毛细管格栅空调系统的动态仿真与实验研究
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摘要
随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,空调能耗迅猛增加,传统空调采用温湿度耦合处理技术,消耗了大量高品位的能量,低碳经济催生低碳空调,毛细管格栅平面空调系统应运而生。
毛细管格栅平面空调系统利用低温辐射技术,将温湿度分开来单独控制,实现了空调工程能源的梯级利用,使天然冷源、干燥地区蒸发冷源、工业废热、太阳能等能源在空调工程中应用变得更加可行。毛细管格栅平面空调系统是一种节能、舒适、节约空间、经济效益显著的空调末端系统。
本文在分析毛细管格栅平面空调系统热过程的基础上,建立了毛细管格栅平面空调系统的动态数学模型,对毛细管格栅的传热影响因素、室内气流组织、空调负荷计算、室内设计参数、新风量及设计参数、空调热回收理论及装置结构等进行了研究。最后通过实验验证了理论分析结果的可靠性,为该空调形式的应用提供了可靠的理论和实践依据。具体内容包括:
(1)从研究影响舒适性因素、舒适性指标入手,采用Fanger的热舒适指标作为判据,在舒适度和相对湿度相同的条件下,得出毛细管格栅平面空调室内设计温度比传统空调房间在冬季(夏季)供暖(冷)时低(高)1.6℃。
(2)从分析毛细管格栅传热过程入手,建立了动态数学模型,并对热过程各阶段分别进行科学的简化,分段研究。
(3)在理论研究的基础上,采用MATLAB软件通过编程、CFD计算模拟,找出了影响毛细管格栅的传热的因素;室内温度、速度、污染物浓度分布;得出了毛细管格栅空调系统负荷的计算方法。
(4)建立室内湿平衡方程,分析了室内湿度的计算方法,给出了毛细管格栅平面空调新风量、新风参数及运行策略。
(5)分析空调热回收传热过程,建立了间接蒸发板式热回收装置的数学模型,通过CFD模拟得出了合理的结构参数。
(6)通过实验对以上理论及模拟结果进行验证,毛细管格栅散热、室内温度、速度以及污染物浓度场均很好的满足舒适性的要求,达到设计标准;通过搭建实验台,对间接蒸发板式热回收装置进行测试,测试表明,间接蒸发板式热回收装置回收效率夏季超过70%,冬季仅为显热热回收的状态下,热回收效率也在60%以上。并通过实验对热回收装置的换热单元数、新排风比等热回收装置参数进行了更好的优化。
With the advent of a new century and the rapid economic growth in China, energy problem has become the biggest obstacle in the development of our country, and the corresponding environmental problem limits our growth rate. Traditional air conditioning system based on the processing technique of coupling between temperature and humidity, it’s need more than 20℃chilled water to meet indoor environmental requirements, but in order to dehumidify, the chilled water must decline to 7℃, and most indoor heat exchange adopt convection heat transfer, those don’t accommodate the modern air conditioning request for energy saving, emission reduction and improving indoor comfortableness.
Capillary grating plane air-conditioning system uses the low-temperature radiant technology, its temperature and humidity independent control, achieving grading utilization of energy and making natural cold source, evaporation source in the dry areas, industrial waste heat and solar energy apply to air conditioning engineering. Capillary grating plane is an air conditioning system terminal of energy conservation, comfort, space saving and remarkable economical benefits.
In this paper, based on thermal process of capillary grating plane air-conditioning system, established its dynamical mathematical model, studied the influencing factors of its heat transfer, indoor airflow distribution, load calculation, indoor design parameters, fresh air volume and design parameters, air conditioning heat recovery theory and configuration. In the last, verified the reliability of theoretical analysis by experiment, providing reliable theory and practice evidences for the application of this air conditioning system. The contents include:
(1) Beginning with studying factors of influencing comfortableness and comfort index, based on Professor Fanger thermal comfort index and in the same conditions on comfort and relative humidity, come to a conclusion that capillary grating plane air-conditioning system indoor design temperature is lower 1.6℃than traditional air conditioning system’s heating in winter and on the contrary in summer.
(2) From the beginning with analyzing capillary grating plane heat-transfer process, established a dynamical mathematical model, simplified and studied its thermal process.
(3) Based on theoretical research, found out the factors of influencing capillary grating plane heat transfer; indoor temperature, velocity and contaminant concentration distribution and the calculation method of capillary grating plane air conditioning load by MATLAB programming and CFD simulation.
(4) Established indoor humidity equilibrium equation, analyzed the calculation method of indoor humidity and provided the method of ensuing the volume and parameters of fresh air of capillary grating plane air-conditioning system and its operation strategy.
(5) Analyzed the heat-transfer process of air conditioning heat recovery, established the mathematical model of indirect evaporation plate heat recovery equipment and obtained its reasonable structural parameters by CFD simulation.
(6)Above theories and simulated result were verified by experiment, capillary plane heat elimination, indoor temperature, velocity and contaminant concentration distribution all can be satisfied the comfortable request very well and came to the designing standard. By setting up laboratory furniture, tested indirect evaporation plate heat recovery equipment and manifested that its heat recovery efficiency could be more than 70% in summer and above 60% in winter, though it is only in the condition of sensible heat recovery. Optimized heat recovery equipment parameters of number of heat transfer unit, fresh air and exhaust air radio by experiment.
毛细管格栅平面空调系统利用低温辐射技术,将温湿度分开来单独控制,实现了空调工程能源的梯级利用,使天然冷源、干燥地区蒸发冷源、工业废热、太阳能等能源在空调工程中应用变得更加可行。毛细管格栅平面空调系统是一种节能、舒适、节约空间、经济效益显著的空调末端系统。
本文在分析毛细管格栅平面空调系统热过程的基础上,建立了毛细管格栅平面空调系统的动态数学模型,对毛细管格栅的传热影响因素、室内气流组织、空调负荷计算、室内设计参数、新风量及设计参数、空调热回收理论及装置结构等进行了研究。最后通过实验验证了理论分析结果的可靠性,为该空调形式的应用提供了可靠的理论和实践依据。具体内容包括:
(1)从研究影响舒适性因素、舒适性指标入手,采用Fanger的热舒适指标作为判据,在舒适度和相对湿度相同的条件下,得出毛细管格栅平面空调室内设计温度比传统空调房间在冬季(夏季)供暖(冷)时低(高)1.6℃。
(2)从分析毛细管格栅传热过程入手,建立了动态数学模型,并对热过程各阶段分别进行科学的简化,分段研究。
(3)在理论研究的基础上,采用MATLAB软件通过编程、CFD计算模拟,找出了影响毛细管格栅的传热的因素;室内温度、速度、污染物浓度分布;得出了毛细管格栅空调系统负荷的计算方法。
(4)建立室内湿平衡方程,分析了室内湿度的计算方法,给出了毛细管格栅平面空调新风量、新风参数及运行策略。
(5)分析空调热回收传热过程,建立了间接蒸发板式热回收装置的数学模型,通过CFD模拟得出了合理的结构参数。
(6)通过实验对以上理论及模拟结果进行验证,毛细管格栅散热、室内温度、速度以及污染物浓度场均很好的满足舒适性的要求,达到设计标准;通过搭建实验台,对间接蒸发板式热回收装置进行测试,测试表明,间接蒸发板式热回收装置回收效率夏季超过70%,冬季仅为显热热回收的状态下,热回收效率也在60%以上。并通过实验对热回收装置的换热单元数、新排风比等热回收装置参数进行了更好的优化。
With the advent of a new century and the rapid economic growth in China, energy problem has become the biggest obstacle in the development of our country, and the corresponding environmental problem limits our growth rate. Traditional air conditioning system based on the processing technique of coupling between temperature and humidity, it’s need more than 20℃chilled water to meet indoor environmental requirements, but in order to dehumidify, the chilled water must decline to 7℃, and most indoor heat exchange adopt convection heat transfer, those don’t accommodate the modern air conditioning request for energy saving, emission reduction and improving indoor comfortableness.
Capillary grating plane air-conditioning system uses the low-temperature radiant technology, its temperature and humidity independent control, achieving grading utilization of energy and making natural cold source, evaporation source in the dry areas, industrial waste heat and solar energy apply to air conditioning engineering. Capillary grating plane is an air conditioning system terminal of energy conservation, comfort, space saving and remarkable economical benefits.
In this paper, based on thermal process of capillary grating plane air-conditioning system, established its dynamical mathematical model, studied the influencing factors of its heat transfer, indoor airflow distribution, load calculation, indoor design parameters, fresh air volume and design parameters, air conditioning heat recovery theory and configuration. In the last, verified the reliability of theoretical analysis by experiment, providing reliable theory and practice evidences for the application of this air conditioning system. The contents include:
(1) Beginning with studying factors of influencing comfortableness and comfort index, based on Professor Fanger thermal comfort index and in the same conditions on comfort and relative humidity, come to a conclusion that capillary grating plane air-conditioning system indoor design temperature is lower 1.6℃than traditional air conditioning system’s heating in winter and on the contrary in summer.
(2) From the beginning with analyzing capillary grating plane heat-transfer process, established a dynamical mathematical model, simplified and studied its thermal process.
(3) Based on theoretical research, found out the factors of influencing capillary grating plane heat transfer; indoor temperature, velocity and contaminant concentration distribution and the calculation method of capillary grating plane air conditioning load by MATLAB programming and CFD simulation.
(4) Established indoor humidity equilibrium equation, analyzed the calculation method of indoor humidity and provided the method of ensuing the volume and parameters of fresh air of capillary grating plane air-conditioning system and its operation strategy.
(5) Analyzed the heat-transfer process of air conditioning heat recovery, established the mathematical model of indirect evaporation plate heat recovery equipment and obtained its reasonable structural parameters by CFD simulation.
(6)Above theories and simulated result were verified by experiment, capillary plane heat elimination, indoor temperature, velocity and contaminant concentration distribution all can be satisfied the comfortable request very well and came to the designing standard. By setting up laboratory furniture, tested indirect evaporation plate heat recovery equipment and manifested that its heat recovery efficiency could be more than 70% in summer and above 60% in winter, though it is only in the condition of sensible heat recovery. Optimized heat recovery equipment parameters of number of heat transfer unit, fresh air and exhaust air radio by experiment.
引文
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