YH30-400液压机机身结构的有限元分析与优化
摘要
液压机是生产大型模锻件的重要的压力加工设备。传统方法设计的机身结构存在结构冗余、材料使用偏保守等弊端,致使产品重量大,成本高、效益低,削弱了产品竞争力等诸多弊端。有限元分析和结构优化等CAE技术的应用,对于缩短产品开发周期,提高产品质量,降低制造成本,增强企业竞争力具有重要意义。本论文以YH30-400液压机机身为研究对象,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS作为分析工具,进行有限元静态特性分析,并根据分析结果进行机身结构优化设计研究。本文的主要研究内容和结论有:
(1)对液压机机身进行静态有限元分析。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS的参数化编程语言APDL,采用四面体实体单元建立机身的三维有限元模型,计算在满载荷状态(即400吨压力)下机身的变形大小和应力分布。机身的变形主要是指角变形,最大应力发生在下横梁与立柱连接圆角处,结果数据证明与实际情况相符。
(2)提取静态有限元分析结果,并设置机身的数个焊接板的厚度为设计变量,以满足机身刚度和强度为约束条件,以机身的总体积为目标函数,利用APDL编写优化分析文件和优化控制文件的程序。采用子问题法对机身进行结构优化设计,得到了当前条件下最优化的设计参数,有效降低了机身重量,达到轻量化的目标。
本文所做的静态有限元分析校验了机身结构的变形和应力分布规律,结构优化分析为以后的设计提供了方法与参考,具有一定的理论意义和实际应用价值。
Hydraulic press is an important smithery mechanism in producing the large-size forgings. There are many problems in frame structure by traditional design method such as long period, structure redundancy, high cost and lack of validation etc. The application of finite element analysis and structural optimization is significant in shortening the period of production development, in creasing the quality of production, reducing the cost of manufacture and improving the enterprise competitive ability. Static characteristics of finite element analysis for the frame of YH30-400 press are researched in this present dissertation using finite element analysis software ANSYS, and some optimal designs of press frame structure have been recommended based on the results of analysis. The main research contents and results of this paper as follows:
(1)Static characteristics of finite element analysis for the frame of the press is researched. 3D-FEM model of the frame using tetrahedron solid element is built up by APDL of ANSYS, and calculated the distribution of stress and deformation of the frame in circumstance of full load(400 ton). The primacy deformation of the frame is angular deformation, the maximal stress is found in the connection corner of lower-beam and upright post. The result is approximately equal with the fact.
(2)Extracting the results of static characteristics of finite element analysis, setting the thickness of several steel plates of frame as design variables, taking the intensity and rigidity as the constraint condition, taking the whole volume of the frame as the subject function, compilling the design program of optimal analysis file and optimization file with APDL. The accurate and best design parameters are obtained by taking the sub-problem method, and the weight of frame is reduced effectively, the goal of light weight is maked.
Static characteristics of finite element analysis for the frame testified the deformation and the stress distribution, structural optimal analysis offers the design after some method and reference, and has important theoretical meaning and application value.
(1)对液压机机身进行静态有限元分析。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS的参数化编程语言APDL,采用四面体实体单元建立机身的三维有限元模型,计算在满载荷状态(即400吨压力)下机身的变形大小和应力分布。机身的变形主要是指角变形,最大应力发生在下横梁与立柱连接圆角处,结果数据证明与实际情况相符。
(2)提取静态有限元分析结果,并设置机身的数个焊接板的厚度为设计变量,以满足机身刚度和强度为约束条件,以机身的总体积为目标函数,利用APDL编写优化分析文件和优化控制文件的程序。采用子问题法对机身进行结构优化设计,得到了当前条件下最优化的设计参数,有效降低了机身重量,达到轻量化的目标。
本文所做的静态有限元分析校验了机身结构的变形和应力分布规律,结构优化分析为以后的设计提供了方法与参考,具有一定的理论意义和实际应用价值。
Hydraulic press is an important smithery mechanism in producing the large-size forgings. There are many problems in frame structure by traditional design method such as long period, structure redundancy, high cost and lack of validation etc. The application of finite element analysis and structural optimization is significant in shortening the period of production development, in creasing the quality of production, reducing the cost of manufacture and improving the enterprise competitive ability. Static characteristics of finite element analysis for the frame of YH30-400 press are researched in this present dissertation using finite element analysis software ANSYS, and some optimal designs of press frame structure have been recommended based on the results of analysis. The main research contents and results of this paper as follows:
(1)Static characteristics of finite element analysis for the frame of the press is researched. 3D-FEM model of the frame using tetrahedron solid element is built up by APDL of ANSYS, and calculated the distribution of stress and deformation of the frame in circumstance of full load(400 ton). The primacy deformation of the frame is angular deformation, the maximal stress is found in the connection corner of lower-beam and upright post. The result is approximately equal with the fact.
(2)Extracting the results of static characteristics of finite element analysis, setting the thickness of several steel plates of frame as design variables, taking the intensity and rigidity as the constraint condition, taking the whole volume of the frame as the subject function, compilling the design program of optimal analysis file and optimization file with APDL. The accurate and best design parameters are obtained by taking the sub-problem method, and the weight of frame is reduced effectively, the goal of light weight is maked.
Static characteristics of finite element analysis for the frame testified the deformation and the stress distribution, structural optimal analysis offers the design after some method and reference, and has important theoretical meaning and application value.
引文
[1]丁树模,姚如一.液压传动.北京:机械工业出版社,1992:5
[2]天津锻压机床厂.中小型压力机设计计算.天津:天津人民出版,1977:1-2,93-140
[3]俞新陆.液压机.北京:机械工业出版社,1992:2-3
[4]俞新陆.液压机现代设计理论,北京:机械工业出版社,1987:31-38
[5]朱钒,李庆亮.国内外液压机技术现状及发展趋势.机床与液压,2000(1):6-7
[6]王卫卫.材料成形设备.北京:机械工业出版社,2004,10:86-116
[7]刘鸿文,材料力学,北京,人民教育出版社,1981
[8]何德誉,曲柄压力机,北京,机械工业出版社,1981,129-152
[9]梁森,开式数控回转头压力机机身角变形的计算,锻压机械,1995(3):15-17
[10]梁森,开式数控回转头压力机机身的振动,锻压机械,1997(2)14-17
[11]沈鸿,12000吨锻造水压机,北京,机械工业出版社,1980,15-38
[12] Kurovich AN, Belousov Iya, Shukha OM.Status and Development of Hydraulic PressProduction. Tyazheloe Mashinostroenie,2004,3:46-50
[13] Lee VD.Configuration Development of a Hydraulic Press for Preloading the Toroidal Field Coils of the Compact Ignition Tokamak.IEEE,1987:208-211
[14]秦勇.液压机技术的现状与发展趋势.煤矿机械,2000(11):3-4
[15]朱钒,张志.国内外液压机技术现状及发展趋势.机床与液压,2000(1):6-7
[16]陈超丽,阳林.液压成形设备的发展新趋势.液压与气动,2005(11):58-60
[17]张祖芳,仲太生,许超.开式压力机机身轻量化设计.研究锻压装备与制造技术,2003(3):26-28
[18]秦东晨,祁建中,张明成,武红霞,陈江义.液压机横梁结构的优化设计.锻压技术,2004(2):49-52
[19]郭柏林,冯瑞年,王军. YA322500四立柱液压机下横梁的结构优化设计.湖北工业大学学报,2008(6):55-57
[20]王俊领.4200瓜轧机机架三维有限元分析.重型机械.1996(3):35-39
[21]史宝军,鹿晓阳,王保岭.开式压力机床身有限元分析与结构优选.力学与实践,2000(2):35-38
[22]侯晓望,童水光基于有限元分析的液压机结构优化.重型机械,2005(4):46-48
[23]钟伟弘,徐燕申.基于广义模块化的整体框架式液压机机身结构的优化设计.重型机械,2004(12):47-50
[24]叶宏克,周照耀,邵明粉末液压成形设备框架机身的有限元分析与结构改进.机床与液压,2007(3):179-180
[25]吴生富金淼聂绍珉大型锻造液压机全预紧组合机架的整体性及影响因素分析.塑性工程学报,2006(4):110-113
[26] Neumann M,Hahn H. ComPuter simulation and dynamic analysis of a mechanical pess based on different engineer models.Mathematics and Computers in simulation.1998(46):559-574
[27] M.Arentoft,M.Eriksen,T.Wanheheim.Determinaion of six stiffnesses for press[J]Journa1of Materials processing Technology.105(2000):246-251
[28]刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.9
[29]丁科,陈月顺.有限单元法.北京:北京大学出版社,2006.1
[30]张朝晖,李树奎.ANSYS11.0有限元分析理论与工程应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2008.3
[31]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程(第二版).北京:高等教育出版社. 1983.5
[32]薛强,弹性力学.北京:北京大学出版社
[33]揭钱发,陈有雄等.开式压力机造型初探[J].锻压机械95(5):39-42
[34]博嘉科技,有限元分析软件—ANSYS融会与贯通.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[35]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.4
[36]博弈创作室.ANSYS9.0经典产品高级分析技术与实例详解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[37]蔡春源,机械设计手册.1990年12月:20
[38]章争荣,孙友松等开式数控回转头压力机机身结构及其对刚度的影响阴锻压机械.2001(3):32-34
[39]高健.机械优化设计基础.北京:科学出版社,2000:44-124
[40]谢祚水.结构优化设计概论.北京:国防工业出版社,1997.5
[41]陈立周.机械优化设计方法.北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.3
[42]陈立周.工程离散变量优化设计一原理与应用.北京:机械工业出版,1989:1-8075
[43]刘惟信,机械最优化设计(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2000:7-11,36-37
[44]刘强.多点成形压力机机架结构的有限元数值模拟及优化设计[吉林大学工学硕士学位论文].2004:5-6,19-20,26-27,40-41
[45]美国ANSYS公司北京办事处.ANSYS高级技术分析指南,1998:103-207
[46]祝笑华,余志祥.ANSYS高级下程有限元范例精选.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.10:362-367,382-397,404-408
[47]余伟炜,高炳军.ANSYS在机械与化工装各中的应用.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.10:144-154,277-302
[48]张朝晖,ANSYS11.0结构分析工程应用实例解析.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.1
[2]天津锻压机床厂.中小型压力机设计计算.天津:天津人民出版,1977:1-2,93-140
[3]俞新陆.液压机.北京:机械工业出版社,1992:2-3
[4]俞新陆.液压机现代设计理论,北京:机械工业出版社,1987:31-38
[5]朱钒,李庆亮.国内外液压机技术现状及发展趋势.机床与液压,2000(1):6-7
[6]王卫卫.材料成形设备.北京:机械工业出版社,2004,10:86-116
[7]刘鸿文,材料力学,北京,人民教育出版社,1981
[8]何德誉,曲柄压力机,北京,机械工业出版社,1981,129-152
[9]梁森,开式数控回转头压力机机身角变形的计算,锻压机械,1995(3):15-17
[10]梁森,开式数控回转头压力机机身的振动,锻压机械,1997(2)14-17
[11]沈鸿,12000吨锻造水压机,北京,机械工业出版社,1980,15-38
[12] Kurovich AN, Belousov Iya, Shukha OM.Status and Development of Hydraulic PressProduction. Tyazheloe Mashinostroenie,2004,3:46-50
[13] Lee VD.Configuration Development of a Hydraulic Press for Preloading the Toroidal Field Coils of the Compact Ignition Tokamak.IEEE,1987:208-211
[14]秦勇.液压机技术的现状与发展趋势.煤矿机械,2000(11):3-4
[15]朱钒,张志.国内外液压机技术现状及发展趋势.机床与液压,2000(1):6-7
[16]陈超丽,阳林.液压成形设备的发展新趋势.液压与气动,2005(11):58-60
[17]张祖芳,仲太生,许超.开式压力机机身轻量化设计.研究锻压装备与制造技术,2003(3):26-28
[18]秦东晨,祁建中,张明成,武红霞,陈江义.液压机横梁结构的优化设计.锻压技术,2004(2):49-52
[19]郭柏林,冯瑞年,王军. YA322500四立柱液压机下横梁的结构优化设计.湖北工业大学学报,2008(6):55-57
[20]王俊领.4200瓜轧机机架三维有限元分析.重型机械.1996(3):35-39
[21]史宝军,鹿晓阳,王保岭.开式压力机床身有限元分析与结构优选.力学与实践,2000(2):35-38
[22]侯晓望,童水光基于有限元分析的液压机结构优化.重型机械,2005(4):46-48
[23]钟伟弘,徐燕申.基于广义模块化的整体框架式液压机机身结构的优化设计.重型机械,2004(12):47-50
[24]叶宏克,周照耀,邵明粉末液压成形设备框架机身的有限元分析与结构改进.机床与液压,2007(3):179-180
[25]吴生富金淼聂绍珉大型锻造液压机全预紧组合机架的整体性及影响因素分析.塑性工程学报,2006(4):110-113
[26] Neumann M,Hahn H. ComPuter simulation and dynamic analysis of a mechanical pess based on different engineer models.Mathematics and Computers in simulation.1998(46):559-574
[27] M.Arentoft,M.Eriksen,T.Wanheheim.Determinaion of six stiffnesses for press[J]Journa1of Materials processing Technology.105(2000):246-251
[28]刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.9
[29]丁科,陈月顺.有限单元法.北京:北京大学出版社,2006.1
[30]张朝晖,李树奎.ANSYS11.0有限元分析理论与工程应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2008.3
[31]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程(第二版).北京:高等教育出版社. 1983.5
[32]薛强,弹性力学.北京:北京大学出版社
[33]揭钱发,陈有雄等.开式压力机造型初探[J].锻压机械95(5):39-42
[34]博嘉科技,有限元分析软件—ANSYS融会与贯通.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[35]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.4
[36]博弈创作室.ANSYS9.0经典产品高级分析技术与实例详解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[37]蔡春源,机械设计手册.1990年12月:20
[38]章争荣,孙友松等开式数控回转头压力机机身结构及其对刚度的影响阴锻压机械.2001(3):32-34
[39]高健.机械优化设计基础.北京:科学出版社,2000:44-124
[40]谢祚水.结构优化设计概论.北京:国防工业出版社,1997.5
[41]陈立周.机械优化设计方法.北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.3
[42]陈立周.工程离散变量优化设计一原理与应用.北京:机械工业出版,1989:1-8075
[43]刘惟信,机械最优化设计(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2000:7-11,36-37
[44]刘强.多点成形压力机机架结构的有限元数值模拟及优化设计[吉林大学工学硕士学位论文].2004:5-6,19-20,26-27,40-41
[45]美国ANSYS公司北京办事处.ANSYS高级技术分析指南,1998:103-207
[46]祝笑华,余志祥.ANSYS高级下程有限元范例精选.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.10:362-367,382-397,404-408
[47]余伟炜,高炳军.ANSYS在机械与化工装各中的应用.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.10:144-154,277-302
[48]张朝晖,ANSYS11.0结构分析工程应用实例解析.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.1
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