地下结构动力分析若干问题研究
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摘要
随着隧道及地下结构的迅速的发展，研究其在动力荷载作用下的反应问题，具有重大的经济意义和社会意义。本文运用有限元方法，对隧道在动荷载作用下的反应进行了计算分析，研究工作主要包括以下几个部分：
1 运用波动理论，对水平成层的土壤进行了正演和反演地震反应分析。研究了冻土层的存在、地基辐射阻尼等因素对场地地震反应的影响以及通过反演计算得到结构地震反应分析时所需要的地震波。
2 比较了粘-弹性边界、粘性边界和固定边界条件的精度。根据不同边界条件，采用振动方法和波动方法，进行了在地震荷载作用下隧道结构的反应分析，分析了无限地基对计算结果的影响以及在地震荷载作用下隧道衬砌的薄弱部位。
3 在Newmark隐式积分方法的基础上，提出了提高其计算效率的改进方法，计算结果表明，改进方法即可节约计算机内存，又显著地提高了隐式时间积分方法的计算效率。改进方法必将在许多计算程序中采用。
4 计算了不同地震动作用下不同的围岩材料对隧道地震反应的影响，并通过改变隧道衬砌一定范围内围岩材料的参数，计算了隧道的地震反应，分析了在隧道施工中设置减震层和注浆加固一定范围内围岩这两种方法的减震效果、适用条件及其减震机理。提出采用注浆加固围岩的办法进行减震，充分发挥围岩的承载能力的观点。对隧道的抗震设计将是有益的。
5 进行了隧道三维地震反应分析。在不同的围岩材料、不同的衬砌类型情况下，分析了洞口段隧道衬砌应力和位移沿隧道轴线方向的变化规律以及采取注浆加固围岩的方法的减震效果。对隧道抗震设防长度与洞口段围岩性质、衬砌断面形式的关系以及隧道洞口段的加固措施进行了研究。指出在地震作用下，洞口段隧道衬砌轴向力不可忽视。为隧道抗震设计提供了依据。
6 推导了求解振动荷载的公式，提出了由结构对振动荷载的反应求振动荷载时程的有限元方法。验证了方法的有效性。为计算振动荷载提供了一种新的方法，并将有助于实际工程中一些振动问题的解决。
As the rapid development of tunnels and underground structures, the dynamic response analysis of such structures is of great economic and social significance. In this thesis, the responses of tunnels are numerically analyzed under dynamic loading by finite element method. The contents in this thesis are concluded as follows:
1. The seismic response analysis and back analysis of layering level soil is performed using wave theory. Effects of frozen soil layer and radiant damp of foundation soil on site earthquake responses are studied in detail. The seismic wave that is prerequisite at the seismic responses calculation of structure is obtained by using back analysis.
2. The computing precision of three type conditions such as viscous-spring boundary, viscous boundary and fixed boundary is compared. Based on various boundary conditions, the seismic response studies of a tunnel are executed by using vibration-method and wave-method respectively. The influence of infinite foundation soil on the earthquake responses of the tunnel is researched and the weakness parts in liner are determined.
3. Based on Newmark's step-by-step implicit integration method, an improved method for raising computing efficiency is put forward. The implicit integration method and improved method were applied respectively to analyze the dynamic response of a tunnel due to train vibration. Results indicated that the improve method economizes computer memory and enhances remarkably the calculation efficiency and it will be adopted in many computational programs.
4. Based on Newmark's step-by-step implicit integration method, the response analyses of a tunnel are performed by using viscous-spring artificial boundary under various earthquake accelerations and multiform conditions of surround rock. The seismic responses of the tunnel are calculated by changing parameters of surround rock within the tunnel some ranges. Two kinds of shock absorption measures, which are setting shock layer and reinforcing surround rock are studied and shock absorption effects, applicable to cases and shock mechanism are analyze. The viewpoint of adopting the method reinforcing
surround rock for shock absorption purpose is proposed which is able to exert carrying capacity of surround rock, and it will be beneficial for the anti-seismic design of tunnel.
5. Based on Newmark's step-by-step implicit integration method, 3-D seismic responses of tunnels are performed by using viscous-spring artificial boundary. The orderliness of stresses and displacements in the liner along the direction of the tunnel axial are analyzed under various type tunnel liner and multiform properties of surround rock. The effects of shock absorption measure reinforcing surround rock are studied. The relation between the strengthening length of the tunnel anti-seismic and the properties of surround rock of tunnel entrance and the shape of tunnel liner is analyzed. The axis direction stress in tunnel entrance is not slighting under earthquake loading. The results provide references for the anti-seismic tunnel design.
6. The problem of determining dynamic loading history by using the back analysis is discussed. On the basis of the solution for dynamic equilibrium equations utilizing the Newmark method, an algorism for evaluating dynamic loading is presented. The creditable loading coefficients are estimated by using the method of least squares. Then the finite element method for evaluating dynamic loading history was carried out by using the measured structure responses under the same loading. An example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique. It is a new method for computing vibration loading and it will help to solve some vibration problems.
1 运用波动理论，对水平成层的土壤进行了正演和反演地震反应分析。研究了冻土层的存在、地基辐射阻尼等因素对场地地震反应的影响以及通过反演计算得到结构地震反应分析时所需要的地震波。
2 比较了粘-弹性边界、粘性边界和固定边界条件的精度。根据不同边界条件，采用振动方法和波动方法，进行了在地震荷载作用下隧道结构的反应分析，分析了无限地基对计算结果的影响以及在地震荷载作用下隧道衬砌的薄弱部位。
3 在Newmark隐式积分方法的基础上，提出了提高其计算效率的改进方法，计算结果表明，改进方法即可节约计算机内存，又显著地提高了隐式时间积分方法的计算效率。改进方法必将在许多计算程序中采用。
4 计算了不同地震动作用下不同的围岩材料对隧道地震反应的影响，并通过改变隧道衬砌一定范围内围岩材料的参数，计算了隧道的地震反应，分析了在隧道施工中设置减震层和注浆加固一定范围内围岩这两种方法的减震效果、适用条件及其减震机理。提出采用注浆加固围岩的办法进行减震，充分发挥围岩的承载能力的观点。对隧道的抗震设计将是有益的。
5 进行了隧道三维地震反应分析。在不同的围岩材料、不同的衬砌类型情况下，分析了洞口段隧道衬砌应力和位移沿隧道轴线方向的变化规律以及采取注浆加固围岩的方法的减震效果。对隧道抗震设防长度与洞口段围岩性质、衬砌断面形式的关系以及隧道洞口段的加固措施进行了研究。指出在地震作用下，洞口段隧道衬砌轴向力不可忽视。为隧道抗震设计提供了依据。
6 推导了求解振动荷载的公式，提出了由结构对振动荷载的反应求振动荷载时程的有限元方法。验证了方法的有效性。为计算振动荷载提供了一种新的方法，并将有助于实际工程中一些振动问题的解决。
As the rapid development of tunnels and underground structures, the dynamic response analysis of such structures is of great economic and social significance. In this thesis, the responses of tunnels are numerically analyzed under dynamic loading by finite element method. The contents in this thesis are concluded as follows:
1. The seismic response analysis and back analysis of layering level soil is performed using wave theory. Effects of frozen soil layer and radiant damp of foundation soil on site earthquake responses are studied in detail. The seismic wave that is prerequisite at the seismic responses calculation of structure is obtained by using back analysis.
2. The computing precision of three type conditions such as viscous-spring boundary, viscous boundary and fixed boundary is compared. Based on various boundary conditions, the seismic response studies of a tunnel are executed by using vibration-method and wave-method respectively. The influence of infinite foundation soil on the earthquake responses of the tunnel is researched and the weakness parts in liner are determined.
3. Based on Newmark's step-by-step implicit integration method, an improved method for raising computing efficiency is put forward. The implicit integration method and improved method were applied respectively to analyze the dynamic response of a tunnel due to train vibration. Results indicated that the improve method economizes computer memory and enhances remarkably the calculation efficiency and it will be adopted in many computational programs.
4. Based on Newmark's step-by-step implicit integration method, the response analyses of a tunnel are performed by using viscous-spring artificial boundary under various earthquake accelerations and multiform conditions of surround rock. The seismic responses of the tunnel are calculated by changing parameters of surround rock within the tunnel some ranges. Two kinds of shock absorption measures, which are setting shock layer and reinforcing surround rock are studied and shock absorption effects, applicable to cases and shock mechanism are analyze. The viewpoint of adopting the method reinforcing
surround rock for shock absorption purpose is proposed which is able to exert carrying capacity of surround rock, and it will be beneficial for the anti-seismic design of tunnel.
5. Based on Newmark's step-by-step implicit integration method, 3-D seismic responses of tunnels are performed by using viscous-spring artificial boundary. The orderliness of stresses and displacements in the liner along the direction of the tunnel axial are analyzed under various type tunnel liner and multiform properties of surround rock. The effects of shock absorption measure reinforcing surround rock are studied. The relation between the strengthening length of the tunnel anti-seismic and the properties of surround rock of tunnel entrance and the shape of tunnel liner is analyzed. The axis direction stress in tunnel entrance is not slighting under earthquake loading. The results provide references for the anti-seismic tunnel design.
6. The problem of determining dynamic loading history by using the back analysis is discussed. On the basis of the solution for dynamic equilibrium equations utilizing the Newmark method, an algorism for evaluating dynamic loading is presented. The creditable loading coefficients are estimated by using the method of least squares. Then the finite element method for evaluating dynamic loading history was carried out by using the measured structure responses under the same loading. An example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique. It is a new method for computing vibration loading and it will help to solve some vibration problems.
引文
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