简支转连续梁桥的几个关键问题研究
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摘要
简支转连续梁桥兼顾了简支梁桥和连续梁桥的优点，其数量在我国混凝土梁桥中占相当大的比重。然而，由于一系列关键问题研究的相对滞后，人们对简支转连续梁桥的认识还远不如对简支梁桥和现浇连续梁桥明确。例如：结构动力工作性能的评价体系及分析结论尚不完善；针对体系力学特点的结构内力及变形计算方法还没有被提出；有关内力重分布规律的研究未能达成统一共识；对施工过程中一些关键环节的控制技术缺乏必要的力学分析；墩顶接头位置的后连续技术形式单一、耐久性存在一定的隐患。目前，由于缺乏针对性的技术规范及行业标准，简支转连续梁桥的设计、施工工作依然参照简支梁桥和连续梁桥的相关规范条例进行，现有的研究成果不能满足工程实践的需求。
本论文从简支转连续梁桥结构体系固有特点入手，针对结构动力工作性能、结构计算理论、内力重分布规律、施工控制技术及后连续接头形式等方面展开研究。
参照国内外规范及研究成果，从动力分析的角度，以振幅、加速度和冲击系数作为动力工作性能分析指标，选择有代表性的车辆及桥梁样本，采用车桥振动特性计算程序，对公路上常规的简支梁桥与简支转连续梁桥的动力工作性能进行对比分析，得出动力特性量化分析结论。
基于结构力学分析结论，推导得出简支转连续梁桥混凝土徐变内力效应、温度内力效应以及预应力内力效应计算公式，并且针对简支转连续梁桥的体系形成过程及力学特点，得到该结构在简支阶段、体系转换阶段及成桥阶段的挠度变形公式，并提出针对简支转连续梁桥预拱度设置方法。论文结合富绥松花江大桥引桥工程进行了现场实桥跟踪测试对比分析，结果证明论文公式法可以满足简支转连续梁桥的线形控制的需求。
简支转连续梁桥在体系转换阶段及成桥阶段，由于徐变、温度变化、负弯矩预应力张拉等因素的影响，结构将产生一系列的内力重分布现象，并伴随着变形的发生。论文对简支转连续梁桥由于混凝土徐变、局部温度变化以及负弯矩预应力束张拉引起的结构内力重分布规律及影响因素进行了分析，并提出合理的设计建议。
简支转连续梁桥施工中有许多关键控制环节需要进行深入的研究。首先，论文针对施工中预制梁加载龄期与静置时间无序的现状展开研究，结合有限元方法分析预制梁加载龄期及静置时间对后期结构的内力影响规律。其次，对预制部分及现浇接头部分混凝土龄期差导致的收缩变形差对结构内力的影响，以及对接头处混凝土浇筑时合拢温度的影响进行了理论分析及有限元计算，并提出相应的工程建议。最后，通过有限元方法对简支转连续梁桥合理施工工艺进行优化研究，得出一次浇筑、隔跨张拉及隔跨拆除临时支座的合理施工工序。
针对体内预应力接头形式单一、且存在耐久性隐患的现状，通过理论分析及模型梁试验的方法探讨了体外预应力接头的构造形式及合理性，开创性的提出了体外预应力现浇接头的设计方法，提出了体外束极限应力增量计算公式及极限弯矩计算公式，并将体外预应力现浇接头的研究成果应用于齐泰公路塔子城互通工程AK0+501.396匝道试验桥的建设中。通过荷载试验，证明了研究成果的实用性。
以上论文的研究成果将增进对简支转连续梁桥体系特点的了解，有助于该类桥梁的精细化设计与施工，也可丰富简支转连续体系桥梁的研究框架及内容，希望能为工程实际中面临的诸多问题提供参考。
Simple-continuous girder bridge has the advantages of simply-supported girderbridge and continuous bridge, which has already a large proportion in concretegirder bridge. However, the research on some key problems of this system bridge islagger than the engineering practice actually. As a result, the inherent characteristicsof the simple-continuous bridge known by people are less than that ofsimply-surpported girder bridge and cast-in-site contiuous girder bridge. Forexample, structure dynamic performance evaluation system and the analysisconclusion of the simple-continuous girder are not perfect, and the internal forceand deformation calculation method have not been proposed. The study ofredistribution of internal force failed to reach a unified consensus, and theconstruction process of some key technology lacks based on the necessarymechanics analysis. The technology of joint at top pier position has a single form,and the durability has certain hidden trouble at present. Moreover, existing researchresults are too limited to meet the requirement of engineeerings.
Based on the inherent characteristics of the simple-continuous bridge structuralsystem, the dynamic working performance, structure computational method,secondary inner force redistribution regulation, reasonable construction controltechnology and post-connecting joint form etc. are researched in this dissertation.
According to the latest specification and research results home and abroad,based on dynamic mechanical theory, the vibration amplitute, acceleration andimpact factor are viewed as evaluation indexes of dynamic working performance.By selecting representative bridge samples and vehicle samples and usingvehicle-bridge vibration calculation program, a large number of calculations arecarried out and analyzed, the dynamic quantitative analysis conclusion has beenobtained.
Based on structural mechanics analysis conclusions, the calculation method ofinternal force effect, creep of concrete, temperature stress effect and prestressedforce effect of the bridge are obtained. According to the simple-continuous girderbridge system forming process and mechanics characteristics, the actionalmechanism and influencial rules of creep effect, temperature effect and prestressing effect are studied, and the simplified calculation formulas, such as creep inner forceeffect, temperature inner force effect and prestressing inner force effect anddeflection in simple supported stage, system conversion stage as well as using stage,have been launched, and pre-camber settings method are also put forward. In orderto test the results, the conclusions were certified by the tracking and testing resultsduring the construction of Fusui Songhuajiang River Bridge.
Simple-continuous girder bridge in system conversion stage and completionstage, due to the creep, temperature changes, negative bending prestressed tensionand other factors, the structure will produce a series of internal force redistribution,and accompanied with the occurrence of deformation. Study on structural internalforce redistribution rule and influence factors caused by concrete creep, localtemperature changes and negative bending of prestressed tension are analyzed, andthe reasonable suggestions for design are put forward.
A number of key technologies in construction stage of simple-continuousgirder bridge need to be studied. On the one hand, the disorder for engineering inprecast girder loading age and standing time are studied with FEM so as to find outthe rule of influence on structure inner force. On the other hand, the impact ofconcrete shrinkage deformation differencial from the age differential on thestructure internal forces between the prefabricated parts and cast-in-site parts, andclosure temperature influence in joint have been researched with theorial analysisand FEM, and the proposals to the reasonable construction are proposed.Furthermore, the reasonable construction conversion process of simple-continuousbridge is optimized and the reasonable construction process finally is acquired, thatis, pouring one time, tension and dismantle the temporary bearings in double space.
According to the defects of single joint form and duribility of thesimple-continuous bridge, the externally prestressed joint form and reasonability arestudied by theoretical analysis,model beam and experiment bridge testing. Then theprestressed cast-in-place joint design method is put forward, and the computationalequation of the ultimate stress increment and ultimate bending moment of externalprestressing cable are deduced. The results of research in this dissertation has beensuccessfully applied to the Qitai highway Tazi City interchange project AK0501.396ramp experiment bridge, which has been verified by dead and live loading tests.
The above research results may improve the knowledge system of simple-continuous girder bridge, and contribute to the fine design and constructionand also enrich research frame and content of this kind of bridge, which couldpresent reference for the engineering practice in the face of many problemsconsequently.
本论文从简支转连续梁桥结构体系固有特点入手，针对结构动力工作性能、结构计算理论、内力重分布规律、施工控制技术及后连续接头形式等方面展开研究。
参照国内外规范及研究成果，从动力分析的角度，以振幅、加速度和冲击系数作为动力工作性能分析指标，选择有代表性的车辆及桥梁样本，采用车桥振动特性计算程序，对公路上常规的简支梁桥与简支转连续梁桥的动力工作性能进行对比分析，得出动力特性量化分析结论。
基于结构力学分析结论，推导得出简支转连续梁桥混凝土徐变内力效应、温度内力效应以及预应力内力效应计算公式，并且针对简支转连续梁桥的体系形成过程及力学特点，得到该结构在简支阶段、体系转换阶段及成桥阶段的挠度变形公式，并提出针对简支转连续梁桥预拱度设置方法。论文结合富绥松花江大桥引桥工程进行了现场实桥跟踪测试对比分析，结果证明论文公式法可以满足简支转连续梁桥的线形控制的需求。
简支转连续梁桥在体系转换阶段及成桥阶段，由于徐变、温度变化、负弯矩预应力张拉等因素的影响，结构将产生一系列的内力重分布现象，并伴随着变形的发生。论文对简支转连续梁桥由于混凝土徐变、局部温度变化以及负弯矩预应力束张拉引起的结构内力重分布规律及影响因素进行了分析，并提出合理的设计建议。
简支转连续梁桥施工中有许多关键控制环节需要进行深入的研究。首先，论文针对施工中预制梁加载龄期与静置时间无序的现状展开研究，结合有限元方法分析预制梁加载龄期及静置时间对后期结构的内力影响规律。其次，对预制部分及现浇接头部分混凝土龄期差导致的收缩变形差对结构内力的影响，以及对接头处混凝土浇筑时合拢温度的影响进行了理论分析及有限元计算，并提出相应的工程建议。最后，通过有限元方法对简支转连续梁桥合理施工工艺进行优化研究，得出一次浇筑、隔跨张拉及隔跨拆除临时支座的合理施工工序。
针对体内预应力接头形式单一、且存在耐久性隐患的现状，通过理论分析及模型梁试验的方法探讨了体外预应力接头的构造形式及合理性，开创性的提出了体外预应力现浇接头的设计方法，提出了体外束极限应力增量计算公式及极限弯矩计算公式，并将体外预应力现浇接头的研究成果应用于齐泰公路塔子城互通工程AK0+501.396匝道试验桥的建设中。通过荷载试验，证明了研究成果的实用性。
以上论文的研究成果将增进对简支转连续梁桥体系特点的了解，有助于该类桥梁的精细化设计与施工，也可丰富简支转连续体系桥梁的研究框架及内容，希望能为工程实际中面临的诸多问题提供参考。
Simple-continuous girder bridge has the advantages of simply-supported girderbridge and continuous bridge, which has already a large proportion in concretegirder bridge. However, the research on some key problems of this system bridge islagger than the engineering practice actually. As a result, the inherent characteristicsof the simple-continuous bridge known by people are less than that ofsimply-surpported girder bridge and cast-in-site contiuous girder bridge. Forexample, structure dynamic performance evaluation system and the analysisconclusion of the simple-continuous girder are not perfect, and the internal forceand deformation calculation method have not been proposed. The study ofredistribution of internal force failed to reach a unified consensus, and theconstruction process of some key technology lacks based on the necessarymechanics analysis. The technology of joint at top pier position has a single form,and the durability has certain hidden trouble at present. Moreover, existing researchresults are too limited to meet the requirement of engineeerings.
Based on the inherent characteristics of the simple-continuous bridge structuralsystem, the dynamic working performance, structure computational method,secondary inner force redistribution regulation, reasonable construction controltechnology and post-connecting joint form etc. are researched in this dissertation.
According to the latest specification and research results home and abroad,based on dynamic mechanical theory, the vibration amplitute, acceleration andimpact factor are viewed as evaluation indexes of dynamic working performance.By selecting representative bridge samples and vehicle samples and usingvehicle-bridge vibration calculation program, a large number of calculations arecarried out and analyzed, the dynamic quantitative analysis conclusion has beenobtained.
Based on structural mechanics analysis conclusions, the calculation method ofinternal force effect, creep of concrete, temperature stress effect and prestressedforce effect of the bridge are obtained. According to the simple-continuous girderbridge system forming process and mechanics characteristics, the actionalmechanism and influencial rules of creep effect, temperature effect and prestressing effect are studied, and the simplified calculation formulas, such as creep inner forceeffect, temperature inner force effect and prestressing inner force effect anddeflection in simple supported stage, system conversion stage as well as using stage,have been launched, and pre-camber settings method are also put forward. In orderto test the results, the conclusions were certified by the tracking and testing resultsduring the construction of Fusui Songhuajiang River Bridge.
Simple-continuous girder bridge in system conversion stage and completionstage, due to the creep, temperature changes, negative bending prestressed tensionand other factors, the structure will produce a series of internal force redistribution,and accompanied with the occurrence of deformation. Study on structural internalforce redistribution rule and influence factors caused by concrete creep, localtemperature changes and negative bending of prestressed tension are analyzed, andthe reasonable suggestions for design are put forward.
A number of key technologies in construction stage of simple-continuousgirder bridge need to be studied. On the one hand, the disorder for engineering inprecast girder loading age and standing time are studied with FEM so as to find outthe rule of influence on structure inner force. On the other hand, the impact ofconcrete shrinkage deformation differencial from the age differential on thestructure internal forces between the prefabricated parts and cast-in-site parts, andclosure temperature influence in joint have been researched with theorial analysisand FEM, and the proposals to the reasonable construction are proposed.Furthermore, the reasonable construction conversion process of simple-continuousbridge is optimized and the reasonable construction process finally is acquired, thatis, pouring one time, tension and dismantle the temporary bearings in double space.
According to the defects of single joint form and duribility of thesimple-continuous bridge, the externally prestressed joint form and reasonability arestudied by theoretical analysis,model beam and experiment bridge testing. Then theprestressed cast-in-place joint design method is put forward, and the computationalequation of the ultimate stress increment and ultimate bending moment of externalprestressing cable are deduced. The results of research in this dissertation has beensuccessfully applied to the Qitai highway Tazi City interchange project AK0501.396ramp experiment bridge, which has been verified by dead and live loading tests.
The above research results may improve the knowledge system of simple-continuous girder bridge, and contribute to the fine design and constructionand also enrich research frame and content of this kind of bridge, which couldpresent reference for the engineering practice in the face of many problemsconsequently.
引文
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