采空区稳定性分析及影响因子研究
摘要
随着人口的增长、国民经济的高速发展,矿产资源的需求也急剧增加。矿产资源在长期的采掘生产过程中,许多矿山形成了数以百计的采空区。特别是一些国有矿山周边的不明采空区,是影响矿山安全生产最主要的危害源之一。本文针对广西南丹高峰矿105号矿体的采空区安全稳定性进行了系统、深入研究,主要内容如下：
(1)结合105号矿体采空区的详勘报告资料,对105号矿体的工程地质条件、水文地质条件、围岩稳固性以及采空区的基本情况进行了解和分析,对采空区的特点进行了归纳总结,并进行了合理的分类。
(2)通过现场取样和室内试验,对105号矿体的围岩以及锡矿体进行了抗压强度、抗拉强度、脆性系数和弹性变形能指数进行了测定,分析了围岩(灰岩)和锡矿体的力学变形特征,为采空区的稳定性评价提供了相关的实验数据。
(3)通过对已经探明的采空区进行分类,将采空区的顶板受力系统合理简化为4个力学模型,分别对4个力学模型进行了受力分析和计算,得出了模型的挠度、应力和应变表达式,并通过具体实例进行了验算。采空区在均布载荷相等的条件下,隔板(采空区顶板)的厚度起决定作用,是影响采空区顶板稳定性的关键因素,顶板厚度越大稳定性就越好。在计算和分析采空区顶板安全厚度时,准确探明采空区特别是叠置采空区的顶板厚度非常重要。
(4)在对采空区稳定性影响因素综合分析的基础上,选取影响采空区稳定性的4类因素,共14项因子作为模糊综合评价预测的因素及因子：矿区地质(地层,构造,围岩蚀变,夹石),岩石各种性能(抗压强度,抗拉强度,弹性变形能指数,冲击能指标等),区域水文地质(矿区主要充水含水层,矿区断裂及其破碎带,老窿水和生产矿井),其它特征因素(岩石风化程度、开挖面积、防护措施),由此构造出广西高峰矿业采空区稳定性二级模糊综合评价模型。并用该模型对3号采空区的稳定性进行了综合评价。
(5)结合目前金属矿山采空区治理方法,针对105号矿体内采空区的基本情况,提出了105号矿体采空区的治理方案以供参考。
With the population growth, rapid development of the national economy, the demand for mineral resources increased dramatically. In the long-term production process of the mineral resources, hundreds of mines have formed many goafs. Particularly some unknown around the state-owned mine goaf is one of the most important damage source to impact on the mine safety. This article carries on a deep and systematic study of the goaf security and stability of the Guangxi Nandan GaoFengMine No.105 ore body. Here are the following major elements.
(1) Combined with the information of the No.105 ore body goaf detailed survey reports. The paper gets the realization and analysis on the engineering geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions, rock solid of the No.105 ore body and the goaf basic state. Moreover the paper gets some summary and reasonable classification of the goaf characteristic.
(2) Through on-site sampling and laboratory tests, the paper gets the mensuration about compressive strength, tensile strength, brittleness coefficient and elastic deformation energy index on the wall rock and tin ore body of the No.105, and the analysis of the surrounding rock and tin ore body about the mechanical deformation characteristics, These afford the relevant experimental data of the stability evaluation of goaf.
(3)The roof stress system can be simplified as 4 mechanical models through the verified mined area classification. We respectively carried on the mechanical analysis and calculations on the models and get the deflection, stress and strain expressions of the models which are checked through concrete examples. Goaf equivalent uniform loading conditions, the diaphragm thickness plays the decisive role in affecting the stability of the goaf roof, thicker roof better stability. In the calculation and analysis of the safe thickness of the goaf roof, it is very important to accurately ascertain goaf particularly the roof thickness of the overlay goaf.
(4) On the basis of comprehensive analysis of stability of goaf, we select four types of factors of affecting the goaf stability, a total of 14 factors as the Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment and Prediction factors:mining geology (stratigraphy, structure, wall rock alteration, and stone), various rock properties (compressive strength, tensile strength, shear strength, water resistance, etc.), regional hydrogeology (mainly water-filled aquifer mining, mining fault and fracture zone, old hole of water and production of mines), and other characteristics of factors (degree of rock weathering, excavation area, protective measures), thus we constructed the model of the Guangxi GaoFeng mining goaf Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of the stability with the second level. With the model, the stability of goaf was evaluated.
(5) Combined with the current metal mine goaf treatment methods, for 105 ore body mined area of the basic situation, it is put forward No.105 ore goaf management program for reference.
(1)结合105号矿体采空区的详勘报告资料,对105号矿体的工程地质条件、水文地质条件、围岩稳固性以及采空区的基本情况进行了解和分析,对采空区的特点进行了归纳总结,并进行了合理的分类。
(2)通过现场取样和室内试验,对105号矿体的围岩以及锡矿体进行了抗压强度、抗拉强度、脆性系数和弹性变形能指数进行了测定,分析了围岩(灰岩)和锡矿体的力学变形特征,为采空区的稳定性评价提供了相关的实验数据。
(3)通过对已经探明的采空区进行分类,将采空区的顶板受力系统合理简化为4个力学模型,分别对4个力学模型进行了受力分析和计算,得出了模型的挠度、应力和应变表达式,并通过具体实例进行了验算。采空区在均布载荷相等的条件下,隔板(采空区顶板)的厚度起决定作用,是影响采空区顶板稳定性的关键因素,顶板厚度越大稳定性就越好。在计算和分析采空区顶板安全厚度时,准确探明采空区特别是叠置采空区的顶板厚度非常重要。
(4)在对采空区稳定性影响因素综合分析的基础上,选取影响采空区稳定性的4类因素,共14项因子作为模糊综合评价预测的因素及因子：矿区地质(地层,构造,围岩蚀变,夹石),岩石各种性能(抗压强度,抗拉强度,弹性变形能指数,冲击能指标等),区域水文地质(矿区主要充水含水层,矿区断裂及其破碎带,老窿水和生产矿井),其它特征因素(岩石风化程度、开挖面积、防护措施),由此构造出广西高峰矿业采空区稳定性二级模糊综合评价模型。并用该模型对3号采空区的稳定性进行了综合评价。
(5)结合目前金属矿山采空区治理方法,针对105号矿体内采空区的基本情况,提出了105号矿体采空区的治理方案以供参考。
With the population growth, rapid development of the national economy, the demand for mineral resources increased dramatically. In the long-term production process of the mineral resources, hundreds of mines have formed many goafs. Particularly some unknown around the state-owned mine goaf is one of the most important damage source to impact on the mine safety. This article carries on a deep and systematic study of the goaf security and stability of the Guangxi Nandan GaoFengMine No.105 ore body. Here are the following major elements.
(1) Combined with the information of the No.105 ore body goaf detailed survey reports. The paper gets the realization and analysis on the engineering geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions, rock solid of the No.105 ore body and the goaf basic state. Moreover the paper gets some summary and reasonable classification of the goaf characteristic.
(2) Through on-site sampling and laboratory tests, the paper gets the mensuration about compressive strength, tensile strength, brittleness coefficient and elastic deformation energy index on the wall rock and tin ore body of the No.105, and the analysis of the surrounding rock and tin ore body about the mechanical deformation characteristics, These afford the relevant experimental data of the stability evaluation of goaf.
(3)The roof stress system can be simplified as 4 mechanical models through the verified mined area classification. We respectively carried on the mechanical analysis and calculations on the models and get the deflection, stress and strain expressions of the models which are checked through concrete examples. Goaf equivalent uniform loading conditions, the diaphragm thickness plays the decisive role in affecting the stability of the goaf roof, thicker roof better stability. In the calculation and analysis of the safe thickness of the goaf roof, it is very important to accurately ascertain goaf particularly the roof thickness of the overlay goaf.
(4) On the basis of comprehensive analysis of stability of goaf, we select four types of factors of affecting the goaf stability, a total of 14 factors as the Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment and Prediction factors:mining geology (stratigraphy, structure, wall rock alteration, and stone), various rock properties (compressive strength, tensile strength, shear strength, water resistance, etc.), regional hydrogeology (mainly water-filled aquifer mining, mining fault and fracture zone, old hole of water and production of mines), and other characteristics of factors (degree of rock weathering, excavation area, protective measures), thus we constructed the model of the Guangxi GaoFeng mining goaf Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of the stability with the second level. With the model, the stability of goaf was evaluated.
(5) Combined with the current metal mine goaf treatment methods, for 105 ore body mined area of the basic situation, it is put forward No.105 ore goaf management program for reference.
引文
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[17]毛建华,金属矿山特大事故隐患与地质环境的综合治理,长沙矿山研究院建院50周年院庆论文集,2006,10,147-150
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