防毒服外层面料的舒适性研究
摘要
防毒服可保护在有毒环境中战斗、工作的人员免受气态、液态有毒物质的危害。防毒服在研制的过程中存在着防护性能与穿着生理性能之间的矛盾。在防毒服功能性满足要求的前提下,因厚重带来的舒适性问题显得尤为突出。如何在保证防毒服功能性和基本力学性能的同时,改善其舒适性成为将要解决的主要问题。由于防毒功能的要求,一般难以通过改变防毒整理技术来改善防毒服外层面料的舒适性,因此通过改善防毒服外层面料基布的舒适性来达到改善防毒服外层面料的舒适性,成为相关研究的主要方向。
本课题重点就是找到一种环境友好型纤维,在保证防毒服外层面料的功能要求和基本力学性能的基础上,进一步改善防毒服外层面料的舒适性。
为了采用原有的后整理工艺,所选原料应与现有防毒服采用的棉纤维在性能上接近。决定选用纱线原料为:Richel纱40~s、普通棉紧密纺纱50~s、国产长绒棉50~s、埃及长绒棉50~s、Lyocell纱48~s。通过对单纱进行合股及织物结构参数的确定,完成了小样试织的准备工作。小样试织完成后,对其面密度、厚度、断裂强力进行测试,从中找出了满足基本性能要求的试样。进一步测试选出试样的撕破强力、透湿性、透气性、保温性,通过基本性能和舒适性指标的综合评价,确定了进行中样试织的织物的结构参数为:用普通棉紧密纺纱50~s/2、普通棉紧密纺纱与国产长绒棉合股线50~s/2、普通棉紧密纺纱50~s与Lyocell48~s合股线作为经纬纱,经密415根/10cm,纬密212根/10cm,织物组织为2/2斜纹。
按照现有的防毒整理技术对中样进行后整理,通过对比整理前后试样的基本力学性能和舒适性指标,并与工厂现有防毒服外层面料和孟粉叶的试样进行对比,得出:设计试样达到了更加轻薄的目的,除了纬向断裂强力,其他力学性能得到提高;设计试样的透湿性、透气性得到了明显改善,保温性提高了;试样的悬垂性得到了明显改善,弯曲弹性有待于进一步提高,从而证明了设计方案的可行性。用模糊数学法对整理后试样的舒适性指标进行了综合评价,得出:在夏季或天气较热地区,经纬纱为普通棉紧密纺纱与国产长绒棉合股线50~s/2,经纬密为415×212的试样最舒适;在冬季或天气较冷地区,经纬纱为普通棉紧密纺纱50~s/2,经纬密为415×212的试样最舒适,工厂成品适于在冬季或天气较冷的地区使用。
The antitoxic clothing can protect the people who are working in the toxic environments against the toxic gas and liquid. In the process of the antitoxic clothing development there are some contradictions between the protection and physiological properties. In the premise of meeting the functional requirements, the comfort problems due to thickness and weightiness appear to be particularly prominent. The main problem to be solved is to improve the comfort of the antitoxic clothing, and ensure the functional requirements and basic mechanical properties at the same time. With the antitoxic requirements, it's generally difficult to improve the comfort of the outer layer fabric in the antitoxic clothing by changing antitoxic technology. Therefore, by improving the comfort of the outer layer fabric of the antitoxic clothing to realise the comfort improvement of antitoxic clothing has become the main direction of the relevant researches.
On the basis of meeting functional requirements and basic mechanical properties, the key point is to find an environment friendly fiber to improve the comfort of the outer layer fabric of the antitoxic clothing.
In order to use the original finishing technology, the performance of the selected materials should be close to cotton which is used in existed antitoxic clothing. Riche140~s, cotton of compact spinning50~s, Chinese long staple cotton 50~s, Egypt long staple cotton 50~s, Lyocel148~s and compact spinning cotton50~s/2 from the plants are selected as materials. The preparations of weaving include doubling of single yarn and setting the weaving parameters of the fabrics. After the weaving, by testing the area density, thickness, tensile strength of the fabrics, samples which can meet basic performance requirements are achieved. The tearing strength, moisture permeability, air permeability and heat insulating ability of the selected samples are tested. By comprehensively evaluating the basic performance and the comfort index, the parameters of three weaving fabrics are achieved. The parameters are as follows: cotton of compact spinning50~s/2, cotton of compact spinning and Chinese long staple cotton 50~s/2, cotton of compact spinning 50~s and Lyocel148~s are as warps and wefts; warp density is 415/10cm and weft density is 212/10cm; fabric weave 2/2 twill.
The three sample fabrics are finished with the original finishing technology. By comparing the basic mechanical properties and comfort index with the antitoxic clothing produced in the plant and Meng fenye's testing results, some conclusions are as follows: the weight and thickness of the designed samples are decreased; the weft tensile strength decreased; the warp tensile strength increased; the moisture permeability and air permeability improved; the heat insulating ability of the fabrics increased; the drape properties of the fabrics improved; the bending elasticity further improved. The conclusions prove the feasibility of the design. By comprehensively evaluating comfort index of the finished samples with fuzzy mathematics method, the conclusions are as follows: in the summer or hot areas, the sample, with which warp density 415/10cm, compact spinning cotton and Chinese long staple cotton 50~s/2 yarn as the warp and the weft is the most comfortable; in the winter or cold areas, the sample, with which warp density 415/10cm, compact spinning cotton 50~s/2 yarn as the warp and the weft is the most comfortable. The antitoxic clothing from the plant is suitable in the winter or cold areas.
本课题重点就是找到一种环境友好型纤维,在保证防毒服外层面料的功能要求和基本力学性能的基础上,进一步改善防毒服外层面料的舒适性。
为了采用原有的后整理工艺,所选原料应与现有防毒服采用的棉纤维在性能上接近。决定选用纱线原料为:Richel纱40~s、普通棉紧密纺纱50~s、国产长绒棉50~s、埃及长绒棉50~s、Lyocell纱48~s。通过对单纱进行合股及织物结构参数的确定,完成了小样试织的准备工作。小样试织完成后,对其面密度、厚度、断裂强力进行测试,从中找出了满足基本性能要求的试样。进一步测试选出试样的撕破强力、透湿性、透气性、保温性,通过基本性能和舒适性指标的综合评价,确定了进行中样试织的织物的结构参数为:用普通棉紧密纺纱50~s/2、普通棉紧密纺纱与国产长绒棉合股线50~s/2、普通棉紧密纺纱50~s与Lyocell48~s合股线作为经纬纱,经密415根/10cm,纬密212根/10cm,织物组织为2/2斜纹。
按照现有的防毒整理技术对中样进行后整理,通过对比整理前后试样的基本力学性能和舒适性指标,并与工厂现有防毒服外层面料和孟粉叶的试样进行对比,得出:设计试样达到了更加轻薄的目的,除了纬向断裂强力,其他力学性能得到提高;设计试样的透湿性、透气性得到了明显改善,保温性提高了;试样的悬垂性得到了明显改善,弯曲弹性有待于进一步提高,从而证明了设计方案的可行性。用模糊数学法对整理后试样的舒适性指标进行了综合评价,得出:在夏季或天气较热地区,经纬纱为普通棉紧密纺纱与国产长绒棉合股线50~s/2,经纬密为415×212的试样最舒适;在冬季或天气较冷地区,经纬纱为普通棉紧密纺纱50~s/2,经纬密为415×212的试样最舒适,工厂成品适于在冬季或天气较冷的地区使用。
The antitoxic clothing can protect the people who are working in the toxic environments against the toxic gas and liquid. In the process of the antitoxic clothing development there are some contradictions between the protection and physiological properties. In the premise of meeting the functional requirements, the comfort problems due to thickness and weightiness appear to be particularly prominent. The main problem to be solved is to improve the comfort of the antitoxic clothing, and ensure the functional requirements and basic mechanical properties at the same time. With the antitoxic requirements, it's generally difficult to improve the comfort of the outer layer fabric in the antitoxic clothing by changing antitoxic technology. Therefore, by improving the comfort of the outer layer fabric of the antitoxic clothing to realise the comfort improvement of antitoxic clothing has become the main direction of the relevant researches.
On the basis of meeting functional requirements and basic mechanical properties, the key point is to find an environment friendly fiber to improve the comfort of the outer layer fabric of the antitoxic clothing.
In order to use the original finishing technology, the performance of the selected materials should be close to cotton which is used in existed antitoxic clothing. Riche140~s, cotton of compact spinning50~s, Chinese long staple cotton 50~s, Egypt long staple cotton 50~s, Lyocel148~s and compact spinning cotton50~s/2 from the plants are selected as materials. The preparations of weaving include doubling of single yarn and setting the weaving parameters of the fabrics. After the weaving, by testing the area density, thickness, tensile strength of the fabrics, samples which can meet basic performance requirements are achieved. The tearing strength, moisture permeability, air permeability and heat insulating ability of the selected samples are tested. By comprehensively evaluating the basic performance and the comfort index, the parameters of three weaving fabrics are achieved. The parameters are as follows: cotton of compact spinning50~s/2, cotton of compact spinning and Chinese long staple cotton 50~s/2, cotton of compact spinning 50~s and Lyocel148~s are as warps and wefts; warp density is 415/10cm and weft density is 212/10cm; fabric weave 2/2 twill.
The three sample fabrics are finished with the original finishing technology. By comparing the basic mechanical properties and comfort index with the antitoxic clothing produced in the plant and Meng fenye's testing results, some conclusions are as follows: the weight and thickness of the designed samples are decreased; the weft tensile strength decreased; the warp tensile strength increased; the moisture permeability and air permeability improved; the heat insulating ability of the fabrics increased; the drape properties of the fabrics improved; the bending elasticity further improved. The conclusions prove the feasibility of the design. By comprehensively evaluating comfort index of the finished samples with fuzzy mathematics method, the conclusions are as follows: in the summer or hot areas, the sample, with which warp density 415/10cm, compact spinning cotton and Chinese long staple cotton 50~s/2 yarn as the warp and the weft is the most comfortable; in the winter or cold areas, the sample, with which warp density 415/10cm, compact spinning cotton 50~s/2 yarn as the warp and the weft is the most comfortable. The antitoxic clothing from the plant is suitable in the winter or cold areas.
引文
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[2]郭晓芳,李俊.防护服装的应用及发展趋势[J].中国个体防护装备,2007(6):16-19.
[3]杨彩云.产业用纺织品[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,1998(1):20-24.
[4]李小银.防毒服装发展史话(上)[J].轻兵器,2002(7):38-39.
[5]高建会.防护服的开发及其前景[J].服装世界,2003(4):15-18.
[6]杨莉.活性炭纤维在军事防护服中的应用[D].长春工业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[7]李小银.防毒服装发展史话(下)[J].轻兵器,2002(7):37.
[8]王浩,李全明.军用防护服的种类及发展趋势[J].产业用纺织品,2001,19(9):4-6.
[9]施楣梧.特种纤维制品与单兵防护装备[J]纺织导报,2004(5):31-32.
[10]季国标,郭玉海,施楣梧.98英国个体防护装备研讨会简介[C].]999(3):21-23.
[11]Holmer I.Protective clothing and heat stress[J].Ergonomics.1995,38(1):166.
[12]于万樵.防毒服材料现状及发展趋势[J].中国个体防护装备,1998(2):11-14.
[13]夏武,夏云凤.一种多功能防护服及头罩:中国,03227624.9[P].2004-03-31.
[14]杨培英,刘晋娜,崔亦斌,等.新型多功能防护服:中国200420059840.7[P].2005-09-07.
[15]李俊,张向辉,王云仪,等.一种可全面防护多种危害因素的复合织物:中国200710039721.3[P].2007-09-19.
[16]Akin Esref.Three layer fabric for nuclear,biology and chemical protective clothing:Turkey,0717419.6[P].2009-09-07.
[17]于伟东,储才元.纺织物理[M].上海:东华大学出版社,2001:401.
[18]吕进.服装舒适性与影响因素的综合评价[J].棉纺织技术,1999,27(8):12-14.
[19]张技术,佟立民.着装舒适性影响因素的探讨[J].北京纺织,2005,26(4):60-62.
[20]Breaking with tradition.CBRNe WORLD Spring 2007.http://www.cbmeworld.com.
[21]余序芬,鲍燕萍,吴兆平,刘若华.纺织材枓试验技术[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,2004(3):304.
[22]Anthoney Shawn Deaton,Don B.Thompson著,吴英泽,方易校.防护服舒适性的评价方法[J].产业用纺织品,2003,21(7):33-39.
[23]于万樵,李雷,霍晓兵等.防油一吸附型防毒材料的研究[C].中国化学会第五届防化学术讨论会论文集.北京:中国化学会,2001:190-196.
[24]栾少兵.涤纶短纤维生产过程的危害分析及防范对策[J].石油化工安全环保技术,2009,25(1):39-42.
[25]郝新敏,张建春.腈氯纶纤维的性能及应用研究[J].中国个体防护装备,2001(4):12-15.
[26]张建春,钟铮.腈氯纶阻燃纤维生产技术及应用[J].中国劳动防扩用品,2000(2):30-33.
[27]孟粉叶,陈旭炜,李毓陵等.防毒服基布的轻薄化没计[J].产业用纺织品,2008,26(10):5-8.
[28]许兰杰,郭昕.Richel纤维的性能及应用.合成纤维[J],2008(3):6-8.
[29]朱碧红.丽赛织物服用性能研究及新产品开发[D]苏州入学高等学校教师硕十学位论文,2008.
[30]许兰杰,郭昕.丽赛纤维的性能及应用[J].合成纤维,2008(3):6-8.
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