钢筋锈蚀对混凝土梁构件力学行为影响的研究
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摘要
钢筋锈蚀是影响混凝土梁构件耐久性的最重要因素之一。钢筋锈蚀不仅导致钢筋自身有效面积减少和力学性能下降,还将导致混凝土保护层开裂和钢筋与混凝土粘结性能退化,最终导致混凝土梁构件产生一系列的力学行为劣化,如：破坏模式转变、承载能力下降、延性降低等。为了保证混凝土结构服役阶段的安全性,开展钢筋锈蚀对混凝土梁构件力学行为影响的研究是十分必要的。
本文的研究工作主要沿着以下两方面开展：
1.通过21根锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的试验研究,重点考查钢筋锈蚀对混凝土梁的破坏模式、承载能力等方面所产生的影响,揭示钢筋锈蚀程度的发展对混凝土梁力学行为劣化过程的影响机理；
2.通过15根锈蚀空心板铰缝的试验研究,重点考查铰缝钢筋锈蚀造成的铰缝损伤对铰缝两侧连接的空心板的协同工作的影响。在此基础上,对铰缝结构状态劣化与空心板桥面结构协同工作性之间的关系进行研究。
本文所完成的主要成果如下：
1.基于混凝土梁结构基本理论,建立了纵筋粘结滑移和纵筋粘结未滑移两种情况下的锈蚀混凝土梁受弯、受剪承载力计算公式,对锈蚀混凝土梁随纵筋、箍筋锈蚀程度的发展可能产生的破坏模式进行了讨论和分析；
2.设计了四组不同剪跨比、不同配箍率的混凝土试验梁。首先采用通电法对梁内纵筋、箍筋进行加速锈蚀,进而进行静载试验。试验结果发现：①钢筋未锈蚀时弯曲破坏的梁,随着纵筋、箍筋锈蚀程度的发展,依次出现了剪压、粘结-剪压破坏(锈蚀梁发生由于纵向受力钢筋锈蚀而导致的粘结撕裂破坏)。②钢筋未锈蚀时剪压破坏的梁,随着钢筋锈蚀程度的发展,出现粘结-剪压破坏；
3.试验分析发现,钢筋锈蚀程度的发展将导致混凝土梁产生破坏模式的转变：①试件纵筋锈蚀程度不大时,随着箍筋锈蚀程度的增加,导致试件受剪抗力低于受弯抗力,混凝土梁由弯曲破坏转变为剪压破坏；②随着钢筋锈蚀程度的增加,特别是纵筋锈蚀较严重的情况下,由于受拉纵注：本研究得到国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号：50878211),交通部西部交通科技项目(编号：200631822302-04)资助。筋与混凝土的粘结性能遭到严重破坏,锈蚀纵筋与混凝土间的粘结强度成为导致构件破坏的控制原因,混凝土梁由剪压破坏转变为粘结-剪压破坏；
4.研究结果表明：当粘结强度足以保证锈蚀钢筋与混凝土的共同工作时,构件发生材料强度破坏；当粘结强度由于锈蚀不能保证锈蚀钢筋与混凝土的共同工作时,构件发生粘结失效破坏；
5.通过分析研究,得到随纵筋、箍筋锈蚀程度发展的锈蚀混凝土梁破坏模式转变条件,揭示了混凝土弯剪构件随钢筋锈蚀程度发展的破坏规律；
6.研究结果表明,当混凝土结构纵筋直径越大或混凝土强度越低时,钢筋锈蚀对结构产生滑移失效越为敏感,基于研究结果提出锈胀裂缝宽度的建议限值；
7.通过对试验梁的受力变形特点的分析,对锈蚀混凝土梁的跨中变形进行了分析计算。通过与试验实测数据的比较,进一步验证了本文所推断的试验梁破坏类型的正确性；
8.基于本研究成果,对现行的JTG D62-2004和JTJ267-98中的有关钢筋配置条文进行了分析,提出了恶劣服役环境下混凝土梁最小配筋的取值建议：JTG D62-2004规范的最小钢筋量配置是基本合适的,而JTJ267-98规范给定的钢筋量配置应适当提高；
9.分析了铰缝钢筋锈蚀造成的铰缝结构损伤,基于损伤力学基本原理,定义了反映铰缝两侧空心板肢挠度差异的空心板协同工作系数中。基于有关规范,对其取值的合理范围进行了讨论；
10.基于因素分析法,建立了中的计算表达式,并根据试验结果回归确定了该表达式中的待定参数。广泛验证的结果表明,该表达式可以表征铰缝结构性能变化对空心板协同工作性的影响程度；
11.引入铰缝钢筋锈蚀随时间的变化规律,建立了空心板铰缝协同工作性能随时间变化的评价模型。对常用的深、中、浅3种空心板铰缝形式的耐久性进行了评价。
Steel corrosion is one of the most crucial and influential factors on the durability of the concrete members, which not only decreases the effective area and mechanical property of steel bar itself, but also leads to the cracking of the concrete cover and the retrogression of bond capacity between steel bar and concrete, and finally results into a series of degrading behaviors, such as: the failure mode changing, carrying capacity declining, ductility reducing and so on. Therefore, it is very necessary to do some research on the mechanical behavior of concrete members due to reinforcement corrosion so as to guarantee the security of the concrete structure during services period.
There are two parts involved in this paper:
1. Based on the experimental researches on the21concrete beams with corrosion steel, in order to reveal the impact mechanism to the degradation process of mechanical behavior of concrete beam with the development of steel corrosion,the influences of the steel corrosion on failure mode and carrying capacity of the concrete beams were the main focused research contents;
2. Based on the experimental researches on15hollow hinge joints with corrosion steel, the influences of the damage caused by steel corrosion on cooperative working performances of hollow slabs was the main focused research content. According to the researches, the relationship of the hinge joint deterioration and hollow slabs cooperative working performances was studied in the paper.
The main achievements as follows:
1. Based on the basic theory of concrete beams, two computational formulas were established to respectively calculate the bending and the shearing capacity considering two different step situations:longitudinal steels bond slippage and longitudinal steels not, and the possible failure modes of concrete beams with the development of the stirrup and longitudinal steel corrosion were also discussed;
2. Four groups of experimental concrete beams with two kinds of shear span ratio and stirrup ratio were designed in this paper. Before the static load test, the DC power method was used to accelerate the corrosion of and longitudinal stirrup steels. According to the static load test results, with the corrosion development of the longitudinal and stirrup steels, it was found that:①the bending failure beam will transform to compression-shearing failure and later bond-compression-shearing failure.②the compression-shearing failure beam will transform to bond-compression-shearing failure;
3. From the experiment results, it was known that the development of steel corrosion would induce the concrete beams to different failure modes:①When the longitudinal steel corrosion was not serious, with the increasing of the stirrup corrosion, the beam's shearing capacity would be less than the bending capacity, so the concrete beam would transform from bending failure to compression-shearing failure;②With the development of the steel corrosion, especially when the longitudinal steel corrosion was serious, the bond performance between the corrosive longitudinal steels and the concrete would be the controlling factor for the failure mode, so the concrete beam would transform from compression-shearing failure to bond-compression-shearing failure;
4. The results show that:when the bond strength between the steel bar and concrete was able to guarantee the collaborative work of the corrosive steels and the concrete, the concrete beam would occur material strength failure; otherwise, which would occur bond failure;
5. Through analysis and researches, the conditions for the transformation of the failure mode and the failure regulation of the concrete beam due to longitudinal and stirrup steel corrosion were established;
6. According to the research results, the bigger the diameter of the longitudinal steel is or the lower the concrete strength is, the more probably the cohesion failure would occur. According to this, the enabled limit for the cracking width of the concrete cover due to steel corrosion was suggestion;
7. According to the analysis for the deformation feature of the experimental beams, the mid-span deflections were calculated. After comparison with the experimental data, the validity of the conclusion was better certified;
8. There are also some advices for current JTG D62-2004and JTJ267-98standard:For the concrete beams service in severe conditions, the minimum steel quantity in JTG D62-2004is appropriately proper, while the steel quantity in JTJ267-98would need to increase;
9. According to the hinge joint damage caused by steel corrosion, based on damage mechanics theory, cooperative working coefficient (?) was defined to reflect the deflection differences of the two hollow slabs on both sides of the hinge joint. Reference to the relevant code, reasonable range of (p was suggested;
10. According to factor analysis approach, the formula of (?)p was established by regression method. After extensive validation, it was believed that the formula can reveal influential degree that the hinge joint performance changing on cooperative working performance of the hollow slabs;
11. According to the time-varying regulation of the steel corrosion on hinged joint, the time-varying evaluation model of the cooperative working performance of the hollow slabs was established. Then the durability evaluation of the deep, medium and shallow hinged joints was carried out in this paper.
本文的研究工作主要沿着以下两方面开展：
1.通过21根锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的试验研究,重点考查钢筋锈蚀对混凝土梁的破坏模式、承载能力等方面所产生的影响,揭示钢筋锈蚀程度的发展对混凝土梁力学行为劣化过程的影响机理；
2.通过15根锈蚀空心板铰缝的试验研究,重点考查铰缝钢筋锈蚀造成的铰缝损伤对铰缝两侧连接的空心板的协同工作的影响。在此基础上,对铰缝结构状态劣化与空心板桥面结构协同工作性之间的关系进行研究。
本文所完成的主要成果如下：
1.基于混凝土梁结构基本理论,建立了纵筋粘结滑移和纵筋粘结未滑移两种情况下的锈蚀混凝土梁受弯、受剪承载力计算公式,对锈蚀混凝土梁随纵筋、箍筋锈蚀程度的发展可能产生的破坏模式进行了讨论和分析；
2.设计了四组不同剪跨比、不同配箍率的混凝土试验梁。首先采用通电法对梁内纵筋、箍筋进行加速锈蚀,进而进行静载试验。试验结果发现：①钢筋未锈蚀时弯曲破坏的梁,随着纵筋、箍筋锈蚀程度的发展,依次出现了剪压、粘结-剪压破坏(锈蚀梁发生由于纵向受力钢筋锈蚀而导致的粘结撕裂破坏)。②钢筋未锈蚀时剪压破坏的梁,随着钢筋锈蚀程度的发展,出现粘结-剪压破坏；
3.试验分析发现,钢筋锈蚀程度的发展将导致混凝土梁产生破坏模式的转变：①试件纵筋锈蚀程度不大时,随着箍筋锈蚀程度的增加,导致试件受剪抗力低于受弯抗力,混凝土梁由弯曲破坏转变为剪压破坏；②随着钢筋锈蚀程度的增加,特别是纵筋锈蚀较严重的情况下,由于受拉纵注：本研究得到国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号：50878211),交通部西部交通科技项目(编号：200631822302-04)资助。筋与混凝土的粘结性能遭到严重破坏,锈蚀纵筋与混凝土间的粘结强度成为导致构件破坏的控制原因,混凝土梁由剪压破坏转变为粘结-剪压破坏；
4.研究结果表明：当粘结强度足以保证锈蚀钢筋与混凝土的共同工作时,构件发生材料强度破坏；当粘结强度由于锈蚀不能保证锈蚀钢筋与混凝土的共同工作时,构件发生粘结失效破坏；
5.通过分析研究,得到随纵筋、箍筋锈蚀程度发展的锈蚀混凝土梁破坏模式转变条件,揭示了混凝土弯剪构件随钢筋锈蚀程度发展的破坏规律；
6.研究结果表明,当混凝土结构纵筋直径越大或混凝土强度越低时,钢筋锈蚀对结构产生滑移失效越为敏感,基于研究结果提出锈胀裂缝宽度的建议限值；
7.通过对试验梁的受力变形特点的分析,对锈蚀混凝土梁的跨中变形进行了分析计算。通过与试验实测数据的比较,进一步验证了本文所推断的试验梁破坏类型的正确性；
8.基于本研究成果,对现行的JTG D62-2004和JTJ267-98中的有关钢筋配置条文进行了分析,提出了恶劣服役环境下混凝土梁最小配筋的取值建议：JTG D62-2004规范的最小钢筋量配置是基本合适的,而JTJ267-98规范给定的钢筋量配置应适当提高；
9.分析了铰缝钢筋锈蚀造成的铰缝结构损伤,基于损伤力学基本原理,定义了反映铰缝两侧空心板肢挠度差异的空心板协同工作系数中。基于有关规范,对其取值的合理范围进行了讨论；
10.基于因素分析法,建立了中的计算表达式,并根据试验结果回归确定了该表达式中的待定参数。广泛验证的结果表明,该表达式可以表征铰缝结构性能变化对空心板协同工作性的影响程度；
11.引入铰缝钢筋锈蚀随时间的变化规律,建立了空心板铰缝协同工作性能随时间变化的评价模型。对常用的深、中、浅3种空心板铰缝形式的耐久性进行了评价。
Steel corrosion is one of the most crucial and influential factors on the durability of the concrete members, which not only decreases the effective area and mechanical property of steel bar itself, but also leads to the cracking of the concrete cover and the retrogression of bond capacity between steel bar and concrete, and finally results into a series of degrading behaviors, such as: the failure mode changing, carrying capacity declining, ductility reducing and so on. Therefore, it is very necessary to do some research on the mechanical behavior of concrete members due to reinforcement corrosion so as to guarantee the security of the concrete structure during services period.
There are two parts involved in this paper:
1. Based on the experimental researches on the21concrete beams with corrosion steel, in order to reveal the impact mechanism to the degradation process of mechanical behavior of concrete beam with the development of steel corrosion,the influences of the steel corrosion on failure mode and carrying capacity of the concrete beams were the main focused research contents;
2. Based on the experimental researches on15hollow hinge joints with corrosion steel, the influences of the damage caused by steel corrosion on cooperative working performances of hollow slabs was the main focused research content. According to the researches, the relationship of the hinge joint deterioration and hollow slabs cooperative working performances was studied in the paper.
The main achievements as follows:
1. Based on the basic theory of concrete beams, two computational formulas were established to respectively calculate the bending and the shearing capacity considering two different step situations:longitudinal steels bond slippage and longitudinal steels not, and the possible failure modes of concrete beams with the development of the stirrup and longitudinal steel corrosion were also discussed;
2. Four groups of experimental concrete beams with two kinds of shear span ratio and stirrup ratio were designed in this paper. Before the static load test, the DC power method was used to accelerate the corrosion of and longitudinal stirrup steels. According to the static load test results, with the corrosion development of the longitudinal and stirrup steels, it was found that:①the bending failure beam will transform to compression-shearing failure and later bond-compression-shearing failure.②the compression-shearing failure beam will transform to bond-compression-shearing failure;
3. From the experiment results, it was known that the development of steel corrosion would induce the concrete beams to different failure modes:①When the longitudinal steel corrosion was not serious, with the increasing of the stirrup corrosion, the beam's shearing capacity would be less than the bending capacity, so the concrete beam would transform from bending failure to compression-shearing failure;②With the development of the steel corrosion, especially when the longitudinal steel corrosion was serious, the bond performance between the corrosive longitudinal steels and the concrete would be the controlling factor for the failure mode, so the concrete beam would transform from compression-shearing failure to bond-compression-shearing failure;
4. The results show that:when the bond strength between the steel bar and concrete was able to guarantee the collaborative work of the corrosive steels and the concrete, the concrete beam would occur material strength failure; otherwise, which would occur bond failure;
5. Through analysis and researches, the conditions for the transformation of the failure mode and the failure regulation of the concrete beam due to longitudinal and stirrup steel corrosion were established;
6. According to the research results, the bigger the diameter of the longitudinal steel is or the lower the concrete strength is, the more probably the cohesion failure would occur. According to this, the enabled limit for the cracking width of the concrete cover due to steel corrosion was suggestion;
7. According to the analysis for the deformation feature of the experimental beams, the mid-span deflections were calculated. After comparison with the experimental data, the validity of the conclusion was better certified;
8. There are also some advices for current JTG D62-2004and JTJ267-98standard:For the concrete beams service in severe conditions, the minimum steel quantity in JTG D62-2004is appropriately proper, while the steel quantity in JTJ267-98would need to increase;
9. According to the hinge joint damage caused by steel corrosion, based on damage mechanics theory, cooperative working coefficient (?) was defined to reflect the deflection differences of the two hollow slabs on both sides of the hinge joint. Reference to the relevant code, reasonable range of (p was suggested;
10. According to factor analysis approach, the formula of (?)p was established by regression method. After extensive validation, it was believed that the formula can reveal influential degree that the hinge joint performance changing on cooperative working performance of the hollow slabs;
11. According to the time-varying regulation of the steel corrosion on hinged joint, the time-varying evaluation model of the cooperative working performance of the hollow slabs was established. Then the durability evaluation of the deep, medium and shallow hinged joints was carried out in this paper.
引文
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