数字图像水印算法研究
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摘要
数字水印技术是一门新兴的网络信息安全技术，经过近些年来的迅猛发展，已经成为网络安全方面的一个研究热点，在版权保护和信息隐藏等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
本文首先对水印技术进行了概括性介绍，总结了水印算法模型和攻击手段，概括了现有的图像水印算法。接着在小波分析理论的基础上，利用混沌序列的伪随机性和图像作为水印的可视性，提出了一种基于混沌序列的数字水印改进算法。然后在这一水印算法的基础上，使用小波提升技术来改进小波分析方法，再使用通信理论中的纠错编码方法对水印信号进行纠错控制，并提出了一种基于纠错编码的数字水印算法。最后以第二代水印技术为基础，利用图像的局部特征，提出一种基于噪声可见性函数的彩色图像水印算法。以上三种水印算法都具有较强的鲁棒性和可靠性。
Digital watermarking has been a rising network information security technology. With the rapid development in recent years, it has become a popular topic in network security domain. And it hold wide application prospect in several domains, for example copyright protection, information hiding and etc.
At first, this paper introduced watermark technology synoptically. It summarize the algorithm model and attack means of the watermark and generalized the existing picture watermark algorithm. Then we put forward a kind of improved digital watermark algorithm based on chaos array according to the shelter character of luminance and texture of the human visual system. Then we use lifting scheme improve wavelet analysis methods and proposed a kind of digital watermark algorithm based on error-correcting coded which is a method of communication theory and is to correct watermark signal. At last, we utilize the some characteristic of the picture and put forward a kind of the second generation watermark algorithm based on noise visibility function. The above three algorithms all show robust and dependability.
本文首先对水印技术进行了概括性介绍，总结了水印算法模型和攻击手段，概括了现有的图像水印算法。接着在小波分析理论的基础上，利用混沌序列的伪随机性和图像作为水印的可视性，提出了一种基于混沌序列的数字水印改进算法。然后在这一水印算法的基础上，使用小波提升技术来改进小波分析方法，再使用通信理论中的纠错编码方法对水印信号进行纠错控制，并提出了一种基于纠错编码的数字水印算法。最后以第二代水印技术为基础，利用图像的局部特征，提出一种基于噪声可见性函数的彩色图像水印算法。以上三种水印算法都具有较强的鲁棒性和可靠性。
Digital watermarking has been a rising network information security technology. With the rapid development in recent years, it has become a popular topic in network security domain. And it hold wide application prospect in several domains, for example copyright protection, information hiding and etc.
At first, this paper introduced watermark technology synoptically. It summarize the algorithm model and attack means of the watermark and generalized the existing picture watermark algorithm. Then we put forward a kind of improved digital watermark algorithm based on chaos array according to the shelter character of luminance and texture of the human visual system. Then we use lifting scheme improve wavelet analysis methods and proposed a kind of digital watermark algorithm based on error-correcting coded which is a method of communication theory and is to correct watermark signal. At last, we utilize the some characteristic of the picture and put forward a kind of the second generation watermark algorithm based on noise visibility function. The above three algorithms all show robust and dependability.
引文
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[7] I.J.K.O Ruanaith et al, "Phase watermarking of digital images," Proc. of ICIP'96, Vol.3, pp.239-242, 1996.
[8] I.J.K.O Ruanaith and T.Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant digital image," Proc. of ICIP'97, Vol. 1, pp.536-539, 1997.
[9] M.H.Hayers, "The reconstruction of a multidimensional sequence from the phase or magnitude of the FFT," IEEE Trans. On ASSP, No.4, pp. 140-154, 1992.
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[12] C.T.Hsu and J.L.Wu, "Hidden digital watermarks in images," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, Vol8, pp.58-68, Jan. 1999
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OPTICS EXPRESS, Vol.3, No. 12, pp.491-496, 1998.
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[19] I.J.Cox, J.Kilian, T.Leighton,, et al, Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia, IEEE Trans, Image Processing. Dec. 1997, 6:1673-1687.
[20] M.Kutter, S.Winkler, A Vision-based Masking Model for Spread-spectrum Image Watermarking, IEEE Trans, Image Processing, 2002, 11(1): 16-25.
[21] Bhattacharjee S.K. and Kutter M. Compression tolerant image authentication. Proc. OfICIP'98, 1998, 1:435-439.
[22] Kutter M., Bhattacharjee S.K. and Ebrahimi T. Towards second generation watermarking scheme. Proc of ICIP'99, 1999, 1:320-323.
[23] Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy, A.Herrigel, N.Baumgaertner, and T. Pun, "A Stochastic Approach to Content Adaptive Digital Image Watermarking," Proc. of Third Information Hiding Workshop, 1999.
[24] F.Mintzer, G.W.Braudaway, M.M.Yeung, "Effective and ineffective digital watermarks," Proceedings of ICIP'97, Intern. Conf. Image Processing, vol.3, pp. 9-12,S.Barbara, CA, USA, October 26-29, 1997.
[25] Min Wu, Bede Liu, "Watermarking for Image Authentication," Proc. of ICIP'98, vol.2, pp.437-441, 1998.
[26] Hyuncheol Park, Kwangjo Kim, "Visible Watermarking using Verifiable Digital Seal Image," SCIS 2001 The 2001 Symposium on Cryptography and Information Security Oiso, Japan, January 23-26, 2001 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.
[27] S.Craver, N.Memon, B.L.Yeo and M.M.Yeung, Resolving rightful ownerships with invisible watermarking techniques: Limitations, attacks, and implications, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 16, No.4, pp.573-586, 1998.
[28] L.T.Qiao and K.Nahrstedt, Watermarking schemes and protocols for protecting rightful ownership and customer's rights, Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, Vol.9, No.3, pp. 194-210, 1998.
[29] Arto Salomaa．公钥密码学．北京：国防工业出版社，1998．1．
[30] 冯登国，裴定．密码学导引．北京：科学出版社，1999．4．
[31] 杨义先．林须端．编码密码学．北京：人民邮电出版社，1992．12．
[32] S.Craver, N.Memon, B.L.Yeo and M.M.Yeung, "Technical Trials and Legal Tribulations," Communications of the ACM, Vol.41, No.7, Jul. 1998, pp.44-54.
[33] S.Voloshynovskit et al, Attack Modelling: Towards a Second Generation Watermaerking Benchmark, Signal Processing, Special Issue on Imformation The oretic Issues in Digital watermarking, 2001, Vol.87, No.5:127-214.
[34] F.Hartunq J.Ku and B.Girod, Spread Spectrum watermarking: mallerious attacks and counter-attacks, Security and Watermarking on multimedia contents, Proc.SPIE,
Vol.3657, Son Jose CA, Jan, 1999.
[35] Petttcolas F, Anderson R J, Kun M G., Attacks on copyright marking system, Proc of Imformation Hidding'98, 1998, 213-238.
[36] I.J.Cox, J.-Plinnarz and T.Shamoon, Public watermarks and resistance to tampering, In Proceedings of the International conference on Image processing(ICIP), 1997.
[37] W.Zeng, B.Liu "On resolving rightful ownerships of digital images by invisible watermarks," Proceedings of ICIP'97, Intern. Conf. on Image Processing, Vol.1, pp.552-555, S.Barbara, CA, USA, October 26-29, 1997.
[38] G.L.Friedman, "The trustworthy digital camera: restoring credibility to the photographic image," IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, Vol.39, pp.905-910, November 1993.
[39] Fabien A.P.Petitcolas, Ross J.Anderson, Markus G.Kuhn, "Attacks on Copyright Marking Systems," David Aucsmith, Ed., Second workshop on information hiding, in vol. 1525 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Portland, Oregon, USA, 14-17 April, 1998, pp. 218-238.
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[43] 胡昌华，张军波，夏军，张伟．基于Matlab的系统分析与设计—小波分析．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1999．12
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