台风Ewiniar（2006）内部扰动的时空变化特征和相关动力机制研究
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摘要
本文首先较为全面的回顾了国内外关于热带气旋的几个重要问题的研究,主要包括热带气旋的强度变化和内部动力学特征。
采用WRF数值模式的双向移动嵌套网格方案模拟一个典型台风个例Ewiniar,再对结果的正确性和一些简单特征做出了初步分析,认为本文模拟的结果具有一定的可信度,尤其是较为成功的模拟出了该台风个例的大风特征。
采用统计学分析方法,主要是离散功率谱分析、连续功率谱分析和最大熵谱分析方法对模拟输出资料作再分析,提出了台风内部扰动特征时空分布的非均匀性。主要结论有:切向长波占优;一般来说,距台风中心越近,长波分量越大,台风外围的短波分量则有所增加。连续功率谱和最大熵谱方法所提取的Ewiniar内部的振荡现象具有非对称特征,这种非对称特征在对流层中高层,台风前移的左右两侧的眼壁内部表现得非常明显,越往台风外围、越往对流层低层越不明显。对流层低层的台风眼壁内部,无论是台风前移的左侧还是右侧,低频振荡总是占很大优势。
采用WKBJ方法,研究了台风内核区域形成上述时间上的扰动或振荡现象非均匀性的原因。认为强烈的对流凝结造成的非绝热加热可以对涡旋Rossby波起到调频作用,使得在台风系统内部不同的位置,扰动的振荡特征存在差异。在台风内核区,对流凝结加热较强时,容易形成低频率振荡;反之,当加热较弱时,则更容易形成较为高频的振荡。
采用数值差分计算方法,从涡旋大气所具有的波动形态的角度出发,考虑圆形基流下螺旋波所具有的对数螺线形态的几何性质,在涡旋大气中引入中尺度一般扰动的斜交不稳定理论,通过建立一个与实际和现有理论比较符合的垂直切变基流涡旋系统不稳定发展模型,研究了垂直切变涡旋基流对中尺度螺旋状不稳定扰动系统发展的影响。结果表明,在一定条件下,不稳定扰动可能发展为类似于对数螺线的螺旋状系统。
Several significant studies on Tropical Cyclone (TC) home and abroad has been reviewed comprehensively, including the researches on intensity variety and the internal dynamic trait of TC.
On the basis of the studies above, a typical general TC, Ewiniar (2006), has been simulated by the Weather Research and Forecast Model (WRF) version 2.2 and the Moving-Nest technology and Tow-Way Nest Run. After that, a simple initial analysis on its substantial characteristics such as its moving trace and wind field has been presented in order to confirm the validity of the simulation, especially the intense wind, the most important feature of the sample.
Reveal the asymmetric qualities of spatio-temporal distribution of internal perturbation in Ewiniar, by virtual of statistics methods including Dispersed Power spectrum Analysis (DPS), Continuous Power spectrum Analysis (CPS) and Most Entropy spectrum Estimate (MES). As a result, the main conclusions of that are included. Above all, the tangential Long-Wave component is dominant via the DPS. And the Long-Wave component would take out more proportion in the adjacent area to the eye of Ewiniar and somewhat less one in the outer area generally speaking. In the next place, the oscillation extracted by CPS and MES in the left and right side near the moving path is obvious asymmetrical, which mainly behaves in the inner of typhoon eyewall at middle-high level of the troposphere and is more inconspicuous in the outer and low level. But the long-period oscillation would dominate the inner area of typhoon eyewall at low level of troposphere.
What's more, an consequent discussion on the reason of those phenomenon has been promoted by the means of WKBJ theory, which comes a conclusion that the strong non-adiabatic heating of convective activity in the inner area of TC could tune the frequency of Vortex Rossby Wave (VRW), bringing about the asymmetry distribution of oscillation traits in the inner area of TC, where the lower-frequency oscillation would form in the situation of intense heating, and the higher-frequency one would form in the one of weak heating as well.
A Logarithmic-spiral model for the development of Mesoscale perturbation instability in vortex systems with vertical-sheared basic flow based on the theories of spiral-wave and Mesoscale hereotropic instability is established. Adiabatic frictionless linear disturbance Boussinesq equations in natural coordinates built along the spiral propagation path of disturbances are derived. And the unstable spiral development of Mesoscale disturbance, so called Spiral-Hereotropic instability, in the ideal vortex with vertical-sheared basic flow is studied by the numerical discretization method. Further more the influence of basic flow parameters of the vortex on the characteristics of the spiral instability systems is discussed. It is argued that unstable disturbances in the vortex with the vertical-sheared basic flow are capable to develop into the spiral bands like trailing Logarithm-spiral in sharp.
采用WRF数值模式的双向移动嵌套网格方案模拟一个典型台风个例Ewiniar,再对结果的正确性和一些简单特征做出了初步分析,认为本文模拟的结果具有一定的可信度,尤其是较为成功的模拟出了该台风个例的大风特征。
采用统计学分析方法,主要是离散功率谱分析、连续功率谱分析和最大熵谱分析方法对模拟输出资料作再分析,提出了台风内部扰动特征时空分布的非均匀性。主要结论有:切向长波占优;一般来说,距台风中心越近,长波分量越大,台风外围的短波分量则有所增加。连续功率谱和最大熵谱方法所提取的Ewiniar内部的振荡现象具有非对称特征,这种非对称特征在对流层中高层,台风前移的左右两侧的眼壁内部表现得非常明显,越往台风外围、越往对流层低层越不明显。对流层低层的台风眼壁内部,无论是台风前移的左侧还是右侧,低频振荡总是占很大优势。
采用WKBJ方法,研究了台风内核区域形成上述时间上的扰动或振荡现象非均匀性的原因。认为强烈的对流凝结造成的非绝热加热可以对涡旋Rossby波起到调频作用,使得在台风系统内部不同的位置,扰动的振荡特征存在差异。在台风内核区,对流凝结加热较强时,容易形成低频率振荡;反之,当加热较弱时,则更容易形成较为高频的振荡。
采用数值差分计算方法,从涡旋大气所具有的波动形态的角度出发,考虑圆形基流下螺旋波所具有的对数螺线形态的几何性质,在涡旋大气中引入中尺度一般扰动的斜交不稳定理论,通过建立一个与实际和现有理论比较符合的垂直切变基流涡旋系统不稳定发展模型,研究了垂直切变涡旋基流对中尺度螺旋状不稳定扰动系统发展的影响。结果表明,在一定条件下,不稳定扰动可能发展为类似于对数螺线的螺旋状系统。
Several significant studies on Tropical Cyclone (TC) home and abroad has been reviewed comprehensively, including the researches on intensity variety and the internal dynamic trait of TC.
On the basis of the studies above, a typical general TC, Ewiniar (2006), has been simulated by the Weather Research and Forecast Model (WRF) version 2.2 and the Moving-Nest technology and Tow-Way Nest Run. After that, a simple initial analysis on its substantial characteristics such as its moving trace and wind field has been presented in order to confirm the validity of the simulation, especially the intense wind, the most important feature of the sample.
Reveal the asymmetric qualities of spatio-temporal distribution of internal perturbation in Ewiniar, by virtual of statistics methods including Dispersed Power spectrum Analysis (DPS), Continuous Power spectrum Analysis (CPS) and Most Entropy spectrum Estimate (MES). As a result, the main conclusions of that are included. Above all, the tangential Long-Wave component is dominant via the DPS. And the Long-Wave component would take out more proportion in the adjacent area to the eye of Ewiniar and somewhat less one in the outer area generally speaking. In the next place, the oscillation extracted by CPS and MES in the left and right side near the moving path is obvious asymmetrical, which mainly behaves in the inner of typhoon eyewall at middle-high level of the troposphere and is more inconspicuous in the outer and low level. But the long-period oscillation would dominate the inner area of typhoon eyewall at low level of troposphere.
What's more, an consequent discussion on the reason of those phenomenon has been promoted by the means of WKBJ theory, which comes a conclusion that the strong non-adiabatic heating of convective activity in the inner area of TC could tune the frequency of Vortex Rossby Wave (VRW), bringing about the asymmetry distribution of oscillation traits in the inner area of TC, where the lower-frequency oscillation would form in the situation of intense heating, and the higher-frequency one would form in the one of weak heating as well.
A Logarithmic-spiral model for the development of Mesoscale perturbation instability in vortex systems with vertical-sheared basic flow based on the theories of spiral-wave and Mesoscale hereotropic instability is established. Adiabatic frictionless linear disturbance Boussinesq equations in natural coordinates built along the spiral propagation path of disturbances are derived. And the unstable spiral development of Mesoscale disturbance, so called Spiral-Hereotropic instability, in the ideal vortex with vertical-sheared basic flow is studied by the numerical discretization method. Further more the influence of basic flow parameters of the vortex on the characteristics of the spiral instability systems is discussed. It is argued that unstable disturbances in the vortex with the vertical-sheared basic flow are capable to develop into the spiral bands like trailing Logarithm-spiral in sharp.
引文
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