源于大学校园的创业研究
|
摘要
“大学创业”正在成为一个越来越热门的现象,大学在创新价值链中的角色已经从原先仅提供知识、技术和人才,拓展到能够影响创业者意愿、塑造创业环境、提升创业能力,甚至大学进一步开始显现出促进技术商业化、激发人才潜质的巨大能力；同时,伴随着当下学区与社区日趋紧密的融合,以大学为核心的创业氛围、理念及创业知识辐射逐步形成,大学也逐渐成为帮助创业人才和资源有效集聚的重要平台。但是在大学创业日益向荣的背后,一方面创业意愿与创业实施的脱节问题对如何真正发挥创业的社会效益提出了新的挑战,另一方面初创企业的成功率与经营绩效过低也严重影响创业意愿与创业实施。故本文以与复旦大学相关的创业行为为研究对象,运用定性与定量相结合的研究方法,对大学影响初创企业的因素和过程进行考察,在文献及理论的基础上,经过逻辑推论,提出大学相关要素影响创业意愿及实施的研究框架与模型。
首先,论文以对现有的国内外大学创业领域相关文献和理论综述为切入点,在此基础上梳理复旦大学创业大事记,并结合复旦大学扶持创业活动的做法和效果,分析得到复旦大学创业历史中所表现出的内、外部变化：外部变化包括技术加速变革为大学创业带来契机,并促使互动交流的形式与渠道发生改变；而内部则是从学校创业氛围的积极营造与培养创业能力的方式变化出发,总结它们的特点及变化趋势,并对其“表象”背后的驱动因素进行深层挖掘,发现大学可能主要通过校史校风、学校使命、学科体系建设、育人理念以及网络与社区几个方面在影响创业者。同时基于克鲁格的创业潜能模型,尝试性的提出了大学创业的模型分析框架及其假设。
随后,论文使用案例分析、比较研究、调查研究和结构方程模型等规范的研究方法,对大学影响创业行为的模式及重要的作用因素进行了深入的探讨与分析。论文选取了具备时间跨度的五个复旦大学典型创业案例,通过对案例本身的深入剖析及案例间的研究比较验证了前文所提的大学创业相关假设；同时通过研究,本文也发现大学影响创业的方式具有鲜明的时代特征。之后,论文在前文案例研究的基础之上,再以新时期社会环境为背景,采用问卷调查的形式,运用定量的实证方法,通过详细的数据分析进一步验证了大学相关因素影响创业实施的模型及其假设,得到了具体的研究结论：校史校风对创业意愿有正向作用,创新创业教育、网络与学区、社区互动对创业潜能存在显著的正向作用,在识别创业机遇的前提下,创业意愿与潜能共同作用影响创业绩效。
最后,论文综合上述研究成果,对大学如何以更有效的方式和渠道促进创业实施与提高创业成功率提供了一些切实的建议,并给出了今后继续进一步研究的方向。
"Universities'entrepreneurship" is becoming an increasingly popular phenomenon these days. The role of universities in entrepreneurial value chain starts to extend to the core position, changing from simply offering knowledge, technique and talents to influencing entrepreneurial ideas, creating entrepreneurial environment and improving entrepreneurial ability, and even revealing the ability to industrialize technology and commercialize talents. Universities are growing closer to society day by day, forming entrepreneurial atmosphere, idea and knowledge radiation based on university-nuclear. And university has now become an important stage to gather talents and related resources. However, despite the popularity of enterprising in universities, the disjunction of entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial action challenges us on how to utilize the social effect of entrepreneurship. The success rate and the performance of start-ups are usually low as well. Under this circumstance, we took Fudan University as a study object and investigated the elements and procedure through which universities influences entrepreneurship, combining the qualitative with quantitative method in the research. Based on relevant documents, theory and models, this paper eventually comes up with a "Fudan model" of different factors' impacts on entrepreneurship, from the prospective of a certain university.
Firstly, with a systematical summarization of similar research at home and abroad, combining entrepreneurial environment theory, entrepreneurial intention and idea, entrepreneurial potential model etc., we listed out the entrepreneurial memorabilia of Fudan University, combining with the actual situation in the development of the entrepreneurship in Fudan. With further analysis, we attribute the changing trends into the increasingly-rapid technology progress, the change in the entrepreneurial atmosphere, also the change in the entrepreneurial training, and the transformation of the interaction form and method. We analyzed their characteristics and changing trends and excavate the motive behind the phenomenon, concluding that a university influence entrepreneurs through its history, spirit, mission, academic structure of the school, education concept and the society and network. At the same time, based on Krueger's Entrepreneurial Potential Model, we try to bring out an initial assumption and frame of the analysis model.
In the afterward research, we used various normative methods, such as case analysis, investigation research and comparative study, to discuss the university entrepreneurial model and its main influence factor.we selected five typical cases of Fudan's entrepreneurship within a span of time, we verified the initial frame issued before by examining and comparing these cases and their features; we also found that the way universities influenced entrepreneurial action has a clear time characteristics. Then based on the previous case study, taking the social environment in the new era as the background, we used questionnaire survey and quantitative empirical study method and analyzed the data, confirming the model and its assumption. We came to the conclusion that universities'history and spirit has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions; entrepreneurial education, interactive network and community has a distinct effect on entrepreneurial potential; entrepreneurial intention and potential both influence entrepreneurial performance under the precondition that entrepreneurial opportunity is recognized.
At last, we synthesized the research conclusion, gave out several suggestions to universities on how to promote the success of venture more effectively and set the direction for the further research.
首先,论文以对现有的国内外大学创业领域相关文献和理论综述为切入点,在此基础上梳理复旦大学创业大事记,并结合复旦大学扶持创业活动的做法和效果,分析得到复旦大学创业历史中所表现出的内、外部变化：外部变化包括技术加速变革为大学创业带来契机,并促使互动交流的形式与渠道发生改变；而内部则是从学校创业氛围的积极营造与培养创业能力的方式变化出发,总结它们的特点及变化趋势,并对其“表象”背后的驱动因素进行深层挖掘,发现大学可能主要通过校史校风、学校使命、学科体系建设、育人理念以及网络与社区几个方面在影响创业者。同时基于克鲁格的创业潜能模型,尝试性的提出了大学创业的模型分析框架及其假设。
随后,论文使用案例分析、比较研究、调查研究和结构方程模型等规范的研究方法,对大学影响创业行为的模式及重要的作用因素进行了深入的探讨与分析。论文选取了具备时间跨度的五个复旦大学典型创业案例,通过对案例本身的深入剖析及案例间的研究比较验证了前文所提的大学创业相关假设；同时通过研究,本文也发现大学影响创业的方式具有鲜明的时代特征。之后,论文在前文案例研究的基础之上,再以新时期社会环境为背景,采用问卷调查的形式,运用定量的实证方法,通过详细的数据分析进一步验证了大学相关因素影响创业实施的模型及其假设,得到了具体的研究结论：校史校风对创业意愿有正向作用,创新创业教育、网络与学区、社区互动对创业潜能存在显著的正向作用,在识别创业机遇的前提下,创业意愿与潜能共同作用影响创业绩效。
最后,论文综合上述研究成果,对大学如何以更有效的方式和渠道促进创业实施与提高创业成功率提供了一些切实的建议,并给出了今后继续进一步研究的方向。
"Universities'entrepreneurship" is becoming an increasingly popular phenomenon these days. The role of universities in entrepreneurial value chain starts to extend to the core position, changing from simply offering knowledge, technique and talents to influencing entrepreneurial ideas, creating entrepreneurial environment and improving entrepreneurial ability, and even revealing the ability to industrialize technology and commercialize talents. Universities are growing closer to society day by day, forming entrepreneurial atmosphere, idea and knowledge radiation based on university-nuclear. And university has now become an important stage to gather talents and related resources. However, despite the popularity of enterprising in universities, the disjunction of entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial action challenges us on how to utilize the social effect of entrepreneurship. The success rate and the performance of start-ups are usually low as well. Under this circumstance, we took Fudan University as a study object and investigated the elements and procedure through which universities influences entrepreneurship, combining the qualitative with quantitative method in the research. Based on relevant documents, theory and models, this paper eventually comes up with a "Fudan model" of different factors' impacts on entrepreneurship, from the prospective of a certain university.
Firstly, with a systematical summarization of similar research at home and abroad, combining entrepreneurial environment theory, entrepreneurial intention and idea, entrepreneurial potential model etc., we listed out the entrepreneurial memorabilia of Fudan University, combining with the actual situation in the development of the entrepreneurship in Fudan. With further analysis, we attribute the changing trends into the increasingly-rapid technology progress, the change in the entrepreneurial atmosphere, also the change in the entrepreneurial training, and the transformation of the interaction form and method. We analyzed their characteristics and changing trends and excavate the motive behind the phenomenon, concluding that a university influence entrepreneurs through its history, spirit, mission, academic structure of the school, education concept and the society and network. At the same time, based on Krueger's Entrepreneurial Potential Model, we try to bring out an initial assumption and frame of the analysis model.
In the afterward research, we used various normative methods, such as case analysis, investigation research and comparative study, to discuss the university entrepreneurial model and its main influence factor.we selected five typical cases of Fudan's entrepreneurship within a span of time, we verified the initial frame issued before by examining and comparing these cases and their features; we also found that the way universities influenced entrepreneurial action has a clear time characteristics. Then based on the previous case study, taking the social environment in the new era as the background, we used questionnaire survey and quantitative empirical study method and analyzed the data, confirming the model and its assumption. We came to the conclusion that universities'history and spirit has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions; entrepreneurial education, interactive network and community has a distinct effect on entrepreneurial potential; entrepreneurial intention and potential both influence entrepreneurial performance under the precondition that entrepreneurial opportunity is recognized.
At last, we synthesized the research conclusion, gave out several suggestions to universities on how to promote the success of venture more effectively and set the direction for the further research.
引文
[1]Icek Ajzen. The theory of planned behavior[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1991,50 (2):179-211
[2]Sharon A. Alvarez, W. Busenitz Lowell. The entrepreneurship of resource-basedtheory[J]. Journal of Management,2001,27 (6):755-775
[3]Catherine Armington, Zoltan J. Acs. The Determinants of Regional Variation in New Firm Formation[J]. Regional Studies,2002,36 (1):33-45
[4]Rosemary Athayde. Measuring Enterprise Potential in Young People[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,2009,33 (2):481-500
[5]David B. Audretsch, E. Lehmann Erik. Do University policies make adifference?[J]. Research Policy,2005,34 (3):343-347
[6]Howard Van Auken, Fred L. Fry, Paul Stephens. The influence of role models on entrepreneurial intentions [J]. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship,2006,11 (02):157-167
[7]Erkko Autio, Robert H. Keeley, Magnus Klofstenet al. Entrepreneurial Intent among Students in Scandinavia and in the USA[J]. Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies,2001,2 (2):145-160
[8]ROTTER J. B. Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement [J]. Psychological Monograph,1966,80 (1):1-28
[9]William Bains. How academics can make (extra) money out of their science[J]. Journal of Commercial Biotechnology,2005,11 (4):353-363
[10]Thomas M. Begley, David P. Boyd. Psychological Characteristics Associated with Performance in Entrepreneurial Firms and Smaller Businesses [J]. Journal of Business Venturing,1987,2 (1):79
[11]Janet Bercovitz, Maryann Feldman. Academic Entrepreneurs:Organizational Change at the Individual Level [J]. Organization Science,2008,19 (1):69-89
[12]Barbara Bird. Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas:The Case for Intention[J]. Academy of Management Review,1988,13 (3):442-453
[13]Barbara Bird, Candida Brush. A Gendered Perspective on Organizational Creation[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,2002,26 (3):41-65
[14]Nancy G. Boyd, George S. Vozikis. The Influence of Self-Efficacy on the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions [J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1994,18 (4):63-77
[15]Alan Carsrud, Malin Brannback. Entrepreneurial Motivations:What Do We Still Need to Know?[J]. Journal of Small Business Management,2011,49 (1):9-26
[16]Claes M. Cassel, Peter Hackl. On measurement of intangible assets:a study of robustness of partial least squares.[J]. Total Quality Management,2000,11 (7):S897
[17]Pierre Chandon, Brian Wansink, Gilles Laurent. A Benefit Congruency Framework of Sales Promotion Effectiveness[J]. The Journal of Marketing,2000,64 (4):65-81
[18]James J. Chrisman, Timothy Hynes, Shelby Fraser. Faculty entrepreneurship and economic development:The case of the University of Calgary [J]. Journal of Business Venturing,1995,10 (4):267-281
[19]Burton R. Clark. Sustaining change in universities:Continuities in case studies and concepts [J]. Tertiary Education and Management,2003,9(2):99-116
[20]Massimo G. Colombo, Delmastro Marco. How effective are technology incubators? Evidence from Italy [J]. Research Policy,2002,31 (7):1103-1122
[21]Karel Cool, Ingemar Dierickx, David Jemison. Business strategy, market structure and risk-return relationships:A structural approach[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1989,10 (6):507-522
[22]Arnold C. Cooper. Spin-offs and Technical Entrepreneurship [J]. Transactions on Engineering Management,1971,6 (2)
[23]J. Michael Crant. The Proactive Personality Scale as a Predictor of Entrepreneurial Intentions[J]. Journal of Small Business Management,1996,34 (3) 42-49
[24]J. Barton Cunningham, Joe Lischeron. Defining Entrepreneurship [J]. Journal of Small Business Management,1991,29 (1):45-61
[25]B. Dante Di Gregorioa, Shanea Scott. Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others?[J]. Research Policy,2003,32 (2):209-227
[26]John L. Davies. The Entrepreneurial and Adaptive University. Report of the Second U.S. Study Visit[J]. International Journal of Institutional Management in Higher Education,1987,11 (1):12-104
[27]John Day, Aftab Ahmed Dean, Paul L. Reynolds. Relationship marketing:Its key role in entrepreneurship[J]. Long Range Planning,1998,31 (6):828-837
[28]Devon DelVecchio, David H. Henard, Traci H. Freling. The effect of sales promotion on post-promotion brand preference:A meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Retailing,2006,82 (3):203-213
[29]Marc J. Dollinger. Entrepreneurship:Strategies and Resources[M]:Prentice Hall, 1999
[30]Evan J. Douglas, Jason R. Fitzsimmons. Individual Intentions Towards Entrepreneurship vs Intrapreneurship[A]. In:L. Murray Gillin.Melbourne, Australia: Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship (AGSE), Swinburne University of Technology,2008:937-951
[31]Evan J. Douglas, Dean A. Shepherd. Self-employment as a Career Choice: Attitudes, Entrepreneurial Intentions, and Utility Maximization[J]. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice,2002,26 (3):81-90
[32]J. Doutriaux. Emerging high-tech firms:How durable are their comparative start-up advantages?[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,1992,7(4):303-322
[33]M. Drnovsek, T. Erikson. Competing Models of Entrepreneurial Intentions[J]. Economic and Business Review for Central and South-Eastern Europe,2005,7(1): 55-71
[34]K. Eisenhardt. Making fast strategic decisions in high-velocity environments [J]. Academy of Management Journal,1989,32 (3):543-576
[35]Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Building Theories from Case Study Research[J]. Academy of Management Review,1989,14 (4):532-550
[36]Henry Etzkowitz. Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in American academic science[J]. Minerva,1983,21 (2):198-233
[37]Henry Etzkowitza, Websterb Andrew, Gebhardtc Christianeet al. The future of the university and the university of the future:evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm[J]. Research Policy,2000,29 (2):313-330
[38]Bernard Surlemont Frederic Nlemvo. Fabrice Pirnay. Toward a typology of university spin-offs[J]. Small Business Economics,2003:355-369
[39]A. Flahvin. Why Small Businesses Fail?[J]. Credit Union Magazine,2005,71(7): 14-15
[40]Deborah H. Francis, William R. Sandberg. Friendship Within Entrepreneurial Teams and its Association with Team and Venture Performance [J]. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice,2000,25 (2):5-25
[41]Hermann Frank, Manfred Lueger, Christian Korunka. The significance of personality in business start-up intentions, start-up realization and business success[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development,2007,19 (3):227-251
[42]William B. Gartner. "Who is an Entrepreneur?" Is the Wrong Question[J]. American Journal of Small Business,1988,12 (4):11-32
[43]William B. Gartner. Some Suggestions for Research on Entrepreneurial Traits and Characteristics[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1989,14 (1):27-37
[44]Wilson Gee. Social science research methods[M]:Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1950
[45]Aldo GEUNA. The Economics of Knowledge Production--Funding and the Structure of University Research [J]. Organization Studies,2001,22 (2):384
[46]Devi R. Gnyawali, Daniel S. Fogel. Environments for Entrepreneurship Development:Key Dimensions and Research Implications[J]. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice,1994,18 (4):43-62
[47]Harman Grant, Harman Kay. Governments and universities as the main drivers of enhanced Australian University research commercialisation capability [J]. Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management,2004,26 (2):153-169
[48]Heike Grimm. Do Public Information and Subsidies Contribute to the Entrepreneurial Environment? An Exploratory Transatlantic Study with Local-Global Perspectives [J]. International Journal of Public Administration,2006,29 (13) 1167-1193
[49]Sunil Gupta. Impact of Sales Promotions on When, What, and How Much to Buy[J]. Journal of Marketing Research,1988,25 (4):342-355
[50]Vishal K. Guptaa, B. Turbanb Daniel, M. Bhawec Nachiket. The Effect of Gender Stereotype Activation on Entrepreneurial Intentions [J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,2008,93 (5):1053-1061
[51]Yonca Gurol, Nuray Atsan. Entrepreneurial Characteristics amongst University Students:Some Insights for Entrepreneurship Education and Training in Turkey[J]. Education & Training,2006,48 (1):25-38
[52]W. H., Lindsay Percival-Straunik. Celebrating 25 years in business[J]. Director, 1998,51 (12):22
[53]Etzkowitz Henry. The norms of entrepreneurial science:cognitive effects of the new university-industry linkages[J]. Research Policy,1998,27 (8):823-833
[54]Etzkowitz Henry. The Second Academic Revolution:MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science[M]:Gordon and Breach,2002
[55]Robert D. Hisrich. Entrepreneurship/Intrapreneurship[J]. American Psychologist, 1990,45 (2):209-222
[56]Julie M. Hite. Patterns of Multidimensionality among Embedded Network Ties: A Typology of Relational Embeddedness in Emerging Entrepreneurial Firms [J]. Strategic Organization,2003,1 (1):9-49
[57]Keith M. Hmieleski, Andrew C. Corbett. Proclivity for Improvisation as a Predictor of Entrepreneurial Intentions[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 2006,44 (1):45-63
[58]John Hulland, Yiu Ho Chow, Shunyin Lam. Use of causal models in marketing research:A review[J]. International Journal of Research in Marketing,1996,13 (2) 181-197
[59]Ajzen Icek. Attitudes, Traits, and Actions:Dispositional Prediction of Behavior in Personality and Social Psychology[J]. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology,1987,20:1-63
[60]Sarah L. Jack, Alistair R. Anderson. The effects of embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2002,17 (5):467-487
[61]Sarah Jack, Sarah Drakopoulou Dodd, Alistair R. Anderson. Change and the development of entrepreneurial networks over time:a processual perspective[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development,2008,20 (2):125-159
[62]Sarah Jack, Susan Moult, Alistair R. Andersonet al. An entrepreneurial network evolving:Patterns of change[J]. International Small Business Journal,2010,28 (4) 315-337
[63]Bernard J. Jaworski, Ajay K. Kohli. Market Orientation:Antecedents and Consequences [J]. The Journal of Marketing,1993,57 (3):53-70
[64]Johny K. Johansson, George S. Yip. Exploiting globalization potential:U.S. and Japanese strategies [J]. Strategic Management Journal,1994,15 (8):579-601
[65]Norris F. Krueger JRa, D. Reillyb Michael, L. Carsrudc Alan. Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions [J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2000,15 (5-6) 411-432
[66]NORBERT KAILER. Entrepreneurship education:empirical findings and proposals for the design of entrepreneurship education concepts at universities in german-speaking countries[J]. Journal of Enterprising Culture,2009,17 (2):201-231
[67]Arturs Kalnins, Wilbur Chung. Social Capital, Geography, and Survival:Gujarati Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the U.S. Lodging Industry[J]. Management Science,2006, 52 (2):233-247
[68]Jerome A. Katz. A Psychosocial Cognitive Model of Employment Status Choice[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1992,17 (1):29-37
[69]Magnus Klofsten, Dylan Jones-Evans. Comparing Academic Entrepreneurship in Europe-The Case of Sweden and Ireland[J]. Small Business Economics,2000,14 (4):299-309
[70]L. Kolvereid. Organisational employment versus self employment:reasons for career choice intentions[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1996,20 (3):23-31
[71]Norris F. Krueger Jr., Deborah V. Brazeal. Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs [J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1994,18(3):91-104
[72]Norris F. Krueger, Alan L. Carsrud. Entrepreneurial intentions:Applying the theory of planned behaviour[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development,1993,5 (4):315-330
[73]Donald R. Lichtenstein, Scot Burton. An Examination of Deal Proneness Across Sales Promotion Types:A Consumer Segmentation Perspective.[J]. Journal of Retailing,1997,73 (2):283-297
[74]Francisco Linan, Yi-Wen Chen. Development and Cross-Cultural Application of a Specific Instrument to Measure Entrepreneurial Intentions [J]. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice,2009,33 (3):593-617
[75]Francisco Linan, Francisco Santos. Does Social Capital Affect Entrepreneurial Intentions?[J]. International Advances in Economic Research,2007,13 (4):443-453
[76]Christian Liithje, Nikolaus Franke. the 'making' of an entrepreneur:testing a model of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students at MIT[J]. R&D Management,2003,33 (2):135-147
[77]Naresh K. Malhotra, J. Daniel McCort. A cross-cultural comparison of behavioral intention models-Theoretical consideration and an empirical investigation[J]. International Marketing Review,2001,18 (3):235-269
[78]Tatiana S. Manolova, Aimin Yan. Institutional Constraints and Entrepreneurial Responses in a Transforming Economy[J]. International Small Business Journal,2002, 20 (2):163
[79]Gideon D. Markman, Peter T. Gianiodis, Phillip H. Phanet al. Entrepreneurship from the Ivory Tower:Do Incentive Systems Matter?[J]. The Journal of Technology Transfer,2004,29 (3):353-364
[80]Richard L. McCline, Subodh Bhat, Pam Baj. Opportunity Recognition:An Exploratory Investigation of a Component of the Entrepreneurial Process in the Context of the Health Care Industry[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,2000, 25 (2):81-94
[81]D. H. And J. McQueen. Spin-off Companies from Chalmers University of Technology[J]. Technovation,1982:305-315
[82]Sarfraz Mian. Are university technology incubators providing a milieu for technology-based entrepreneurship?[J]. Technology Management,1994,1(3):86-93
[83]Frances J. Milliken. Three Types of Perceived Uncertainty about the Environment:State, Effect, and Response Uncertainty [J]. Academy of Management Review,1987,12 (1):133-143
[84]Ka Ho Mok. Fostering entrepreneurship:Changing role of government and higher education governance in Hong Kong[J]. Research Policy,2005,34 (4): 537-554
[85]Neil A. Morgan, Douglas W. Vorhies, Charlotte H. Mason. Market orientation, marketing capabilities, and firm performance [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2009, 30 (8):909-920
[86]Everett M. Regores Kristen Morten S. spin-offs from research centers at a research university [J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2000:93-111
[87]Stephen L. Mueller, Anisya S. Thomas. Culture and entrepreneurial potential:A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2001,16 (1):51-75
[88]Rory O'Shea, Thomas J. Allen, Colm O'Gormanet al. Universities and Technology Transfer:A Review of Academic Entrepreneurship Literature [J]. Irish Journal of Management,2004,25 (2):11-29
[89]Mike W. Peng, Yasuhiro Yamakawa, Seung-Hyun Lee. Bankruptcy Laws and Entrepreneur-Friendliness [J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,2010,34 (3) 517-530
[90]Chad Perry. After Further Sightings of the Heffalump[J]. Journal of Managerial Psychology,1990,5 (2):22-31
[91]S. P. Premaratne. Networks, Resources, and Small Business Growth:The Experience in Sri Lanka[J]. Journal of Small Business Management,2001,39 (4) 363-371
[92]Peter B. Robinson, David V. Stimpson, Jonathan C. Huefneret al. An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship [J]. Entrepreneurship theory and practice,1991,15 (4):13-32
[93]Frank T. Rothaermel, Shanti D. Agung, Lin Jiang. University entrepreneurship:a taxonomy of the literature[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change,2007,16(4) 691-791
[94]Jamal Roudaki. University Students Perceptions on Entrepreneurship:Commerce Students Attitudes at Lincoln University [J]. Journal of Accounting, Business & Management,2009,16 (2):36-53
[95]Mian Sarfraz A. US university-sponsored technology incubators:an overview of management, policies and performance [J]. Technovation,1994,14 (8):515-528
[96]Joseph Alois Schumpeter. The theory of economic development:an inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle[M]:Transaction Publishers, 1934
[97]A. Scott Shane, A. Lockea Edwin, J. Collinsb Christopher. Entrepreneurial motivation[J]. Human Resource Management Review,2003,13 (2):257-279
[98]Lee Seung-Hyun, Mike W. Peng, Jay B. Barney. Bankruptcy law and entrepreneurship development:a real options perspective[J]. Academy of Management Review,2007,32 (1):257-272
[99]Scott Shane, S. Venkataraman. The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research[J]. Academy of Management Review,2000,25 (1):217-226
[100]Scott Shane, S. Venkataraman. The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research[J]. Academy of Management Review,2000,25 (1):217-226
[101]Kelly G. Shaver, Linda R. Scott. Person, Process, Choice:The Psychology of New Venture Creation Kelly G. Shaver [J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1991, 16 (2):23-45
[102]Vangelis Souitaris, Stefania Zerbinati, Andreas Al-Laham. Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2007, 22 (4):566-591
[103]Jennifer W. Spencer, Thomas P. Murtha, Stefanie Ann Lenway. How governments matter to new industry creation[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2005,30 (2):321-337
[104]Michael P. Steiner, Olaf Solem. Factors for success in small manufacturing firms[J]. Journal of Small Business Management,1988,26 (1):51-56
[105]Yongjun Sung, Spencer F. Tinkham. Brand Personality Structures in the United States and Korea:Common and Culture-Specific Factors.[J]. Journal of Consumer Psychology (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates),2005,15 (4):334-350
[106]Edmund R. Thompson. Individual Entrepreneurial Intent:Construct Clarification and Development of an Internationally Reliable Metric[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,2009,33 (3):669-694
[107]Jeffry A. Timmons, Stephen Spinelli. New venture creation:entrepreneurship for the 21st century[M]:McGraw-Hill/Irwin,2004
[108]Bart Van Looy, Rangaa Marina, Callaert Julieet al. Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia:towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew-effect?[J]. Research Policy,2004,33 (3):425-441
[109]Jose Ma Veciana, Marines Aponte, David Urbano. University Students' Attitudes Towards Entrepreneurship:A Two Countries Comparison[J]. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,2005,1:165-182
[110]Urve Venesaar, Ene Kolbre, Toomas Piliste. Students'Attitudes and Intentions toward Entrepreneurship at Tallinn University of Technology[J]. Published in Working Papers in Economics,School of Economics and Business Administration,Tallinn University of Technology (TUTWPE),2006:97-114
[111]William B. Waistad, Marilyn L. Kourilsky. Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Knowledge of Black Youth[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1998,23 (2) 5-18
[112]Clement K. Wang, Wong Poh-Kam. Entrepreneurial interest of university students in Singapore[J]. Technovation,2004,24 (2):163-172
[113]Friederike Welter, David Smallbone. Institutional Perspectives on Entrepreneurial Behavior in Challenging Environments [J]. Journal of Small Business Management,2011,49 (1):107-125
[114]Wim Wiewel, Albert Hunter. The Interorganizational Network As a Resource: A Comparative Case Study on Organizational Genesis[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1985,30 (4):482-496
[115]Fiona Wilson, Jill Kickul, Deborah Marlinoet al. An analysis of the role of gender and self-efficacy in developing female entrepreneurial interest and behaviors[J]. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship,2009,14 (02):105-119
[116]Peter Witt. Entrepreneurs'networks and the success of start-ups [J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development,2004,16 (5):391-412
[117]Peter Witt, Andreas Schroeter, Christin Merz. Entrepreneurial resource acquisition via personal networks:an empirical study of German start-ups [J]. Service Industries Journal,2008,28 (7/8):953-971
[118]S. Wold, A. Ruhe, H. Woldet al. The Collinearity Problem in Linear Regression. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) Approach to Generalized Inverses[J]. SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing,1984,5(3):735-743
[119]Mike Wright, Sue Birley, Simon Mosey. Entrepreneurship and University Technology Transfer[J]. The Journal of Technology Transfer,2004,29 (3):235-246
[120]Robert K. Yin. Case study research:design and methods[M]:Sage Publications, 2003
[121]Attahir Yusuf. Critical success factors for small business:perceptions of south pacific entrepreneurs[J]. Journal of Small Business Management,1995,33 (2):68-73
[122]Zahariah Mohd Zain, Amalina Mohd Akram, Erlane K. Ghani. Entrepreneurship Intention Among Malaysian Business Students [J]. Canadian Social Science,2010,6 (3):34-44
[123]Mark P. Zanna. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology[M]:Academic Press,1987
[124]Alina M. Zapalska, Helen Dabb, Geoff Perry. Environmental Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Activities:Indigenous Maori Entrepreneurs of New Zealand[J]. Asia Pacific Business Review,2003,10 (2):160-177
[125]Junfu Zhang. Why do some US universities generate more venture-backed academic entrepreneurs than others?[J]. Venture Capital,2009,11 (2):133-162
[126]Hao Zhao, E. Seibert Scott, E. Hills Gerald. The MediatingRole of Self-Efficacy in the Development of EntrepreneurialIntentions[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2005,90 (6):1265-1272
[127]蔡翔,刘晓正,谌婷.基于双螺旋结构的创业机会识别模型构建[J].企业活力,2010(11)：87-91
[128]陈俊娄,成武.解读美日研究型大学衍生企业及对我国的启示[J].科学学研究,2005(增刊)
[129]陈钦约.基于社会网络的企业家创业能力和创业绩效研究[D]：南开大学,2010
[130]陈若愚.探究徐州民营小企业创业团队分裂的因素和对策[J].中国商贸,2009(19)：184-185
[131]陈巍.创业者个体因素对创业倾向的影响：感知环境宽松性的中介作用[D]：吉林大学,2010
[132]陈忠卫,曹薇.创业环境与创业活动关系的研究视角及其进展[J].科技 进步与对策,2009,26(18)：156-160
[133]程智辉.创业意愿归因研究[D]：武汉大学,2010
[134]池仁勇,朱非白.城市创业环境指数研究——基于长江三角洲实证[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(9)：110-114
[135]段存广,高国武.基于大学功能演进的大学生创业研究[J].中国高校科技与产业化,2009(10)：38-41
[136]范晓清,王皓白,钱辉.大学创业动态孵化模式探析[J].高等工程教育研究,2011(03)：64-66
[137]高树仁.基于三螺旋模式的大学知识创新理论研究[D]：大连理工大学,2008
[138]郭洪,毛雨,白璇等.大学创业教育对学生创业意愿的影响研究[J].软科学,2009,23(9)：69-74
[139]郭元源,陈瑶瑶,池仁勇.城市创业环境评价方法研究及实证[J].科技进步与对策,2006,23(2)：141-145
[140]何婷英,张丽萍.大学生创业意识的调查与研究——以温州高校大学生为例[J].中国青年研究,2007(1)：45-48
[141]胡春光,黄文彬.创业型大学的组织转型及其启示[J].北京教育(高教版),2005(7)：15-17
[142]胡小东,曹麒麟.基于就业视角的大学生创业教育研究[J].西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2008(3)：69-72
[143]黄勇,丁忠利.大学生创业意愿的调查与分析[J].安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版),2009,26(3)：143-144,147
[144]嵇安奕,李华昌,李华晶.基于价值创新逻辑的创业范式与理论融合探析[J].中国科技信息,2009(5)：154-155
[145]姜红玲,王重鸣,倪宁.基于因子分析的创业特质探索研究[J].心理科学,2006,29(4)：919-921
[146]李国军.企业家创业精神的结构和效应机制：人与创业匹配的视角[D]：浙江大学,2007
[147]李海燕.创新创业教育环境氛围营造[J].中小企业管理与科技,2011(1)：154-155
[148]李慧.基于复杂网络的复杂项目管理研究框架[J].科技进步与对策,2008(11)
[149]李俊.大学生创业意愿的调查与分析——以上海1256名大学生为样本[J].现代大学教育,2008(6)：96-101
[150]李坤,王建.创业精神的地域文化分析——兼论南京地域文化对南京市民创业活动的影响[J].南京社会科学,2005(S1)：396-403
[151]李世超,苏竣.大学变革的趋势——从研究型大学到创业型大学[J].科学学研究,2006,24(4)：552-558
[152]李永强,白璇,毛雨等.创业意愿影响因素研究综述[J].经济学动态,2008(02)
[153]廖慧萌.上海市大学生创业意愿的影响因素研究—基于TPB模[D]：华东理工大学,2010
[154]林广梅.企业文化力的开发与“二次创业”[J].经济师,2000(05)：24-25
[155]刘建平,宋朝霞,朱燕空.创业机会理论回顾与客观性假定[J].技术经济与管理研究,2011(02)：30-33
[156]刘洁.大学生基于互联网创业意愿实证研究[D]：昆明理工大学,2010
[157]刘力.产学研合作的沃里克模式和教学公司模式——英国的经验[J].外国教育研究,2005(10)：39-43
[158]刘沁玲.高校毕业生创业环境分析——人力资本与社会资本的相互作用与驱动[J].学术论坛,2008(08)：180-184
[159]刘昱.论创业型经济及其在中国的发展[J].科技管理研究,2007(02)：58-61
[160]路瑞峰.校园文化对大学生创业的影响探析[J].中国成人教育,2008(16)：43-44
[161]罗山.城市创新型创业环境结构分析与设计[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(18)：17-21
[162]宁亮.基于政府行为的创业环境改善研究[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2009(01)：61-64
[163]潘彦平.中国民营企业三次创业的理论探讨[J].理论探讨,2002(04)：47-48
[164]彭小瑜.基于web2.0概念的网站及其商业模式分析[D]：华中科技大学,2006
[165]彭绪梅.创业型大学的兴起与发展研究[D]：大连理工大学,2008
[166]齐听,刘家树.基于TPB模型的大学生创业意愿影响因素研究[J].安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版),2010,27(6)：163-165
[167]钱永红.创业意向影响因素研究[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007(04)：144-152
[168]钱永红.个人特质对男女创业意向影响的比较研究[J].技术经济,2007(07)：8-13,124
[169]秦璐.私营企业二次创业面临的问题与对策[J].商讯商业经济文荟,2004(06)：55-58
[170]任晶燕.基于政府角度分析我国高校科技成果转化的问题及对策[J].科技管理研究,2011(04)：87-90,97
[171]尚伟,梁玉英,巴宁.PLS在状态检测多元线性回归中的应用[J].计算技术与自动化,2011(01)
[172]沈超红,欧阳苏腾.国内创业环境研究综述[J].企业技术开发,2004(09)：31-32
[173]沈超红,彭巍.国外创业环境研究内容分析[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2010(01)：30-33
[174]苏喜军.基于主成分分析法的区域创业环境评价指标体系研究[J].河南社会科学,2010(03)：85-87
[175]孙淇庭.创业政策与大学生创业的关系[D]：湖南师范大学,2009
[176]谭颖,陈晓红.我国中小企业创业环境的实证研究[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2009(04)：114-119,144
[177]唐靖,姜彦福.创业活动的边界[J].工业技术经济,2007(07)：2-4
[178]唐靖,张帏,高建.不同创业环境下的机会认知和创业决策研究[J].科学学研究,2007(02)：328-333
[179]汪晓婷.金融危机背景下的高校创业教育研究[D]：沈阳师范大学,2010
[180]汪宜丹.创业企业家心理特征识别与创业精神培育研究[D]：同济大学,2007
[181]王爱民,马玲.关于高校科技成果转化工作的思考[J].研究与发展管理,2010(02)：111-113
[182]王大开,侯志平,王福平.创业机会初探[J].商场现代化,2008(03)：366
[183]王飞绒,池仁勇.发达国家与发展中国家创业环境比较研究[J].外国经济与管理,2005(11)：43-50
[184]王华锋,郑珠,牛晋泽.大学生创业意愿影响因素研究——以浙江省大学生为例[J].企业经济,2010(11)：83-86
[185]王惠文,张瑛.结构方程模型的预测建模方法[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2007(04)
[186]王金红.案例研究法及其相关学术规范[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版), 2007(03)：87-95,124
[187]王琳.基于战略型创业的企业成长研究[D]：中国科学技术大学,2007
[188]王满,李楚英.基于6因素模型的大学生创业意愿影响因素分析——来自广州的调查[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2011(01)：90-95
[189]王墨玉,王鹏,赵荣哲等.基于SEM的企业TQM与TIM整合研究[J].科技进步与对策,2007(06)
[190]王艳茹.中国创业型经济发展研究[J].中国青年政治学院学报,2009(3)：88-92
[191]王雁.创业型大学：美国研究型大学模式变革的研究[D]：浙江大学,2006
[192]夏维力,曾文水,白桦.基于大学科技园区创新网络的我国大学创业环境研究[J].科技进步与对策,2007(01)：168-171
[193]夏永林,赵卫卫,罗亮.基于偏最小二乘方法的商业银行顾客不满意因素分析[J].中国集体经济,2011(06)
[194]向渊婧.大学生创业影响因素与创业机制探讨——侧重于大学生创业群体的调查[D]：湖北大学,2009
[195]许铁梅.对高校培养创业型人才的理性思考[J].江苏高教,2001(06)：91-93
[196]杨波,冯悦旋.基于不确定环境的创业机会识别研究[J].中国科技论坛,2009(07)：109-112
[197]杨俊,张玉利.基于企业家资源禀赋的创业行为过程分析[J].外国经济与管理,2004(02)：2-6
[198]叶依广,刘志忠.创业环境的内涵与评价指标体系探讨[J].南京社会科学,2004(S2)：228-232
[199]易朝辉,夏清华.创业导向与大学衍生企业绩效关系研究——基于学术型创业者资源支持的视角[J].科学学研究,2011(05)：735-744
[200]余菁.案例研究与案例研究方法[J].经济管理,2004(20)：24-29
[201]张帆.中美大学生创业环境的比较分析[J].科学管理研究,2010(01)：112-115
[202]张会亮.牛津大学赛德商学院创业教育探析[J].外国教育研究,2008(11)：30-34
[203]张金萍.国外创业型大学的理论研究[D]：首都师范大学,2008
[204]张梦中,马克·霍哲.案例研究方法论[J].中国行政管理,2002(01)：43-46
[205]张晓琳.企业家理念与民营企业二次创业的思考[J].商业研究,2005 (24) ：37-40
[206]张也卉,侯祚勇,刘林青.科技创新价值链与大学知识产权制度的功能定位[J].科技成果管理与研究,2010(2)：20-24
[207]张玉利,李乾文.创业导向、公司创业与价值创造[M]：南开大学出版社,2009
[208]章勇刚,高静.以旅游管理专业为例大学生创业意愿影响因素实证研究[J],2010(4)
[209]赵海.创业环境与社会发展[J].理论导刊,2003(12)：16-17
[210]赵玉忠,陈业华.先进制造系统对企业绩效影响研究[J].现代管理科学,2009(09)
[211]郑炳章,朱燕空,赵磊.创业环境影响因素研究[J].经济与管理,2008,
22(9) ：58-61[212]中经网数据有限公司,北京联合经研投资咨询有限公司.中国计算机行业分析报告[R]
[213]周富强.创新、企业家精神与现代大学的成功治理——以英国华威大学为例[J].广东外语外贸大学学报,2006(02)：51-55
[214]周纲,田增瑞.影响中小企业创业成功的复杂因素——上海市创业投资企业和创业企业调研分析[J].研究与发展管理,2008(06)：82-87
[215]周丽.中小企业创业环境评价模型及实证研究[J].中国流通经济,2006(10)：42-45
[216]朱燕空,郑炳章.基于AHP的创业机会评价指标权重研究[J].石家庄学院学报,2008(05)：21-24
[2]Sharon A. Alvarez, W. Busenitz Lowell. The entrepreneurship of resource-basedtheory[J]. Journal of Management,2001,27 (6):755-775
[3]Catherine Armington, Zoltan J. Acs. The Determinants of Regional Variation in New Firm Formation[J]. Regional Studies,2002,36 (1):33-45
[4]Rosemary Athayde. Measuring Enterprise Potential in Young People[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,2009,33 (2):481-500
[5]David B. Audretsch, E. Lehmann Erik. Do University policies make adifference?[J]. Research Policy,2005,34 (3):343-347
[6]Howard Van Auken, Fred L. Fry, Paul Stephens. The influence of role models on entrepreneurial intentions [J]. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship,2006,11 (02):157-167
[7]Erkko Autio, Robert H. Keeley, Magnus Klofstenet al. Entrepreneurial Intent among Students in Scandinavia and in the USA[J]. Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies,2001,2 (2):145-160
[8]ROTTER J. B. Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement [J]. Psychological Monograph,1966,80 (1):1-28
[9]William Bains. How academics can make (extra) money out of their science[J]. Journal of Commercial Biotechnology,2005,11 (4):353-363
[10]Thomas M. Begley, David P. Boyd. Psychological Characteristics Associated with Performance in Entrepreneurial Firms and Smaller Businesses [J]. Journal of Business Venturing,1987,2 (1):79
[11]Janet Bercovitz, Maryann Feldman. Academic Entrepreneurs:Organizational Change at the Individual Level [J]. Organization Science,2008,19 (1):69-89
[12]Barbara Bird. Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas:The Case for Intention[J]. Academy of Management Review,1988,13 (3):442-453
[13]Barbara Bird, Candida Brush. A Gendered Perspective on Organizational Creation[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,2002,26 (3):41-65
[14]Nancy G. Boyd, George S. Vozikis. The Influence of Self-Efficacy on the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions [J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1994,18 (4):63-77
[15]Alan Carsrud, Malin Brannback. Entrepreneurial Motivations:What Do We Still Need to Know?[J]. Journal of Small Business Management,2011,49 (1):9-26
[16]Claes M. Cassel, Peter Hackl. On measurement of intangible assets:a study of robustness of partial least squares.[J]. Total Quality Management,2000,11 (7):S897
[17]Pierre Chandon, Brian Wansink, Gilles Laurent. A Benefit Congruency Framework of Sales Promotion Effectiveness[J]. The Journal of Marketing,2000,64 (4):65-81
[18]James J. Chrisman, Timothy Hynes, Shelby Fraser. Faculty entrepreneurship and economic development:The case of the University of Calgary [J]. Journal of Business Venturing,1995,10 (4):267-281
[19]Burton R. Clark. Sustaining change in universities:Continuities in case studies and concepts [J]. Tertiary Education and Management,2003,9(2):99-116
[20]Massimo G. Colombo, Delmastro Marco. How effective are technology incubators? Evidence from Italy [J]. Research Policy,2002,31 (7):1103-1122
[21]Karel Cool, Ingemar Dierickx, David Jemison. Business strategy, market structure and risk-return relationships:A structural approach[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1989,10 (6):507-522
[22]Arnold C. Cooper. Spin-offs and Technical Entrepreneurship [J]. Transactions on Engineering Management,1971,6 (2)
[23]J. Michael Crant. The Proactive Personality Scale as a Predictor of Entrepreneurial Intentions[J]. Journal of Small Business Management,1996,34 (3) 42-49
[24]J. Barton Cunningham, Joe Lischeron. Defining Entrepreneurship [J]. Journal of Small Business Management,1991,29 (1):45-61
[25]B. Dante Di Gregorioa, Shanea Scott. Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others?[J]. Research Policy,2003,32 (2):209-227
[26]John L. Davies. The Entrepreneurial and Adaptive University. Report of the Second U.S. Study Visit[J]. International Journal of Institutional Management in Higher Education,1987,11 (1):12-104
[27]John Day, Aftab Ahmed Dean, Paul L. Reynolds. Relationship marketing:Its key role in entrepreneurship[J]. Long Range Planning,1998,31 (6):828-837
[28]Devon DelVecchio, David H. Henard, Traci H. Freling. The effect of sales promotion on post-promotion brand preference:A meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Retailing,2006,82 (3):203-213
[29]Marc J. Dollinger. Entrepreneurship:Strategies and Resources[M]:Prentice Hall, 1999
[30]Evan J. Douglas, Jason R. Fitzsimmons. Individual Intentions Towards Entrepreneurship vs Intrapreneurship[A]. In:L. Murray Gillin.Melbourne, Australia: Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship (AGSE), Swinburne University of Technology,2008:937-951
[31]Evan J. Douglas, Dean A. Shepherd. Self-employment as a Career Choice: Attitudes, Entrepreneurial Intentions, and Utility Maximization[J]. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice,2002,26 (3):81-90
[32]J. Doutriaux. Emerging high-tech firms:How durable are their comparative start-up advantages?[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,1992,7(4):303-322
[33]M. Drnovsek, T. Erikson. Competing Models of Entrepreneurial Intentions[J]. Economic and Business Review for Central and South-Eastern Europe,2005,7(1): 55-71
[34]K. Eisenhardt. Making fast strategic decisions in high-velocity environments [J]. Academy of Management Journal,1989,32 (3):543-576
[35]Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Building Theories from Case Study Research[J]. Academy of Management Review,1989,14 (4):532-550
[36]Henry Etzkowitz. Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in American academic science[J]. Minerva,1983,21 (2):198-233
[37]Henry Etzkowitza, Websterb Andrew, Gebhardtc Christianeet al. The future of the university and the university of the future:evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm[J]. Research Policy,2000,29 (2):313-330
[38]Bernard Surlemont Frederic Nlemvo. Fabrice Pirnay. Toward a typology of university spin-offs[J]. Small Business Economics,2003:355-369
[39]A. Flahvin. Why Small Businesses Fail?[J]. Credit Union Magazine,2005,71(7): 14-15
[40]Deborah H. Francis, William R. Sandberg. Friendship Within Entrepreneurial Teams and its Association with Team and Venture Performance [J]. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice,2000,25 (2):5-25
[41]Hermann Frank, Manfred Lueger, Christian Korunka. The significance of personality in business start-up intentions, start-up realization and business success[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development,2007,19 (3):227-251
[42]William B. Gartner. "Who is an Entrepreneur?" Is the Wrong Question[J]. American Journal of Small Business,1988,12 (4):11-32
[43]William B. Gartner. Some Suggestions for Research on Entrepreneurial Traits and Characteristics[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1989,14 (1):27-37
[44]Wilson Gee. Social science research methods[M]:Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1950
[45]Aldo GEUNA. The Economics of Knowledge Production--Funding and the Structure of University Research [J]. Organization Studies,2001,22 (2):384
[46]Devi R. Gnyawali, Daniel S. Fogel. Environments for Entrepreneurship Development:Key Dimensions and Research Implications[J]. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice,1994,18 (4):43-62
[47]Harman Grant, Harman Kay. Governments and universities as the main drivers of enhanced Australian University research commercialisation capability [J]. Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management,2004,26 (2):153-169
[48]Heike Grimm. Do Public Information and Subsidies Contribute to the Entrepreneurial Environment? An Exploratory Transatlantic Study with Local-Global Perspectives [J]. International Journal of Public Administration,2006,29 (13) 1167-1193
[49]Sunil Gupta. Impact of Sales Promotions on When, What, and How Much to Buy[J]. Journal of Marketing Research,1988,25 (4):342-355
[50]Vishal K. Guptaa, B. Turbanb Daniel, M. Bhawec Nachiket. The Effect of Gender Stereotype Activation on Entrepreneurial Intentions [J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,2008,93 (5):1053-1061
[51]Yonca Gurol, Nuray Atsan. Entrepreneurial Characteristics amongst University Students:Some Insights for Entrepreneurship Education and Training in Turkey[J]. Education & Training,2006,48 (1):25-38
[52]W. H., Lindsay Percival-Straunik. Celebrating 25 years in business[J]. Director, 1998,51 (12):22
[53]Etzkowitz Henry. The norms of entrepreneurial science:cognitive effects of the new university-industry linkages[J]. Research Policy,1998,27 (8):823-833
[54]Etzkowitz Henry. The Second Academic Revolution:MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science[M]:Gordon and Breach,2002
[55]Robert D. Hisrich. Entrepreneurship/Intrapreneurship[J]. American Psychologist, 1990,45 (2):209-222
[56]Julie M. Hite. Patterns of Multidimensionality among Embedded Network Ties: A Typology of Relational Embeddedness in Emerging Entrepreneurial Firms [J]. Strategic Organization,2003,1 (1):9-49
[57]Keith M. Hmieleski, Andrew C. Corbett. Proclivity for Improvisation as a Predictor of Entrepreneurial Intentions[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 2006,44 (1):45-63
[58]John Hulland, Yiu Ho Chow, Shunyin Lam. Use of causal models in marketing research:A review[J]. International Journal of Research in Marketing,1996,13 (2) 181-197
[59]Ajzen Icek. Attitudes, Traits, and Actions:Dispositional Prediction of Behavior in Personality and Social Psychology[J]. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology,1987,20:1-63
[60]Sarah L. Jack, Alistair R. Anderson. The effects of embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2002,17 (5):467-487
[61]Sarah Jack, Sarah Drakopoulou Dodd, Alistair R. Anderson. Change and the development of entrepreneurial networks over time:a processual perspective[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development,2008,20 (2):125-159
[62]Sarah Jack, Susan Moult, Alistair R. Andersonet al. An entrepreneurial network evolving:Patterns of change[J]. International Small Business Journal,2010,28 (4) 315-337
[63]Bernard J. Jaworski, Ajay K. Kohli. Market Orientation:Antecedents and Consequences [J]. The Journal of Marketing,1993,57 (3):53-70
[64]Johny K. Johansson, George S. Yip. Exploiting globalization potential:U.S. and Japanese strategies [J]. Strategic Management Journal,1994,15 (8):579-601
[65]Norris F. Krueger JRa, D. Reillyb Michael, L. Carsrudc Alan. Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions [J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2000,15 (5-6) 411-432
[66]NORBERT KAILER. Entrepreneurship education:empirical findings and proposals for the design of entrepreneurship education concepts at universities in german-speaking countries[J]. Journal of Enterprising Culture,2009,17 (2):201-231
[67]Arturs Kalnins, Wilbur Chung. Social Capital, Geography, and Survival:Gujarati Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the U.S. Lodging Industry[J]. Management Science,2006, 52 (2):233-247
[68]Jerome A. Katz. A Psychosocial Cognitive Model of Employment Status Choice[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1992,17 (1):29-37
[69]Magnus Klofsten, Dylan Jones-Evans. Comparing Academic Entrepreneurship in Europe-The Case of Sweden and Ireland[J]. Small Business Economics,2000,14 (4):299-309
[70]L. Kolvereid. Organisational employment versus self employment:reasons for career choice intentions[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1996,20 (3):23-31
[71]Norris F. Krueger Jr., Deborah V. Brazeal. Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs [J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1994,18(3):91-104
[72]Norris F. Krueger, Alan L. Carsrud. Entrepreneurial intentions:Applying the theory of planned behaviour[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development,1993,5 (4):315-330
[73]Donald R. Lichtenstein, Scot Burton. An Examination of Deal Proneness Across Sales Promotion Types:A Consumer Segmentation Perspective.[J]. Journal of Retailing,1997,73 (2):283-297
[74]Francisco Linan, Yi-Wen Chen. Development and Cross-Cultural Application of a Specific Instrument to Measure Entrepreneurial Intentions [J]. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice,2009,33 (3):593-617
[75]Francisco Linan, Francisco Santos. Does Social Capital Affect Entrepreneurial Intentions?[J]. International Advances in Economic Research,2007,13 (4):443-453
[76]Christian Liithje, Nikolaus Franke. the 'making' of an entrepreneur:testing a model of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students at MIT[J]. R&D Management,2003,33 (2):135-147
[77]Naresh K. Malhotra, J. Daniel McCort. A cross-cultural comparison of behavioral intention models-Theoretical consideration and an empirical investigation[J]. International Marketing Review,2001,18 (3):235-269
[78]Tatiana S. Manolova, Aimin Yan. Institutional Constraints and Entrepreneurial Responses in a Transforming Economy[J]. International Small Business Journal,2002, 20 (2):163
[79]Gideon D. Markman, Peter T. Gianiodis, Phillip H. Phanet al. Entrepreneurship from the Ivory Tower:Do Incentive Systems Matter?[J]. The Journal of Technology Transfer,2004,29 (3):353-364
[80]Richard L. McCline, Subodh Bhat, Pam Baj. Opportunity Recognition:An Exploratory Investigation of a Component of the Entrepreneurial Process in the Context of the Health Care Industry[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,2000, 25 (2):81-94
[81]D. H. And J. McQueen. Spin-off Companies from Chalmers University of Technology[J]. Technovation,1982:305-315
[82]Sarfraz Mian. Are university technology incubators providing a milieu for technology-based entrepreneurship?[J]. Technology Management,1994,1(3):86-93
[83]Frances J. Milliken. Three Types of Perceived Uncertainty about the Environment:State, Effect, and Response Uncertainty [J]. Academy of Management Review,1987,12 (1):133-143
[84]Ka Ho Mok. Fostering entrepreneurship:Changing role of government and higher education governance in Hong Kong[J]. Research Policy,2005,34 (4): 537-554
[85]Neil A. Morgan, Douglas W. Vorhies, Charlotte H. Mason. Market orientation, marketing capabilities, and firm performance [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2009, 30 (8):909-920
[86]Everett M. Regores Kristen Morten S. spin-offs from research centers at a research university [J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2000:93-111
[87]Stephen L. Mueller, Anisya S. Thomas. Culture and entrepreneurial potential:A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2001,16 (1):51-75
[88]Rory O'Shea, Thomas J. Allen, Colm O'Gormanet al. Universities and Technology Transfer:A Review of Academic Entrepreneurship Literature [J]. Irish Journal of Management,2004,25 (2):11-29
[89]Mike W. Peng, Yasuhiro Yamakawa, Seung-Hyun Lee. Bankruptcy Laws and Entrepreneur-Friendliness [J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,2010,34 (3) 517-530
[90]Chad Perry. After Further Sightings of the Heffalump[J]. Journal of Managerial Psychology,1990,5 (2):22-31
[91]S. P. Premaratne. Networks, Resources, and Small Business Growth:The Experience in Sri Lanka[J]. Journal of Small Business Management,2001,39 (4) 363-371
[92]Peter B. Robinson, David V. Stimpson, Jonathan C. Huefneret al. An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship [J]. Entrepreneurship theory and practice,1991,15 (4):13-32
[93]Frank T. Rothaermel, Shanti D. Agung, Lin Jiang. University entrepreneurship:a taxonomy of the literature[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change,2007,16(4) 691-791
[94]Jamal Roudaki. University Students Perceptions on Entrepreneurship:Commerce Students Attitudes at Lincoln University [J]. Journal of Accounting, Business & Management,2009,16 (2):36-53
[95]Mian Sarfraz A. US university-sponsored technology incubators:an overview of management, policies and performance [J]. Technovation,1994,14 (8):515-528
[96]Joseph Alois Schumpeter. The theory of economic development:an inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle[M]:Transaction Publishers, 1934
[97]A. Scott Shane, A. Lockea Edwin, J. Collinsb Christopher. Entrepreneurial motivation[J]. Human Resource Management Review,2003,13 (2):257-279
[98]Lee Seung-Hyun, Mike W. Peng, Jay B. Barney. Bankruptcy law and entrepreneurship development:a real options perspective[J]. Academy of Management Review,2007,32 (1):257-272
[99]Scott Shane, S. Venkataraman. The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research[J]. Academy of Management Review,2000,25 (1):217-226
[100]Scott Shane, S. Venkataraman. The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research[J]. Academy of Management Review,2000,25 (1):217-226
[101]Kelly G. Shaver, Linda R. Scott. Person, Process, Choice:The Psychology of New Venture Creation Kelly G. Shaver [J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1991, 16 (2):23-45
[102]Vangelis Souitaris, Stefania Zerbinati, Andreas Al-Laham. Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2007, 22 (4):566-591
[103]Jennifer W. Spencer, Thomas P. Murtha, Stefanie Ann Lenway. How governments matter to new industry creation[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2005,30 (2):321-337
[104]Michael P. Steiner, Olaf Solem. Factors for success in small manufacturing firms[J]. Journal of Small Business Management,1988,26 (1):51-56
[105]Yongjun Sung, Spencer F. Tinkham. Brand Personality Structures in the United States and Korea:Common and Culture-Specific Factors.[J]. Journal of Consumer Psychology (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates),2005,15 (4):334-350
[106]Edmund R. Thompson. Individual Entrepreneurial Intent:Construct Clarification and Development of an Internationally Reliable Metric[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,2009,33 (3):669-694
[107]Jeffry A. Timmons, Stephen Spinelli. New venture creation:entrepreneurship for the 21st century[M]:McGraw-Hill/Irwin,2004
[108]Bart Van Looy, Rangaa Marina, Callaert Julieet al. Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia:towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew-effect?[J]. Research Policy,2004,33 (3):425-441
[109]Jose Ma Veciana, Marines Aponte, David Urbano. University Students' Attitudes Towards Entrepreneurship:A Two Countries Comparison[J]. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,2005,1:165-182
[110]Urve Venesaar, Ene Kolbre, Toomas Piliste. Students'Attitudes and Intentions toward Entrepreneurship at Tallinn University of Technology[J]. Published in Working Papers in Economics,School of Economics and Business Administration,Tallinn University of Technology (TUTWPE),2006:97-114
[111]William B. Waistad, Marilyn L. Kourilsky. Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Knowledge of Black Youth[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory & Practice,1998,23 (2) 5-18
[112]Clement K. Wang, Wong Poh-Kam. Entrepreneurial interest of university students in Singapore[J]. Technovation,2004,24 (2):163-172
[113]Friederike Welter, David Smallbone. Institutional Perspectives on Entrepreneurial Behavior in Challenging Environments [J]. Journal of Small Business Management,2011,49 (1):107-125
[114]Wim Wiewel, Albert Hunter. The Interorganizational Network As a Resource: A Comparative Case Study on Organizational Genesis[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1985,30 (4):482-496
[115]Fiona Wilson, Jill Kickul, Deborah Marlinoet al. An analysis of the role of gender and self-efficacy in developing female entrepreneurial interest and behaviors[J]. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship,2009,14 (02):105-119
[116]Peter Witt. Entrepreneurs'networks and the success of start-ups [J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development,2004,16 (5):391-412
[117]Peter Witt, Andreas Schroeter, Christin Merz. Entrepreneurial resource acquisition via personal networks:an empirical study of German start-ups [J]. Service Industries Journal,2008,28 (7/8):953-971
[118]S. Wold, A. Ruhe, H. Woldet al. The Collinearity Problem in Linear Regression. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) Approach to Generalized Inverses[J]. SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing,1984,5(3):735-743
[119]Mike Wright, Sue Birley, Simon Mosey. Entrepreneurship and University Technology Transfer[J]. The Journal of Technology Transfer,2004,29 (3):235-246
[120]Robert K. Yin. Case study research:design and methods[M]:Sage Publications, 2003
[121]Attahir Yusuf. Critical success factors for small business:perceptions of south pacific entrepreneurs[J]. Journal of Small Business Management,1995,33 (2):68-73
[122]Zahariah Mohd Zain, Amalina Mohd Akram, Erlane K. Ghani. Entrepreneurship Intention Among Malaysian Business Students [J]. Canadian Social Science,2010,6 (3):34-44
[123]Mark P. Zanna. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology[M]:Academic Press,1987
[124]Alina M. Zapalska, Helen Dabb, Geoff Perry. Environmental Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Activities:Indigenous Maori Entrepreneurs of New Zealand[J]. Asia Pacific Business Review,2003,10 (2):160-177
[125]Junfu Zhang. Why do some US universities generate more venture-backed academic entrepreneurs than others?[J]. Venture Capital,2009,11 (2):133-162
[126]Hao Zhao, E. Seibert Scott, E. Hills Gerald. The MediatingRole of Self-Efficacy in the Development of EntrepreneurialIntentions[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2005,90 (6):1265-1272
[127]蔡翔,刘晓正,谌婷.基于双螺旋结构的创业机会识别模型构建[J].企业活力,2010(11)：87-91
[128]陈俊娄,成武.解读美日研究型大学衍生企业及对我国的启示[J].科学学研究,2005(增刊)
[129]陈钦约.基于社会网络的企业家创业能力和创业绩效研究[D]：南开大学,2010
[130]陈若愚.探究徐州民营小企业创业团队分裂的因素和对策[J].中国商贸,2009(19)：184-185
[131]陈巍.创业者个体因素对创业倾向的影响：感知环境宽松性的中介作用[D]：吉林大学,2010
[132]陈忠卫,曹薇.创业环境与创业活动关系的研究视角及其进展[J].科技 进步与对策,2009,26(18)：156-160
[133]程智辉.创业意愿归因研究[D]：武汉大学,2010
[134]池仁勇,朱非白.城市创业环境指数研究——基于长江三角洲实证[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(9)：110-114
[135]段存广,高国武.基于大学功能演进的大学生创业研究[J].中国高校科技与产业化,2009(10)：38-41
[136]范晓清,王皓白,钱辉.大学创业动态孵化模式探析[J].高等工程教育研究,2011(03)：64-66
[137]高树仁.基于三螺旋模式的大学知识创新理论研究[D]：大连理工大学,2008
[138]郭洪,毛雨,白璇等.大学创业教育对学生创业意愿的影响研究[J].软科学,2009,23(9)：69-74
[139]郭元源,陈瑶瑶,池仁勇.城市创业环境评价方法研究及实证[J].科技进步与对策,2006,23(2)：141-145
[140]何婷英,张丽萍.大学生创业意识的调查与研究——以温州高校大学生为例[J].中国青年研究,2007(1)：45-48
[141]胡春光,黄文彬.创业型大学的组织转型及其启示[J].北京教育(高教版),2005(7)：15-17
[142]胡小东,曹麒麟.基于就业视角的大学生创业教育研究[J].西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2008(3)：69-72
[143]黄勇,丁忠利.大学生创业意愿的调查与分析[J].安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版),2009,26(3)：143-144,147
[144]嵇安奕,李华昌,李华晶.基于价值创新逻辑的创业范式与理论融合探析[J].中国科技信息,2009(5)：154-155
[145]姜红玲,王重鸣,倪宁.基于因子分析的创业特质探索研究[J].心理科学,2006,29(4)：919-921
[146]李国军.企业家创业精神的结构和效应机制：人与创业匹配的视角[D]：浙江大学,2007
[147]李海燕.创新创业教育环境氛围营造[J].中小企业管理与科技,2011(1)：154-155
[148]李慧.基于复杂网络的复杂项目管理研究框架[J].科技进步与对策,2008(11)
[149]李俊.大学生创业意愿的调查与分析——以上海1256名大学生为样本[J].现代大学教育,2008(6)：96-101
[150]李坤,王建.创业精神的地域文化分析——兼论南京地域文化对南京市民创业活动的影响[J].南京社会科学,2005(S1)：396-403
[151]李世超,苏竣.大学变革的趋势——从研究型大学到创业型大学[J].科学学研究,2006,24(4)：552-558
[152]李永强,白璇,毛雨等.创业意愿影响因素研究综述[J].经济学动态,2008(02)
[153]廖慧萌.上海市大学生创业意愿的影响因素研究—基于TPB模[D]：华东理工大学,2010
[154]林广梅.企业文化力的开发与“二次创业”[J].经济师,2000(05)：24-25
[155]刘建平,宋朝霞,朱燕空.创业机会理论回顾与客观性假定[J].技术经济与管理研究,2011(02)：30-33
[156]刘洁.大学生基于互联网创业意愿实证研究[D]：昆明理工大学,2010
[157]刘力.产学研合作的沃里克模式和教学公司模式——英国的经验[J].外国教育研究,2005(10)：39-43
[158]刘沁玲.高校毕业生创业环境分析——人力资本与社会资本的相互作用与驱动[J].学术论坛,2008(08)：180-184
[159]刘昱.论创业型经济及其在中国的发展[J].科技管理研究,2007(02)：58-61
[160]路瑞峰.校园文化对大学生创业的影响探析[J].中国成人教育,2008(16)：43-44
[161]罗山.城市创新型创业环境结构分析与设计[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(18)：17-21
[162]宁亮.基于政府行为的创业环境改善研究[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2009(01)：61-64
[163]潘彦平.中国民营企业三次创业的理论探讨[J].理论探讨,2002(04)：47-48
[164]彭小瑜.基于web2.0概念的网站及其商业模式分析[D]：华中科技大学,2006
[165]彭绪梅.创业型大学的兴起与发展研究[D]：大连理工大学,2008
[166]齐听,刘家树.基于TPB模型的大学生创业意愿影响因素研究[J].安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版),2010,27(6)：163-165
[167]钱永红.创业意向影响因素研究[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007(04)：144-152
[168]钱永红.个人特质对男女创业意向影响的比较研究[J].技术经济,2007(07)：8-13,124
[169]秦璐.私营企业二次创业面临的问题与对策[J].商讯商业经济文荟,2004(06)：55-58
[170]任晶燕.基于政府角度分析我国高校科技成果转化的问题及对策[J].科技管理研究,2011(04)：87-90,97
[171]尚伟,梁玉英,巴宁.PLS在状态检测多元线性回归中的应用[J].计算技术与自动化,2011(01)
[172]沈超红,欧阳苏腾.国内创业环境研究综述[J].企业技术开发,2004(09)：31-32
[173]沈超红,彭巍.国外创业环境研究内容分析[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2010(01)：30-33
[174]苏喜军.基于主成分分析法的区域创业环境评价指标体系研究[J].河南社会科学,2010(03)：85-87
[175]孙淇庭.创业政策与大学生创业的关系[D]：湖南师范大学,2009
[176]谭颖,陈晓红.我国中小企业创业环境的实证研究[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2009(04)：114-119,144
[177]唐靖,姜彦福.创业活动的边界[J].工业技术经济,2007(07)：2-4
[178]唐靖,张帏,高建.不同创业环境下的机会认知和创业决策研究[J].科学学研究,2007(02)：328-333
[179]汪晓婷.金融危机背景下的高校创业教育研究[D]：沈阳师范大学,2010
[180]汪宜丹.创业企业家心理特征识别与创业精神培育研究[D]：同济大学,2007
[181]王爱民,马玲.关于高校科技成果转化工作的思考[J].研究与发展管理,2010(02)：111-113
[182]王大开,侯志平,王福平.创业机会初探[J].商场现代化,2008(03)：366
[183]王飞绒,池仁勇.发达国家与发展中国家创业环境比较研究[J].外国经济与管理,2005(11)：43-50
[184]王华锋,郑珠,牛晋泽.大学生创业意愿影响因素研究——以浙江省大学生为例[J].企业经济,2010(11)：83-86
[185]王惠文,张瑛.结构方程模型的预测建模方法[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2007(04)
[186]王金红.案例研究法及其相关学术规范[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版), 2007(03)：87-95,124
[187]王琳.基于战略型创业的企业成长研究[D]：中国科学技术大学,2007
[188]王满,李楚英.基于6因素模型的大学生创业意愿影响因素分析——来自广州的调查[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2011(01)：90-95
[189]王墨玉,王鹏,赵荣哲等.基于SEM的企业TQM与TIM整合研究[J].科技进步与对策,2007(06)
[190]王艳茹.中国创业型经济发展研究[J].中国青年政治学院学报,2009(3)：88-92
[191]王雁.创业型大学：美国研究型大学模式变革的研究[D]：浙江大学,2006
[192]夏维力,曾文水,白桦.基于大学科技园区创新网络的我国大学创业环境研究[J].科技进步与对策,2007(01)：168-171
[193]夏永林,赵卫卫,罗亮.基于偏最小二乘方法的商业银行顾客不满意因素分析[J].中国集体经济,2011(06)
[194]向渊婧.大学生创业影响因素与创业机制探讨——侧重于大学生创业群体的调查[D]：湖北大学,2009
[195]许铁梅.对高校培养创业型人才的理性思考[J].江苏高教,2001(06)：91-93
[196]杨波,冯悦旋.基于不确定环境的创业机会识别研究[J].中国科技论坛,2009(07)：109-112
[197]杨俊,张玉利.基于企业家资源禀赋的创业行为过程分析[J].外国经济与管理,2004(02)：2-6
[198]叶依广,刘志忠.创业环境的内涵与评价指标体系探讨[J].南京社会科学,2004(S2)：228-232
[199]易朝辉,夏清华.创业导向与大学衍生企业绩效关系研究——基于学术型创业者资源支持的视角[J].科学学研究,2011(05)：735-744
[200]余菁.案例研究与案例研究方法[J].经济管理,2004(20)：24-29
[201]张帆.中美大学生创业环境的比较分析[J].科学管理研究,2010(01)：112-115
[202]张会亮.牛津大学赛德商学院创业教育探析[J].外国教育研究,2008(11)：30-34
[203]张金萍.国外创业型大学的理论研究[D]：首都师范大学,2008
[204]张梦中,马克·霍哲.案例研究方法论[J].中国行政管理,2002(01)：43-46
[205]张晓琳.企业家理念与民营企业二次创业的思考[J].商业研究,2005 (24) ：37-40
[206]张也卉,侯祚勇,刘林青.科技创新价值链与大学知识产权制度的功能定位[J].科技成果管理与研究,2010(2)：20-24
[207]张玉利,李乾文.创业导向、公司创业与价值创造[M]：南开大学出版社,2009
[208]章勇刚,高静.以旅游管理专业为例大学生创业意愿影响因素实证研究[J],2010(4)
[209]赵海.创业环境与社会发展[J].理论导刊,2003(12)：16-17
[210]赵玉忠,陈业华.先进制造系统对企业绩效影响研究[J].现代管理科学,2009(09)
[211]郑炳章,朱燕空,赵磊.创业环境影响因素研究[J].经济与管理,2008,
22(9) ：58-61[212]中经网数据有限公司,北京联合经研投资咨询有限公司.中国计算机行业分析报告[R]
[213]周富强.创新、企业家精神与现代大学的成功治理——以英国华威大学为例[J].广东外语外贸大学学报,2006(02)：51-55
[214]周纲,田增瑞.影响中小企业创业成功的复杂因素——上海市创业投资企业和创业企业调研分析[J].研究与发展管理,2008(06)：82-87
[215]周丽.中小企业创业环境评价模型及实证研究[J].中国流通经济,2006(10)：42-45
[216]朱燕空,郑炳章.基于AHP的创业机会评价指标权重研究[J].石家庄学院学报,2008(05)：21-24
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |