商务成本对江苏省外商直接投资区位选择的影响分析
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摘要
资本流动在全球的资源配置中起着重要的作用,持续稳定的资本流入是经济可持续增长的有力保证。江苏省作为中国经济发展较快的地区之一,在吸引外商直接投资方面取得了巨大成就,但同时外商直接投资在地区分布上的不平衡性也阻碍了江苏省经济的持续发展。经国内外专家学者对FDI的长期研究发现,商务成本已成为影响外商直接投资在华区域分布的一个重要因素,而且近年来,对商务成本的研究已经成为一个全球性的热门话题。所以,商务成本的具体概念是什么,目前江苏省各地级市的商务成本现状如何,商务成本是怎样影响外商直接投资在江苏省内的分布的,这些问题都值得进行深入研究和探讨。
本文在国内外学者对商务成本以及外商直接投资区位分布的相关理论研究基础上,首先使用规范分析法将商务成本定义为任何性质的企业在开办以及经营期所产生的有形费用和所承担的影响企业运营效率的无形成本的总和,并将商务成本分为有形商务成本和无形商务成本两类,其中有形商务成本包括土地成本、劳动力成本、运营成本和税负负担,而无形成本包括优惠政策指数、政府行政效率、基础设施完备度。
然后本文采用比较分析法,分析和比较了江苏省外资分布以及商务成本现状,发现外资充裕的苏州、南京、无锡等市在无形商务成本方面具有优势,而外资较为贫乏的宿迁、淮安等市却在有形商务成本方面占有优势。
接着本文对江苏省各市的商务成本进行打分和排名,结果显示苏州、无锡、南京的整体商务成本较低,而淮安和宿迁的整体商务成本较高.另外,本文运用相关性分析法,以江苏省13个地级市为研究对象,搜集数据,建立计量模型,分析商务成本各个指标与外商直接投资分布之间的关系。研究表明,土地成本和外商直接投资之间存在正向关系,劳动力成本对外商直接投资的影响不明确,而商务成本的其他指标与外商直接投资之间存在负相关关系,另外还表明市场容量与外商直接投资之间存在显著的正相关关系。
最后在对全文进行总结的基础上,结合研究结果本文提出应该采取各种措施有效控制商务成本,同时结合各地区商务成本的结构特征有针对性的吸引外商直接投资,并为其营造高效的市场环境和投资环境。
Capital flows plays an important role in the global allocation of resources, moreover sustainable and stable capital flows is a powerful guarantee for sustainable economic growth. As one of the regions in China with most rapid economic development, Jiangsu Province has made great achievements in attracting FDI, while adversely the non-equilibrium distribution of FDI in this area also discourage its sustained economic development. After long-term study on FDI by experts and scholars from home and abroad, it is found that commercial costs have turned out to be an important factor which have an impact on the regional distribution of foreign capital in China. Moreover in recent years, studies on commercial costs have become a hot topic around the world. Therefore, it is worth to studying and discussing that what the specific concept of commercial costs is, what the current status of commercial costs in each city in Jiangsu Province are and how the commercial costs affect the distribution of FDI within Jiangsu province.
Based on the theories of commercial costs and location distribution of FDI studied by scholars at home and abroad, this thesis firstly defined commercial costs as the sum of tangible fees and intangible costs arising from start-up and operating period by enterprises of any nature by standard analysis, and divided commercial into tangible costs and intangible costs. Tangible costs include land costs, labor costs, operating costs and tax burdens, while intangible costs include preferential policies index, government administrative efficiency and infrastructure status.
Then this thesis uses comparative analysis to analyze the distribution of foreign investment in Jiangsu Province as well as the status of commercial costs. It is found that Suzhou, Nanjing, Wuxi and other cities with adequate FDI have advantages in intangible costs, while adversly Suqian and Huai'an which is poor at FDI have advantages in tangible costs.
This thesis also scores and ranks the commercial costs for cities of Jiangsu province, and the results showed that commercial costs are lower in Suzhou, Wuxi and Nanjing than the cities of Suqian and Huai'an. Otherwise, through correlation analysis, taking the 13 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province as research objects, this thesis collects data, establishes model to analyze the relationship between the various indicators of commercial costs and the distribution of FDI and draw out some conclusions. Results have shown that positive relationship exists between land costs and FDI, while negative relationship exists between other indicators and FDI except labor costs which have an uncertain relationship with FDI. Moreover, market capacity has a significant positive impact on FDI. In the end, on the basis of a full-text summary and the empirical results, this thesis proposes that various activities should be taken to control commercial costs, and different cities should attract FDI coordinated with their own commercial costs structure. Finally, we should create an efficient market environment and investment climate for FDI.
本文在国内外学者对商务成本以及外商直接投资区位分布的相关理论研究基础上,首先使用规范分析法将商务成本定义为任何性质的企业在开办以及经营期所产生的有形费用和所承担的影响企业运营效率的无形成本的总和,并将商务成本分为有形商务成本和无形商务成本两类,其中有形商务成本包括土地成本、劳动力成本、运营成本和税负负担,而无形成本包括优惠政策指数、政府行政效率、基础设施完备度。
然后本文采用比较分析法,分析和比较了江苏省外资分布以及商务成本现状,发现外资充裕的苏州、南京、无锡等市在无形商务成本方面具有优势,而外资较为贫乏的宿迁、淮安等市却在有形商务成本方面占有优势。
接着本文对江苏省各市的商务成本进行打分和排名,结果显示苏州、无锡、南京的整体商务成本较低,而淮安和宿迁的整体商务成本较高.另外,本文运用相关性分析法,以江苏省13个地级市为研究对象,搜集数据,建立计量模型,分析商务成本各个指标与外商直接投资分布之间的关系。研究表明,土地成本和外商直接投资之间存在正向关系,劳动力成本对外商直接投资的影响不明确,而商务成本的其他指标与外商直接投资之间存在负相关关系,另外还表明市场容量与外商直接投资之间存在显著的正相关关系。
最后在对全文进行总结的基础上,结合研究结果本文提出应该采取各种措施有效控制商务成本,同时结合各地区商务成本的结构特征有针对性的吸引外商直接投资,并为其营造高效的市场环境和投资环境。
Capital flows plays an important role in the global allocation of resources, moreover sustainable and stable capital flows is a powerful guarantee for sustainable economic growth. As one of the regions in China with most rapid economic development, Jiangsu Province has made great achievements in attracting FDI, while adversely the non-equilibrium distribution of FDI in this area also discourage its sustained economic development. After long-term study on FDI by experts and scholars from home and abroad, it is found that commercial costs have turned out to be an important factor which have an impact on the regional distribution of foreign capital in China. Moreover in recent years, studies on commercial costs have become a hot topic around the world. Therefore, it is worth to studying and discussing that what the specific concept of commercial costs is, what the current status of commercial costs in each city in Jiangsu Province are and how the commercial costs affect the distribution of FDI within Jiangsu province.
Based on the theories of commercial costs and location distribution of FDI studied by scholars at home and abroad, this thesis firstly defined commercial costs as the sum of tangible fees and intangible costs arising from start-up and operating period by enterprises of any nature by standard analysis, and divided commercial into tangible costs and intangible costs. Tangible costs include land costs, labor costs, operating costs and tax burdens, while intangible costs include preferential policies index, government administrative efficiency and infrastructure status.
Then this thesis uses comparative analysis to analyze the distribution of foreign investment in Jiangsu Province as well as the status of commercial costs. It is found that Suzhou, Nanjing, Wuxi and other cities with adequate FDI have advantages in intangible costs, while adversly Suqian and Huai'an which is poor at FDI have advantages in tangible costs.
This thesis also scores and ranks the commercial costs for cities of Jiangsu province, and the results showed that commercial costs are lower in Suzhou, Wuxi and Nanjing than the cities of Suqian and Huai'an. Otherwise, through correlation analysis, taking the 13 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province as research objects, this thesis collects data, establishes model to analyze the relationship between the various indicators of commercial costs and the distribution of FDI and draw out some conclusions. Results have shown that positive relationship exists between land costs and FDI, while negative relationship exists between other indicators and FDI except labor costs which have an uncertain relationship with FDI. Moreover, market capacity has a significant positive impact on FDI. In the end, on the basis of a full-text summary and the empirical results, this thesis proposes that various activities should be taken to control commercial costs, and different cities should attract FDI coordinated with their own commercial costs structure. Finally, we should create an efficient market environment and investment climate for FDI.
引文
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