基于MARPOL73/78附则Ⅵ的船用柴油机排放控制研究
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摘要
随着全球环境的日益恶化和人们环保意识的逐渐加强,控制发动机有害气体排放的要求日益强烈,船舶柴油机排放废气中的SO_x和NO_x等对大气环境造成的污染已引起国际社会广泛的关注。如何保护我们赖以生存的地球环境是目前人类面临的重要课题。为了防止、减少和控制船舶造成的大气污染,国际海事组织(IMO)近年来加紧了有关法规的制定,最终于1997年9月15至26日在IMO总部伦敦召开的MARPOL73/78缔约国大会上,批准了修订MARPOL73/78的1997年议定书,该议定书新增了《MARPOL73/78公约》附则Ⅵ—防止船舶造成空气污染规则,附则Ⅵ已于2005年5月19日起生效。
本文以《MARPOL73/78公约》附则Ⅵ全面生效为背景,分析了今后对船用柴油机的排放限制必将越来越严格的趋势。通过对船用柴油机废气排放中NOx生成机理的讨论,从柴油机结构、燃油和进气条件这三方面分析了其对船用柴油NOx排放特性的影响。介绍了G6300ZC16B船用柴油机废气排放测试的过程,在此基础上,分析了改进型G8300ZC30B船用柴油机NOx排放控制改进措施。根据试验测得的数据,对两种船用柴油机废气排放的规律进行比较,分析两者之间的相互关系,为以后船用柴油机废气排放的控制研究提供实例依据和研制参考。通过对实船检测的要点和优点分析,得出实船检测是控制船用柴油机废气排放的必然趋势。
1)讨论了船用柴油机NOx排放的影响因素、生成机理以及相应的排放控制技术,总结了当前进行柴油机排放控制的主要思路和方法。并且,在已有的排放控制技术的基础上,分析了重要零部件对柴油机排放特性的影响,为装船柴油机的维护、保养以及更换零部件后的发证检验提供了相关依据。
2)通过对G6300ZC16B船用柴油机采用的测试原理、仪器的校准以及试验过程、台架要求和测试规范等作了详细的说明,全面地介绍了附则Ⅵ实施的内容和要求,并对G6300ZC16B船用柴油机废气排放测试结果进行了分析。
3)介绍了改进型G8300ZC30B船用柴油机NOx排放控制改进措施。通过对G8300ZC30B船用柴油机废气排放测试结果的分析,验证了在设计时为了减少柴油机NOx的排放量,所采用的思路是合理可行的。
4)分析了随着世界环境状况的不断恶化,以及人们对环境保护意识的增强,国际上对船用柴油机的排放限制有愈来愈严格的趋势。通过对实船检测的要点和优点介绍,得出了船用柴油机进行实船测试具有不容回避的必然性的结论。
5)通过对G300船用柴油机废气排放的规律进行比较、分析,发现不论是在满负荷还是在部分负荷的条件下,随着喷油提前角的减小,NOx的排放量都有明显减少;同时柴油机性能对SOx排放的影响较小,燃油中的含硫量是影响SOx排放的主要因素。G8300ZC30B船用柴油机废气排放中NOx排放量的降低主要是由于减小喷油提前角所致,而SO2的排放量的降低主要是由于燃油中含硫量的减小所致。为以后船用柴油机废气排放的控制研究提供实例依据和研制参考。
Along with the world environmental worsening and environmental protection enhancing,the requests that control harmful emissions from engines are strongly increasing.At the same time,environment pollution problem caused by harmful emissions especially the NOx and SOx from marine diesel engine also remains a vital consideration.How to protect the world environment is an emphasis task which human is faced with at present.In order to prevent, reduce and control air pollution from ships,the International Maritime Organization(IMO)adopted the Protocol of 1997 and AnnexⅥto MARPOL73/78 in 1997,and AnnexⅥ-Regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships became effective on May 19,2005.
Based upon AnnexⅥto MARPOL73/78,this paper analyses the trend of emission control,which will be more and more restricted in future.According to the formative mechanism of NOx emission from marine diesel engine,NOx emission character of marine diesel engine is analyzed in aspects of engine structure,fuel oil and air in-taking condition.Based on the G6300ZC16B marine diesel engine emission test,this paper analyses the NOx emission control methods of improved G8300ZC30B marine diesel engine.At the same time the emission test results of G300 marine diesel engines are analyzed in the interest of emission control research for marine diesel engine in the future.The essential and virtue of marine diesel engine emission test on board is introduced,and the marine diesel engine emission test on board will be forced in the future.
1)The influence factors,generating mechanism and relevant emission control techniques of NOx emission from marine diesel engine are analyzed,at the same time the means and methods of NOx emission from marine diesel engine are analyzed.NOx emission character of marine diesel engine is analyzed in aspects of many important parts and components,for the purpose of survey on board while the marine diesel engine is maintained or the important parts or components are changed.
2)The condition of the stand test,the standard of instruments and the measurement of G6300ZC16B marine diesel engine emission test are clearly described,and the requests of MARPOL73/78 AnnexⅥare also described. The emission test results of G6300ZC16B marine diesel engine are analyzed.
3)The NOx emission control methods of improved G8300ZC30B marine diesel engine is presented.It is verified after the emission test results of G8300ZC30B marine diesel engine is analyzed.
4)Along with the world environmental worsening and environmental protection enhancing increasingly,the emission control from marine diesel engine will be more and more restricted in the future.The essential and virtue of marine diesel engine emission test on board is introduced,and the marine diesel engine emission test on board will be forced in the future.
5)The emission test results of G300 marine diesel engines are analyzed in the interest of emission control research from marine diesel engine in the future. At the same time found that the NOx emission will be reduced along with the injection advance angle decreasing and the SOx emission will be reduced along with the sulfur content in fuel oil decreasing.The main influence factor of NOx emission reduced from G8300ZC30B marine diesel engine is the injection advance angle decreased and the SOx emission reduced is the sulfur content in fuel oil decreased.
本文以《MARPOL73/78公约》附则Ⅵ全面生效为背景,分析了今后对船用柴油机的排放限制必将越来越严格的趋势。通过对船用柴油机废气排放中NOx生成机理的讨论,从柴油机结构、燃油和进气条件这三方面分析了其对船用柴油NOx排放特性的影响。介绍了G6300ZC16B船用柴油机废气排放测试的过程,在此基础上,分析了改进型G8300ZC30B船用柴油机NOx排放控制改进措施。根据试验测得的数据,对两种船用柴油机废气排放的规律进行比较,分析两者之间的相互关系,为以后船用柴油机废气排放的控制研究提供实例依据和研制参考。通过对实船检测的要点和优点分析,得出实船检测是控制船用柴油机废气排放的必然趋势。
1)讨论了船用柴油机NOx排放的影响因素、生成机理以及相应的排放控制技术,总结了当前进行柴油机排放控制的主要思路和方法。并且,在已有的排放控制技术的基础上,分析了重要零部件对柴油机排放特性的影响,为装船柴油机的维护、保养以及更换零部件后的发证检验提供了相关依据。
2)通过对G6300ZC16B船用柴油机采用的测试原理、仪器的校准以及试验过程、台架要求和测试规范等作了详细的说明,全面地介绍了附则Ⅵ实施的内容和要求,并对G6300ZC16B船用柴油机废气排放测试结果进行了分析。
3)介绍了改进型G8300ZC30B船用柴油机NOx排放控制改进措施。通过对G8300ZC30B船用柴油机废气排放测试结果的分析,验证了在设计时为了减少柴油机NOx的排放量,所采用的思路是合理可行的。
4)分析了随着世界环境状况的不断恶化,以及人们对环境保护意识的增强,国际上对船用柴油机的排放限制有愈来愈严格的趋势。通过对实船检测的要点和优点介绍,得出了船用柴油机进行实船测试具有不容回避的必然性的结论。
5)通过对G300船用柴油机废气排放的规律进行比较、分析,发现不论是在满负荷还是在部分负荷的条件下,随着喷油提前角的减小,NOx的排放量都有明显减少;同时柴油机性能对SOx排放的影响较小,燃油中的含硫量是影响SOx排放的主要因素。G8300ZC30B船用柴油机废气排放中NOx排放量的降低主要是由于减小喷油提前角所致,而SO2的排放量的降低主要是由于燃油中含硫量的减小所致。为以后船用柴油机废气排放的控制研究提供实例依据和研制参考。
Along with the world environmental worsening and environmental protection enhancing,the requests that control harmful emissions from engines are strongly increasing.At the same time,environment pollution problem caused by harmful emissions especially the NOx and SOx from marine diesel engine also remains a vital consideration.How to protect the world environment is an emphasis task which human is faced with at present.In order to prevent, reduce and control air pollution from ships,the International Maritime Organization(IMO)adopted the Protocol of 1997 and AnnexⅥto MARPOL73/78 in 1997,and AnnexⅥ-Regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships became effective on May 19,2005.
Based upon AnnexⅥto MARPOL73/78,this paper analyses the trend of emission control,which will be more and more restricted in future.According to the formative mechanism of NOx emission from marine diesel engine,NOx emission character of marine diesel engine is analyzed in aspects of engine structure,fuel oil and air in-taking condition.Based on the G6300ZC16B marine diesel engine emission test,this paper analyses the NOx emission control methods of improved G8300ZC30B marine diesel engine.At the same time the emission test results of G300 marine diesel engines are analyzed in the interest of emission control research for marine diesel engine in the future.The essential and virtue of marine diesel engine emission test on board is introduced,and the marine diesel engine emission test on board will be forced in the future.
1)The influence factors,generating mechanism and relevant emission control techniques of NOx emission from marine diesel engine are analyzed,at the same time the means and methods of NOx emission from marine diesel engine are analyzed.NOx emission character of marine diesel engine is analyzed in aspects of many important parts and components,for the purpose of survey on board while the marine diesel engine is maintained or the important parts or components are changed.
2)The condition of the stand test,the standard of instruments and the measurement of G6300ZC16B marine diesel engine emission test are clearly described,and the requests of MARPOL73/78 AnnexⅥare also described. The emission test results of G6300ZC16B marine diesel engine are analyzed.
3)The NOx emission control methods of improved G8300ZC30B marine diesel engine is presented.It is verified after the emission test results of G8300ZC30B marine diesel engine is analyzed.
4)Along with the world environmental worsening and environmental protection enhancing increasingly,the emission control from marine diesel engine will be more and more restricted in the future.The essential and virtue of marine diesel engine emission test on board is introduced,and the marine diesel engine emission test on board will be forced in the future.
5)The emission test results of G300 marine diesel engines are analyzed in the interest of emission control research from marine diesel engine in the future. At the same time found that the NOx emission will be reduced along with the injection advance angle decreasing and the SOx emission will be reduced along with the sulfur content in fuel oil decreasing.The main influence factor of NOx emission reduced from G8300ZC30B marine diesel engine is the injection advance angle decreased and the SOx emission reduced is the sulfur content in fuel oil decreased.
引文
[1]国际海事组织,73/78防污公约1997年缔约国大会决议,北京;人民交通出版社,1998
[2]胡以怀,应启光,船舶柴油机振动、噪声及废气排放,大连海事大学出版社,2003
[3]严兆大 主编,内燃机测试技术,浙江大学出版社,1989
[4]刘巽俊 编著,中国内燃机协会组编,内燃机的排放与控制,机械工业出版社,2003年1月第一版
[5]胡先富,胡以怀,船舶柴油机废气排放的控制,上海海运学院学报,1999,(3)
[6]李斌,孙培廷,由MARPOL公约附则六的实施引起的思索,世界海运,2002,(2)
[7]颜世文,徐强,有效减少船舶柴油机NOx排放的技术分析,船海工程,2003,(2)
[8]林金田,陈景锋,船用柴油机有害排放控制技术,集美大学学报(自然科学版),2000,(4)
[9]马智宏,王新全,船舶动力装置进程的历史、现状与展望,航海技术,2003,(3)
[10]姚寿广,肖民,陈宁等,船舶大功率柴油机的技术发展现状与展望,华东船舶工业学院学报,2003,(5)
[11]魏一,降低船舶NOx排放防止空气污染,交通节能与环保,2006,(2)
[12]李农,减少船用柴油机NOx排放技术措施,世界海运,2000,(3)
[13]洪清珍,詹志刚,船舶柴油机废气排放对大气污染的法律控制及其技术基础,船海工程,2004,(1)
[14]王迎新,武占华,尹自斌,船舶柴油机氮氧化物排放限制合理方案的探讨,集美大学学报(自然科学版),2003,(3)
[15]黄步松,有效降低船用柴油机N0x排放技术,引进与咨询,2004,(4)
[16]刘卫国,王庆君,船用柴油机THC排放的测量技术分析,柴油机,2003,(1)
[17]魏海涛,翁烈胜,赵天义,赵勇,船舶柴油机氮氧化物排放控制技术,世界海运,2006,(2)
[18]王志民,陈国需,高永建,柴油机排放控制技术的发展,内燃机,2003,(12)
[19]祝勇,马朝臣,鲍捷,柴油机NOx排放的控制技术及发展趋势,第十二届全国大功率柴油机学术年会
[20]顾宏中,大功率柴油机的发展与展望,柴油机,2002,(1)
[21]朱参,尹琪,邬静川,船用大功率柴油机排放控制与测试,内燃机工程,2002,(4)
[22]孙培廷,国际海事组织《MARPOL》公约附则Ⅵ的实施要点研究,航海技术,2000,(1)
[23]孙培廷,黄连中,《MARPOL》公约的实施及对船舶动力装置发展影响懂得探讨(上),交通标准化,2000,(3)
[24]张余庆,崔文彬,船舶柴油机NOx排放控制技术现状与展望,航海技术,2006,(01)
[25]范金宇,黄加亮,VIARPOL73/78附则VI和船舶柴油机排放污染控制,天津航海,2000,(4)
[26]洪敦麟,内燃机排放控制标准简介,柴油机,2000,(4)
[27]丁河清,吕林等,船舶柴油机NOx的排放法规与控制,武汉交通科技大学学报,2000,(8)
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[30]李瑞通,船用柴油机排放污染物的控制,天津航海,2001,(1)
[31]钱作勤,船舶柴油机排放测试与控制措施,航海技术,2004,(6)
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[34]罗述健,船用柴油机与坏境保护,柴油机设计与制造,2002,(3)
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[2]胡以怀,应启光,船舶柴油机振动、噪声及废气排放,大连海事大学出版社,2003
[3]严兆大 主编,内燃机测试技术,浙江大学出版社,1989
[4]刘巽俊 编著,中国内燃机协会组编,内燃机的排放与控制,机械工业出版社,2003年1月第一版
[5]胡先富,胡以怀,船舶柴油机废气排放的控制,上海海运学院学报,1999,(3)
[6]李斌,孙培廷,由MARPOL公约附则六的实施引起的思索,世界海运,2002,(2)
[7]颜世文,徐强,有效减少船舶柴油机NOx排放的技术分析,船海工程,2003,(2)
[8]林金田,陈景锋,船用柴油机有害排放控制技术,集美大学学报(自然科学版),2000,(4)
[9]马智宏,王新全,船舶动力装置进程的历史、现状与展望,航海技术,2003,(3)
[10]姚寿广,肖民,陈宁等,船舶大功率柴油机的技术发展现状与展望,华东船舶工业学院学报,2003,(5)
[11]魏一,降低船舶NOx排放防止空气污染,交通节能与环保,2006,(2)
[12]李农,减少船用柴油机NOx排放技术措施,世界海运,2000,(3)
[13]洪清珍,詹志刚,船舶柴油机废气排放对大气污染的法律控制及其技术基础,船海工程,2004,(1)
[14]王迎新,武占华,尹自斌,船舶柴油机氮氧化物排放限制合理方案的探讨,集美大学学报(自然科学版),2003,(3)
[15]黄步松,有效降低船用柴油机N0x排放技术,引进与咨询,2004,(4)
[16]刘卫国,王庆君,船用柴油机THC排放的测量技术分析,柴油机,2003,(1)
[17]魏海涛,翁烈胜,赵天义,赵勇,船舶柴油机氮氧化物排放控制技术,世界海运,2006,(2)
[18]王志民,陈国需,高永建,柴油机排放控制技术的发展,内燃机,2003,(12)
[19]祝勇,马朝臣,鲍捷,柴油机NOx排放的控制技术及发展趋势,第十二届全国大功率柴油机学术年会
[20]顾宏中,大功率柴油机的发展与展望,柴油机,2002,(1)
[21]朱参,尹琪,邬静川,船用大功率柴油机排放控制与测试,内燃机工程,2002,(4)
[22]孙培廷,国际海事组织《MARPOL》公约附则Ⅵ的实施要点研究,航海技术,2000,(1)
[23]孙培廷,黄连中,《MARPOL》公约的实施及对船舶动力装置发展影响懂得探讨(上),交通标准化,2000,(3)
[24]张余庆,崔文彬,船舶柴油机NOx排放控制技术现状与展望,航海技术,2006,(01)
[25]范金宇,黄加亮,VIARPOL73/78附则VI和船舶柴油机排放污染控制,天津航海,2000,(4)
[26]洪敦麟,内燃机排放控制标准简介,柴油机,2000,(4)
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