干旱对丹参的生长及有效成分积累的影响
摘要
丹参( Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)为中国重要的传统中草药之一,其药用成分主要为次生代谢物。植物次生代谢物主要在逆境下大量产生,而干旱是最重要的环境胁迫因子之一,对植物的生长和产量都有十分巨大的影响。不同程度的水分胁迫对植物造成的影响有所不同。所以本研究的主要目的是,通过对丹参在不同水分缺失程度下的生长发育状况及有效成分的动态积累的研究,为丹参实际生产过程中利用灌溉量调节有效成分的积累提供研究思路和技术参考,并为丹参抗旱机理的研究提供基础性理论。
本研究采用人工大棚盆栽控水法进行,于2010年3月中旬移栽180d左右的商洛丹参幼苗,5月开始控水实验。实验共分为三个处理,每个处理35个重复,分别为适宜水分(田间最大持水量的70%)、中度胁迫(田间最大持水量的55%)和重度胁迫(田间最大持水量的40%)。每5天直接用直尺测量株高、叶长,从5月到7月底每20天采样一次测定其组织含水量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)及地上部分和地下部分的有效成分的积累量,8月后每10天采样测定一次。本研究的结果如下:
(1)水分胁迫能显著抑制丹参地上部分的伸长生长。三组处理的耗水量变化趋势一致,适宜水分处理组的耗水量最高,中度胁迫次之,重度胁迫最低。在本实验中总体SOD活性大小为:重度胁迫最高,中度次之,适宜最低,说明SOD活性在水分胁迫下升高抵御伤害;而CAT和POD活性总体上均是适宜水分处理组的最高,说明丹参中的CAT和POD在清除由干旱胁迫引起的氧自由基时反应不明显。
(2)本研究结果表明:重度胁迫下丹参地上部分丹参素钠、原儿茶醛和迷迭香酸含量较高,而丹酚酸B在中度胁迫下积累量更高,所以总体来说重度胁迫下丹参地上部分水溶性成分的积累量较高;丹参根中丹酚酸B、丹参素钠和迷迭香酸在中度胁迫下的积累量较高,而原儿茶醛含量在三组中差异不显著,说明中度水分胁迫下丹参根中水溶性成分含量较高,原儿茶醛在根中的积累受水分胁迫的影响不大。
(3)在本实验中,未能在丹参的地上部分检测出脂溶性成分,而根中的含量较高。并且在适宜水分下,丹参酮ⅡA、二氢丹参酮和丹参酮Ⅰ的积累量较高;隐丹参酮在中度水分胁迫下含量较高。所以总体上适宜水分下丹参脂溶性成分的积累量较高。
Salvia miltiorrhiza( Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is one of the important traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The pharmaceutical composition in it is mainly secondary metabolites which are always produced under the stress. And drought is the most important environmental stress factors, the effects of drought on the growth and yield of plants is very huge. Effects of different levels of water stress on the plants are different. The main purpose of this study is to provide the research ideas and technical reference for the use of irrigation volume control the accumulation of active ingredients at the actual production process. And provide the basal theory for the mechanism of Salvia drought.
This research uses the water stress experiment with pot culture to do it. I transplanted the Salvia seeding which is about 180d old to the pot in mid-March 2010. This kind of Salvia seeding is from Shangluo city. And the water control experiment began in May. Experiments were divided into three treatments and each of them would have 35 repeat. These treatments respectively are suitable for water (field water holding capacity of 70%), moderate stress (field water holding capacity of 55%) and severe stress (field water holding capacity of 40%). Measuring the height and the length of leaf by a ruler directly each five days, sampled once every 20 days to measure the water content , protective enzymes and the main accumulation of the secondary metabolites in the part of ground and underground from May to the end of July, and sampled once every 10 days from August to the mid-October. The protective enzymes are Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD).
The results of this study are as follows:
(1) The water stress inhibited the elongation of the aerial parts of Salvia. Water consumption in the three groups have the same trend, the highest water consumption is the suitable water treatment group, followed by moderate stress, severe stress minimum. In this study, the group of severe stress has the highest SOD activity, followed by moderate stress, suitable water treatment group minimum. So the SOD activity increased to resist damage under water stress. The activity of CAT and POD are highest for the suitable water treatment group. That tells us that the reactions of CAT and POD in Salvia miltiorrhiza are not obvious when they removal the oxygen from the water stress.
(2) The results showed that severe stress is more favorable to the water-soluble components accumulate in the aerial parts of Salvia. The accumulation of Sodium danshensu, Rosmarinic acid and Protocatechuic aldehyde are higher in the aboveground of Salvia miltiorrhiza when it under the severe stress. And the accumulation of Salvianolic acid B is highest in the the aboveground of Salvia miltiorrhiza when it under the moderate stress. The accumulation of Salvianolic acid B, Sodium danshensu and Rosmarinic acid are higher in the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza when it under the moderate stress. But the accumulation of Protocatechuic aldehyde in the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza is not significant between the three groups. Those results indicated that moderate water stress is more favorable to the water-soluble components accumulate of Salvia miltiorrhiza and the accumulation of Protocatechuic aldehyde in the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza is little effected by the water stress.
(3) In this study the aerial parts of Salvia failed to detect the fat-soluble components, while the roots were higher. And the accumulation of TanshinoneⅡA, Dihydro tanshinone and Tanshinone are higher in the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza when it under the suitable water stress. And Cryptotanshinone is higher when it under the moderate water stress. So overall the accumulation of the soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza is higher when it under the suitable water stress.
本研究采用人工大棚盆栽控水法进行,于2010年3月中旬移栽180d左右的商洛丹参幼苗,5月开始控水实验。实验共分为三个处理,每个处理35个重复,分别为适宜水分(田间最大持水量的70%)、中度胁迫(田间最大持水量的55%)和重度胁迫(田间最大持水量的40%)。每5天直接用直尺测量株高、叶长,从5月到7月底每20天采样一次测定其组织含水量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)及地上部分和地下部分的有效成分的积累量,8月后每10天采样测定一次。本研究的结果如下:
(1)水分胁迫能显著抑制丹参地上部分的伸长生长。三组处理的耗水量变化趋势一致,适宜水分处理组的耗水量最高,中度胁迫次之,重度胁迫最低。在本实验中总体SOD活性大小为:重度胁迫最高,中度次之,适宜最低,说明SOD活性在水分胁迫下升高抵御伤害;而CAT和POD活性总体上均是适宜水分处理组的最高,说明丹参中的CAT和POD在清除由干旱胁迫引起的氧自由基时反应不明显。
(2)本研究结果表明:重度胁迫下丹参地上部分丹参素钠、原儿茶醛和迷迭香酸含量较高,而丹酚酸B在中度胁迫下积累量更高,所以总体来说重度胁迫下丹参地上部分水溶性成分的积累量较高;丹参根中丹酚酸B、丹参素钠和迷迭香酸在中度胁迫下的积累量较高,而原儿茶醛含量在三组中差异不显著,说明中度水分胁迫下丹参根中水溶性成分含量较高,原儿茶醛在根中的积累受水分胁迫的影响不大。
(3)在本实验中,未能在丹参的地上部分检测出脂溶性成分,而根中的含量较高。并且在适宜水分下,丹参酮ⅡA、二氢丹参酮和丹参酮Ⅰ的积累量较高;隐丹参酮在中度水分胁迫下含量较高。所以总体上适宜水分下丹参脂溶性成分的积累量较高。
Salvia miltiorrhiza( Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is one of the important traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The pharmaceutical composition in it is mainly secondary metabolites which are always produced under the stress. And drought is the most important environmental stress factors, the effects of drought on the growth and yield of plants is very huge. Effects of different levels of water stress on the plants are different. The main purpose of this study is to provide the research ideas and technical reference for the use of irrigation volume control the accumulation of active ingredients at the actual production process. And provide the basal theory for the mechanism of Salvia drought.
This research uses the water stress experiment with pot culture to do it. I transplanted the Salvia seeding which is about 180d old to the pot in mid-March 2010. This kind of Salvia seeding is from Shangluo city. And the water control experiment began in May. Experiments were divided into three treatments and each of them would have 35 repeat. These treatments respectively are suitable for water (field water holding capacity of 70%), moderate stress (field water holding capacity of 55%) and severe stress (field water holding capacity of 40%). Measuring the height and the length of leaf by a ruler directly each five days, sampled once every 20 days to measure the water content , protective enzymes and the main accumulation of the secondary metabolites in the part of ground and underground from May to the end of July, and sampled once every 10 days from August to the mid-October. The protective enzymes are Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD).
The results of this study are as follows:
(1) The water stress inhibited the elongation of the aerial parts of Salvia. Water consumption in the three groups have the same trend, the highest water consumption is the suitable water treatment group, followed by moderate stress, severe stress minimum. In this study, the group of severe stress has the highest SOD activity, followed by moderate stress, suitable water treatment group minimum. So the SOD activity increased to resist damage under water stress. The activity of CAT and POD are highest for the suitable water treatment group. That tells us that the reactions of CAT and POD in Salvia miltiorrhiza are not obvious when they removal the oxygen from the water stress.
(2) The results showed that severe stress is more favorable to the water-soluble components accumulate in the aerial parts of Salvia. The accumulation of Sodium danshensu, Rosmarinic acid and Protocatechuic aldehyde are higher in the aboveground of Salvia miltiorrhiza when it under the severe stress. And the accumulation of Salvianolic acid B is highest in the the aboveground of Salvia miltiorrhiza when it under the moderate stress. The accumulation of Salvianolic acid B, Sodium danshensu and Rosmarinic acid are higher in the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza when it under the moderate stress. But the accumulation of Protocatechuic aldehyde in the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza is not significant between the three groups. Those results indicated that moderate water stress is more favorable to the water-soluble components accumulate of Salvia miltiorrhiza and the accumulation of Protocatechuic aldehyde in the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza is little effected by the water stress.
(3) In this study the aerial parts of Salvia failed to detect the fat-soluble components, while the roots were higher. And the accumulation of TanshinoneⅡA, Dihydro tanshinone and Tanshinone are higher in the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza when it under the suitable water stress. And Cryptotanshinone is higher when it under the moderate water stress. So overall the accumulation of the soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza is higher when it under the suitable water stress.
引文
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