反爆炸反应装甲理论与关键技术研究
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摘要
近几年的局部战争表明坦克和装甲车辆等现代装甲目标仍是地面战场上的主要作战系统。随着爆炸反应装甲广泛的应用与装甲目标防护技术的发展,传统反装甲弹药的生存受到了极大的威胁,尤其是双层楔形爆炸反应装甲的出现,几乎使现有的反装甲武器的能力全部丧失。本文在对爆炸反应装甲作用场系统研究的基础上,提出了一种新型分离式反爆炸反应装甲技术方案,使现有反装甲弹药能可靠对付爆炸反应装甲,为新型反装甲弹药的跨越式发展奠定了基础。
论文在综合分析了国内外爆炸反应装甲的基础上,系统研究了单层、双层平行以及双层楔形爆炸反应装甲各金属靶板的运动规律、干扰方式和干扰时间,建立了爆炸反应装甲作用场理论模型。理论计算和试验验证研究表明,单层爆炸反应装甲金属靶板飞离弹轴的干扰时间与相对装甲板的距离有关,紧贴装甲板放置时干扰时间最短；双层平行爆炸反应装甲比单层爆炸反应装甲金属靶板飞离弹轴的干扰时间提升了5倍；双层楔形爆炸反应装甲比双层平行爆炸反应装甲金属靶板飞离弹轴的干扰时间又提升了38%；通过选择合适的楔形角和装甲板斜置角,双层楔形爆炸反应装甲干扰时间更长,甚至达毫秒量级。
论文在国内外现有串联反爆炸反应装甲技术的基础上,结合爆炸反应装甲作用场的研究结果,提出了一种新型反爆炸反应装甲方法——分离式反爆炸反应装甲方法,并建立了分离式反爆炸反应装甲理论。详细分析了分离式反爆炸反应装甲方法的分离距离、分离时间、相对分离速度等不同工况下的匹配关系。要使分离式反爆炸反应装甲方法能够应用在各种武器平台,分离距离应大于10m,分离时间控制在毫秒量级以内,相对分离速度要大于150m/s。随后论文对分离式反爆炸反应装甲方法的两个关键技术进行了研究。
发明了剪切环式爆炸点火快速分离装置。利用密闭爆发器原理和经典内弹道理论建立了快速分离发射过程的理论模型。通过理论计算获得了分离发射过程中各物理参数间的变化规律,并通过静态台架试验进行了验证。同时对分离时,分离过程对主战斗部的干扰进行了研究。结果表明：利用剪切环作为蓄压部件的爆炸点火快速分离时间可控制在毫秒量级以内,相对分离速度大于150m/s。分离式串联战斗部速度越高、质量越大、前级战斗部分离质量越小,快速分离过程对主战斗部稳定性影响越小。
论文基于M. Held单层爆炸反应装甲引爆判据,利用射流侵彻间隔靶理论和侵彻均质靶理论,并结合数值仿真和试验研究对斜置68°双层楔形爆炸反应装甲引爆机理进行研究。建立了射流侵彻斜置68°双层楔形爆炸反应装甲起爆判定准则。如果射流能穿透40mm的45#钢锭,入孔直径大于①7mm,出孔直径大于Φ4mm,侵彻总深度大于45mm,且射流动能大于4kJ,就可以引爆斜置68°的双层楔形爆炸反应装甲。
论文最后对分系统和全系统进行了动态试验验证,结果表明：前级战斗部可以实现快速分离,且分离可靠,分离后弹道一致性好；前级战斗部能可靠引爆斜置68°双层楔形爆炸反应装甲,后级主战斗部成功避开作用场的干扰后,击穿主装甲。验证了分离式反爆炸反应装甲技术的可行性。为今后该技术在各种反装甲武器平台的应用提供了极有价值的参考。
In recent years, local war shows that modern armored targets such as tanks and armored vehicles are still major combat system on the ground battlefield. With the application of ERA and the development of armor protection technology, the survival of traditional anti-armor ammunition is under threat, especially with the appearance of double wedge ERA, almost all existing anti-vehicle weapons lost ability. Based on the research of ERA applied field system, this paper raised technical solution of a new separated type anti-ERA, making existing anti-armor ammunition deal with ERA reliably and lying foundation of leapfrog development of new anti-ERA.
Based on comprehensive analysis of ERA at home and abroad, this paper studied movement rule, interference way and interference time of metal target board of single, double parallel and double wedge ERA systematically, and established movement model of ERA applied field. Theoretical calculation and experience verification show that, interference time of single ERA metal target board flying away from missile axis relate to the distance of relative armor plate, interference time is shortest when placing close to armor plate; the interference time of double parallel ERA is5times as much as interference time of single ERA metal target board flying away from missile axis; compared with double parallel ERA, interference time of double wedge ERA metal target board flying away from missile axis increases by38%; by selecting suitable wedge angle and armor plate oblique angle, interference time of double wedge ERA is longer, even reach to millisecond level.
Based on the existing technology of series anti-ERA, combined with research result of ERA applied field, this paper raised a new anti-ERA method-separated type anti-ERA, and established theory of separated type anti-ERA. This paper also analyzed matching relationship under different working conditions such as separation distance, separation time and relatively separation velocity of separated type anti-ERA method, obtained that to make separated type anti-ERA apply on all kinds of weapons platform, separation distance should be longer than10m, separation time should be controlled within milliseconds, relatively separation velocity should be greater than150m/s. Then this paper studied two key technology of separated type anti-ERA method.
Shear ring type explosion ignition rapid separating unit was invented. Using the classical interior ballistic theory and the principle of closed bomb vessel establish the theory model of rapid separation launch process. The change law of physical parameters during separation launch process was obtained by theoretical calculation and was verified by static test. At the same time, the interference of separation process on main warhead was studied. The results show that when use shear ring as storage pressure parts, the time of explosion ignition rapid separation can be controlled within milliseconds and relative separation speed is greater than150m/s. when separated type series warhead velocity is higher and its mass is bigger, the separation mass of front warhead is smaller, the rapid separation process has less influence on back warhead's stability.
Based on M. Held's signal ERA detonation criterion, used the theories of jet penetrating spaced targets and homogeneous target and combined with numerical simulation and experiment research, detonated mechanism of68°oblique double wedge ERA was studied. The detonation equivalent judgment method of jet penetrating68°oblique double wedge ERA was established. If jet can penetrate the40mm45#steel ingot, hand-hole diameter is greater than Φ7mm, the out hole diameter is greater than04mm, the total penetration depth is greater than45mm, and the jet kinetic energy is greater than4kJ, jet can set off68°oblique double wedge ERA.
The dynamic test was carried on subsystem and the whole system, and the results show that the front warhead can achieve rapid and reliable separation and after the separation, ballistic consistency was good; the front warhead can detonate reliably68°oblique double wedge ERA, the back warhead can avoid successfully interference of the applied field to breakdown main armor. The feasibility of separated anti-ERA technology is verified. It provides a valuable reference for the future application of this technology in all sorts of anti-armor weapons platform.
论文在综合分析了国内外爆炸反应装甲的基础上,系统研究了单层、双层平行以及双层楔形爆炸反应装甲各金属靶板的运动规律、干扰方式和干扰时间,建立了爆炸反应装甲作用场理论模型。理论计算和试验验证研究表明,单层爆炸反应装甲金属靶板飞离弹轴的干扰时间与相对装甲板的距离有关,紧贴装甲板放置时干扰时间最短；双层平行爆炸反应装甲比单层爆炸反应装甲金属靶板飞离弹轴的干扰时间提升了5倍；双层楔形爆炸反应装甲比双层平行爆炸反应装甲金属靶板飞离弹轴的干扰时间又提升了38%；通过选择合适的楔形角和装甲板斜置角,双层楔形爆炸反应装甲干扰时间更长,甚至达毫秒量级。
论文在国内外现有串联反爆炸反应装甲技术的基础上,结合爆炸反应装甲作用场的研究结果,提出了一种新型反爆炸反应装甲方法——分离式反爆炸反应装甲方法,并建立了分离式反爆炸反应装甲理论。详细分析了分离式反爆炸反应装甲方法的分离距离、分离时间、相对分离速度等不同工况下的匹配关系。要使分离式反爆炸反应装甲方法能够应用在各种武器平台,分离距离应大于10m,分离时间控制在毫秒量级以内,相对分离速度要大于150m/s。随后论文对分离式反爆炸反应装甲方法的两个关键技术进行了研究。
发明了剪切环式爆炸点火快速分离装置。利用密闭爆发器原理和经典内弹道理论建立了快速分离发射过程的理论模型。通过理论计算获得了分离发射过程中各物理参数间的变化规律,并通过静态台架试验进行了验证。同时对分离时,分离过程对主战斗部的干扰进行了研究。结果表明：利用剪切环作为蓄压部件的爆炸点火快速分离时间可控制在毫秒量级以内,相对分离速度大于150m/s。分离式串联战斗部速度越高、质量越大、前级战斗部分离质量越小,快速分离过程对主战斗部稳定性影响越小。
论文基于M. Held单层爆炸反应装甲引爆判据,利用射流侵彻间隔靶理论和侵彻均质靶理论,并结合数值仿真和试验研究对斜置68°双层楔形爆炸反应装甲引爆机理进行研究。建立了射流侵彻斜置68°双层楔形爆炸反应装甲起爆判定准则。如果射流能穿透40mm的45#钢锭,入孔直径大于①7mm,出孔直径大于Φ4mm,侵彻总深度大于45mm,且射流动能大于4kJ,就可以引爆斜置68°的双层楔形爆炸反应装甲。
论文最后对分系统和全系统进行了动态试验验证,结果表明：前级战斗部可以实现快速分离,且分离可靠,分离后弹道一致性好；前级战斗部能可靠引爆斜置68°双层楔形爆炸反应装甲,后级主战斗部成功避开作用场的干扰后,击穿主装甲。验证了分离式反爆炸反应装甲技术的可行性。为今后该技术在各种反装甲武器平台的应用提供了极有价值的参考。
In recent years, local war shows that modern armored targets such as tanks and armored vehicles are still major combat system on the ground battlefield. With the application of ERA and the development of armor protection technology, the survival of traditional anti-armor ammunition is under threat, especially with the appearance of double wedge ERA, almost all existing anti-vehicle weapons lost ability. Based on the research of ERA applied field system, this paper raised technical solution of a new separated type anti-ERA, making existing anti-armor ammunition deal with ERA reliably and lying foundation of leapfrog development of new anti-ERA.
Based on comprehensive analysis of ERA at home and abroad, this paper studied movement rule, interference way and interference time of metal target board of single, double parallel and double wedge ERA systematically, and established movement model of ERA applied field. Theoretical calculation and experience verification show that, interference time of single ERA metal target board flying away from missile axis relate to the distance of relative armor plate, interference time is shortest when placing close to armor plate; the interference time of double parallel ERA is5times as much as interference time of single ERA metal target board flying away from missile axis; compared with double parallel ERA, interference time of double wedge ERA metal target board flying away from missile axis increases by38%; by selecting suitable wedge angle and armor plate oblique angle, interference time of double wedge ERA is longer, even reach to millisecond level.
Based on the existing technology of series anti-ERA, combined with research result of ERA applied field, this paper raised a new anti-ERA method-separated type anti-ERA, and established theory of separated type anti-ERA. This paper also analyzed matching relationship under different working conditions such as separation distance, separation time and relatively separation velocity of separated type anti-ERA method, obtained that to make separated type anti-ERA apply on all kinds of weapons platform, separation distance should be longer than10m, separation time should be controlled within milliseconds, relatively separation velocity should be greater than150m/s. Then this paper studied two key technology of separated type anti-ERA method.
Shear ring type explosion ignition rapid separating unit was invented. Using the classical interior ballistic theory and the principle of closed bomb vessel establish the theory model of rapid separation launch process. The change law of physical parameters during separation launch process was obtained by theoretical calculation and was verified by static test. At the same time, the interference of separation process on main warhead was studied. The results show that when use shear ring as storage pressure parts, the time of explosion ignition rapid separation can be controlled within milliseconds and relative separation speed is greater than150m/s. when separated type series warhead velocity is higher and its mass is bigger, the separation mass of front warhead is smaller, the rapid separation process has less influence on back warhead's stability.
Based on M. Held's signal ERA detonation criterion, used the theories of jet penetrating spaced targets and homogeneous target and combined with numerical simulation and experiment research, detonated mechanism of68°oblique double wedge ERA was studied. The detonation equivalent judgment method of jet penetrating68°oblique double wedge ERA was established. If jet can penetrate the40mm45#steel ingot, hand-hole diameter is greater than Φ7mm, the out hole diameter is greater than04mm, the total penetration depth is greater than45mm, and the jet kinetic energy is greater than4kJ, jet can set off68°oblique double wedge ERA.
The dynamic test was carried on subsystem and the whole system, and the results show that the front warhead can achieve rapid and reliable separation and after the separation, ballistic consistency was good; the front warhead can detonate reliably68°oblique double wedge ERA, the back warhead can avoid successfully interference of the applied field to breakdown main armor. The feasibility of separated anti-ERA technology is verified. It provides a valuable reference for the future application of this technology in all sorts of anti-armor weapons platform.
引文
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