冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁的试验及数值模拟研究
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摘要
近年来，国际上时有报道的恐怖袭击给社会和人们生命财产安全构成了很大的威胁，地震、海啸，泥石流等自然灾害，及其次生灾害对建筑结构造成严重破坏的事件也屡见报道。钢筋混凝土结构作为普遍采用的工程结构，面对冲击、爆炸等非设计荷载的可能性正日益受到关注，开展钢筋混凝土结构抗冲击性能的研究十分必要。
1.混凝土材料在高应变率荷载作用时，所表现出来的强非线性特性是研究钢筋混凝土结构抗冲击性能的一个障碍。而冲击荷载作用下，混凝土结构及构件的动态数据获取同样是摆在研究者面前的一道难题。本文设计并完成了一组混凝土圆柱体试件的落锤冲击试验，为了改进测试精度，本文设计、制作并标定了一种以聚四氟乙烯（PVDF）压电薄膜作为敏感元件的应力计。在混凝土圆柱体落锤冲击试验中，应用该传感器成功的获取了混凝土动态应力-应变全曲线。
2.利用显示有限元软件LS-DYNA，对混凝土圆柱体冲击试验进行了仿真分析，利用PVDF传感器获取的应力-应变全过程曲线，对混凝土连续面盖帽模型(CSCM)进行了参数优化，计算结果表明，采用参数优化后的CSCM模型，其计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。
3.完成了一组钢筋混凝土铰支约束梁的静载试验，给出了试验梁承载能力、跨中位移、失效耗能以及破坏形态。采用塑性分析方法对加载过程中试验梁跨中截面的混凝土受压区高度变化及轴力进行了计算和分析。静载试验结果表明：铰支约束梁在加载过程中出现明显的压拱效应。随着跨中位移的发展，压拱作用逐渐过渡到以纵向钢筋受拉为主要传力机制的悬索作用。铰支试验梁在加载过程中，通过弯矩-轴力作用将荷载传递到支座，具有良好的耗能特性。采用参数优化的CSCM模型对加载过程进行的数值仿真分析结果同样也印证了这一点，仿真计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。
4.对相同设计参数的另一组钢筋混凝土铰支约束梁完成了落锤冲击试验，获得锤头冲击力时程、跨中位移时程、梁体支座处钢筋及混凝土应变时程曲线，利用高速摄影机对破坏过程进行了影像记录。这些数据为进一步理解钢筋混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的受力特性、破坏特征，以及为钢筋混凝土结构在冲击荷载作用下的仿真分析提供了数据支持。利用LS-DYNA对冲击加载试验进行了全过程仿真分析，采用参数优化后的混凝土连续面盖帽模型(CSCM)对试验工况进行计算，计算结果表明，优化后的混凝土连续面盖帽模型在低速冲击条件下，具有很好的计算精度。通过改变有限元模型参数的大量计算，得到了不同配筋情况的铰支约束梁临界破坏耗能。通过对计算结果的归纳和分析，给出了铰支约束梁抗冲击的简化计算公式。提出了一种考虑损伤的抗力滞回模型，结合静力试验梁荷载-位移曲线，采用等效单自由度方法对试验梁冲击过程进行了非线性时程分析，计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。
Over the past decade, social security, people’s lives and property were often exposed tothe threat of terrorist attacks. Eathquakes, tsunamis, landslides and other natural disasters, aswell as their secondary disasters which caused severe damage to structures had been reportedfrequently. The probability of reinforced concrete structures exposed to the impact loading,explosion shock and other non-design loading is increasing. Therefore, to carry out the studyof the impact resistance of reinforced concrete structures is very important and necessary.
1. Concrete material under high strain rate loading is demonstrated the strong nonlinearcharacteristics, which is a barrier to study the impact resistance performance of reinforcedconcrete structures. In addition, dynamic data acquisition is still a challenging issue forresearchers. However, for improving the measurement accuracy, a new Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) based stress gauge is developed to measure concrete stresses under impactloading. Calibrated on a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), the PVDF gauge was then usedto establish dynamic stress-strain curves of concrete cylinders from a series of axial impacttesting on a drop-hammer test facility.
2. A series of numerical simulations were conducted to FE model of concrete cylindersby explicit finite element program ls-dyna. Using the dynamic stress-strain curves measuredby PVDF gauges, parameters of concrete continuous cap model (CSCM) had been optimized.The simulation results shown that, by using the optimized parameters of CSCM model, thesimulation results coincided with test results pretty well.
3. In order to study the anti-collapse performance of hinged RC beams, a series of staticloading tests were carried out. During the tests, load-carrying capacity, mid-span displacement,absorbed energy, failure types and crack propagation pattern have been recorded. The heightvariation of the concrete compression zone at mid-span cross-section and the axial force ofthe RC beams were calculated and analyzed, failure mechanism of hinged RC beams understatic loading was also discussed. The static test results showed that: at the beginning of theloading process, compressive arch action within hinged RC beams had been quickly formedwhen the test RC beams exceeded the elastic stage. Subsequently, with the development ofmid-span displacement, the stress state of the hinged RC beams gradual transition to catenaryaction stage. During the loading process, hinged RC beam showed good energy absorptionperformance because external load can be effectively delivered to the nearby support by axialforce and external input energy also can be dissipated by large deformation and cracking of hinged RC beams. By using optimized CSCM model, the numerical simulation analysisresults of loading process also confirmed this.
4. A series of impact tests on hinged RC beams which have the same sizes andreinforments with the static loading beams are carried out on the large-scale drop-hammer testfacility at Hunan University. During the test, signal of impact force, mid-span displacement,strain of concrete and reinforced bars at supports have been measured. The failure process ofhinged RC beams during the test have been captured by high-speed camera. Thisexperimental study aimed at better understanding of the dynamic behavior of hinged RCbeams under impact loading. These data can also be very helpful for improving thecalculation accuracy of the numerical simulation for RC beams under impact loading. Anumerical simulation are carried out on hinged RC beams subjected to impact loading.Results from the simulations showed acceptable accuracy of optimized CSCM model inlow-speed impact range. By changing the reinforcement ratio of the finite element beamsduring numerical simulations, the critical failure energy of hinged RC beams under impactloading had been captured. Base on the simulation results, a simplify calculation formulaabout hinged RC beam under impact loading had been derived. Meanwhile, a resistancehysteresis model of Hinged RC beam has been proposed. With the resistance hysteresis modeland the load vs mid-span displacement curves measured from static test of hinged RC beams,the impact loading process have been analysed by using single degree of freedom method.
1.混凝土材料在高应变率荷载作用时，所表现出来的强非线性特性是研究钢筋混凝土结构抗冲击性能的一个障碍。而冲击荷载作用下，混凝土结构及构件的动态数据获取同样是摆在研究者面前的一道难题。本文设计并完成了一组混凝土圆柱体试件的落锤冲击试验，为了改进测试精度，本文设计、制作并标定了一种以聚四氟乙烯（PVDF）压电薄膜作为敏感元件的应力计。在混凝土圆柱体落锤冲击试验中，应用该传感器成功的获取了混凝土动态应力-应变全曲线。
2.利用显示有限元软件LS-DYNA，对混凝土圆柱体冲击试验进行了仿真分析，利用PVDF传感器获取的应力-应变全过程曲线，对混凝土连续面盖帽模型(CSCM)进行了参数优化，计算结果表明，采用参数优化后的CSCM模型，其计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。
3.完成了一组钢筋混凝土铰支约束梁的静载试验，给出了试验梁承载能力、跨中位移、失效耗能以及破坏形态。采用塑性分析方法对加载过程中试验梁跨中截面的混凝土受压区高度变化及轴力进行了计算和分析。静载试验结果表明：铰支约束梁在加载过程中出现明显的压拱效应。随着跨中位移的发展，压拱作用逐渐过渡到以纵向钢筋受拉为主要传力机制的悬索作用。铰支试验梁在加载过程中，通过弯矩-轴力作用将荷载传递到支座，具有良好的耗能特性。采用参数优化的CSCM模型对加载过程进行的数值仿真分析结果同样也印证了这一点，仿真计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。
4.对相同设计参数的另一组钢筋混凝土铰支约束梁完成了落锤冲击试验，获得锤头冲击力时程、跨中位移时程、梁体支座处钢筋及混凝土应变时程曲线，利用高速摄影机对破坏过程进行了影像记录。这些数据为进一步理解钢筋混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的受力特性、破坏特征，以及为钢筋混凝土结构在冲击荷载作用下的仿真分析提供了数据支持。利用LS-DYNA对冲击加载试验进行了全过程仿真分析，采用参数优化后的混凝土连续面盖帽模型(CSCM)对试验工况进行计算，计算结果表明，优化后的混凝土连续面盖帽模型在低速冲击条件下，具有很好的计算精度。通过改变有限元模型参数的大量计算，得到了不同配筋情况的铰支约束梁临界破坏耗能。通过对计算结果的归纳和分析，给出了铰支约束梁抗冲击的简化计算公式。提出了一种考虑损伤的抗力滞回模型，结合静力试验梁荷载-位移曲线，采用等效单自由度方法对试验梁冲击过程进行了非线性时程分析，计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。
Over the past decade, social security, people’s lives and property were often exposed tothe threat of terrorist attacks. Eathquakes, tsunamis, landslides and other natural disasters, aswell as their secondary disasters which caused severe damage to structures had been reportedfrequently. The probability of reinforced concrete structures exposed to the impact loading,explosion shock and other non-design loading is increasing. Therefore, to carry out the studyof the impact resistance of reinforced concrete structures is very important and necessary.
1. Concrete material under high strain rate loading is demonstrated the strong nonlinearcharacteristics, which is a barrier to study the impact resistance performance of reinforcedconcrete structures. In addition, dynamic data acquisition is still a challenging issue forresearchers. However, for improving the measurement accuracy, a new Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) based stress gauge is developed to measure concrete stresses under impactloading. Calibrated on a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), the PVDF gauge was then usedto establish dynamic stress-strain curves of concrete cylinders from a series of axial impacttesting on a drop-hammer test facility.
2. A series of numerical simulations were conducted to FE model of concrete cylindersby explicit finite element program ls-dyna. Using the dynamic stress-strain curves measuredby PVDF gauges, parameters of concrete continuous cap model (CSCM) had been optimized.The simulation results shown that, by using the optimized parameters of CSCM model, thesimulation results coincided with test results pretty well.
3. In order to study the anti-collapse performance of hinged RC beams, a series of staticloading tests were carried out. During the tests, load-carrying capacity, mid-span displacement,absorbed energy, failure types and crack propagation pattern have been recorded. The heightvariation of the concrete compression zone at mid-span cross-section and the axial force ofthe RC beams were calculated and analyzed, failure mechanism of hinged RC beams understatic loading was also discussed. The static test results showed that: at the beginning of theloading process, compressive arch action within hinged RC beams had been quickly formedwhen the test RC beams exceeded the elastic stage. Subsequently, with the development ofmid-span displacement, the stress state of the hinged RC beams gradual transition to catenaryaction stage. During the loading process, hinged RC beam showed good energy absorptionperformance because external load can be effectively delivered to the nearby support by axialforce and external input energy also can be dissipated by large deformation and cracking of hinged RC beams. By using optimized CSCM model, the numerical simulation analysisresults of loading process also confirmed this.
4. A series of impact tests on hinged RC beams which have the same sizes andreinforments with the static loading beams are carried out on the large-scale drop-hammer testfacility at Hunan University. During the test, signal of impact force, mid-span displacement,strain of concrete and reinforced bars at supports have been measured. The failure process ofhinged RC beams during the test have been captured by high-speed camera. Thisexperimental study aimed at better understanding of the dynamic behavior of hinged RCbeams under impact loading. These data can also be very helpful for improving thecalculation accuracy of the numerical simulation for RC beams under impact loading. Anumerical simulation are carried out on hinged RC beams subjected to impact loading.Results from the simulations showed acceptable accuracy of optimized CSCM model inlow-speed impact range. By changing the reinforcement ratio of the finite element beamsduring numerical simulations, the critical failure energy of hinged RC beams under impactloading had been captured. Base on the simulation results, a simplify calculation formulaabout hinged RC beam under impact loading had been derived. Meanwhile, a resistancehysteresis model of Hinged RC beam has been proposed. With the resistance hysteresis modeland the load vs mid-span displacement curves measured from static test of hinged RC beams,the impact loading process have been analysed by using single degree of freedom method.
引文
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