界，1996，Vol．2，No．1：21-28．
4 I. Simon, N. Barsan, M. Bauer, et al. Micromachined metal oxide gas sensors: opportunities to improve sensor performance. Sensor and Actuators B, 2001, 73:1-26.
5 李建平，高晓光，朱敏慧，微结构气敏传感器热分析与结构设计，传感技术学报，2000，Vol．13，No．3
6 X. Wang, W. P. Carey and S. S. Yee, Monolithic thin-film metal-oxide gas-sensor arrays with application to monitoring of organic vapors, Sensors and Actuators, B28(1995) 63-70
7 Julian W. Garnder, Detection of vapours and odours from a multisensor array using Pattern recognition, Part 1. Principal Component and Cluster Analysis.[J]. Sensor and Actuators B, 1991, 4:109-115.
8 V. Demare, A. Grisel, Intergrated semiconductor gas sensors evaluation with an automatic test system. Sensor and Actuators B, 1990, 1:87-92.
9 M.C. Lonergan, et al. Array-Based Vapor Sensing Using Chemically Sensitive, Carbon Black-Polymer Resistors, Chem. Materials, 1996, 8:2298
10 王祁，传感器技术的新发展—智能传感器和多功能传感器，传感器技术，1998，第1期：56-58
11 M.A. Ryan, M. L. Homer, et al. Monitoring the Air Quality in a Closed chamber Using an Electronic Nose, Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Systems, Society of Automotive Engineers, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 1997.
12 S.V. Ryabtsev, A.V. Shaposhnick, A.N. Lukin, et al. Application of semiconductor gas sensors for medical diagnostics, Sensors and Actuators B, B59, 1999, 26-29
13 R. Andrew Russell, Survey of Robotic Application for Odor-Sensing Technology. The International Journal of Robotics Research. Vol.20, 2001, No.2:144-162
14 何芸，气敏元件特性自动测量系统，传感器技术，1994，(3)，30-32
15 Evor L.Hines, et al, An artificial neural emulator for an odour sensor array. Sensor and Actuators B, 1994, 18-19:661-664
16 Julian W. Garnder, et al. A multisensor system for beer flavour monitoring using an array of conducting polymers and predictive classfiers. Sensor and Actuators B, 18-19(1994) 240～243
17 Hassan Amrani, et al., An intelligent gas sensing system. Sensor and Actuators B, 44(1997) 512～516
18 E. Cavicchi, J. S. Suehle, K. G. Kreider, et al. Optimized temperature-pulse sequences for the enhancement of chemically specific response patterns from micro-hotplate gas sensors. Sensor and Actuators B, 1996, 33:142-146
19 高晓光，李建平等，Si基膜片型气敏传感器微结构单元的热学性能，微细加工技术，2002．3，1：50-53
20 David C. Dyer, Julian W. Gardner, High-precision intelligent interface for a hybrid electronic nose. Sensor and Actuators A, 1997 62:724-728
21 卞利萍，陆宇，杨霓原，微型电子鼻测量技术与仪器，分析仪器，1999，4：1-5
22 李人凤，国外智能多参数气体检测仪表评介，煤炭科学技术，1995，Vol．23，12
23 David C.Dyer, Julian W. Gardner, High-precision intelligent interface for a hybrid electronic nose. Sensor and Actuators A, 1997 62:724-728
24 潘琢金，施国君，C8051Fxxx高速SOC单片机原理及应用，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
25 周立功，PDIUSBD12 USB固件编程与驱动开发，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
26 王建校等，51系列单片机机C51程序设计，北京，科学出版社，2002
2 刘迎春，传感器原理、设计与应用(第三版)，北京，国防科技大学出版社，1997
3 徐毓龙，国外气敏传感器发展动向，传感器世界，1996，Vol．2，No．1：21-28．
4 I. Simon, N. Barsan, M. Bauer, et al. Micromachined metal oxide gas sensors: opportunities to improve sensor performance. Sensor and Actuators B, 2001, 73:1-26.
5 李建平，高晓光，朱敏慧，微结构气敏传感器热分析与结构设计，传感技术学报，2000，Vol．13，No．3
6 X. Wang, W. P. Carey and S. S. Yee, Monolithic thin-film metal-oxide gas-sensor arrays with application to monitoring of organic vapors, Sensors and Actuators, B28(1995) 63-70
7 Julian W. Garnder, Detection of vapours and odours from a multisensor array using Pattern recognition, Part 1. Principal Component and Cluster Analysis.[J]. Sensor and Actuators B, 1991, 4:109-115.
8 V. Demare, A. Grisel, Intergrated semiconductor gas sensors evaluation with an automatic test system. Sensor and Actuators B, 1990, 1:87-92.
9 M.C. Lonergan, et al. Array-Based Vapor Sensing Using Chemically Sensitive, Carbon Black-Polymer Resistors, Chem. Materials, 1996, 8:2298
10 王祁，传感器技术的新发展—智能传感器和多功能传感器，传感器技术，1998，第1期：56-58
11 M.A. Ryan, M. L. Homer, et al. Monitoring the Air Quality in a Closed chamber Using an Electronic Nose, Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Systems, Society of Automotive Engineers, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 1997.
12 S.V. Ryabtsev, A.V. Shaposhnick, A.N. Lukin, et al. Application of semiconductor gas sensors for medical diagnostics, Sensors and Actuators B, B59, 1999, 26-29
13 R. Andrew Russell, Survey of Robotic Application for Odor-Sensing Technology. The International Journal of Robotics Research. Vol.20, 2001, No.2:144-162
14 何芸，气敏元件特性自动测量系统，传感器技术，1994，(3)，30-32
15 Evor L.Hines, et al, An artificial neural emulator for an odour sensor array. Sensor and Actuators B, 1994, 18-19:661-664
16 Julian W. Garnder, et al. A multisensor system for beer flavour monitoring using an array of conducting polymers and predictive classfiers. Sensor and Actuators B, 18-19(1994) 240～243
17 Hassan Amrani, et al., An intelligent gas sensing system. Sensor and Actuators B, 44(1997) 512～516
18 E. Cavicchi, J. S. Suehle, K. G. Kreider, et al. Optimized temperature-pulse sequences for the enhancement of chemically specific response patterns from micro-hotplate gas sensors. Sensor and Actuators B, 1996, 33:142-146
19 高晓光，李建平等，Si基膜片型气敏传感器微结构单元的热学性能，微细加工技术，2002．3，1：50-53
20 David C. Dyer, Julian W. Gardner, High-precision intelligent interface for a hybrid electronic nose. Sensor and Actuators A, 1997 62:724-728
21 卞利萍，陆宇，杨霓原，微型电子鼻测量技术与仪器，分析仪器，1999，4：1-5
22 李人凤，国外智能多参数气体检测仪表评介，煤炭科学技术，1995，Vol．23，12
23 David C.Dyer, Julian W. Gardner, High-precision intelligent interface for a hybrid electronic nose. Sensor and Actuators A, 1997 62:724-728
24 潘琢金，施国君，C8051Fxxx高速SOC单片机原理及应用，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
25 周立功，PDIUSBD12 USB固件编程与驱动开发，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
26 王建校等，51系列单片机机C51程序设计，北京，科学出版社，2002