虚拟企业联盟伙伴选择问题研究
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摘要
虚拟企业(Virtual Enterprise),是当市场出现新机遇时,具有不同资源与优势的企业为了共同开拓市场,共同对付其他的竞争者而组织的,建立在信息网络基础上的共享技术信息、分担费用、联合开发的、互利的企业联盟体。虚拟企业联盟是为适应经济全球化浪潮而产生的一种新型组织形式,它有效地降低了成本,缩短了项目周期,适应了市场变化,成为一种有效地企业运行模式。
虚拟企业联盟伙伴选择,是指虚拟企业在构建虚拟企业联盟过程中,全而权衡成本、时间、风险、兼容性等各种因素,对潜在的候选企业进行全面考察,并从中选出最优化的伙伴组合的过程。众多虚拟企业联盟失败的事例证明,虚拟企业伙伴选择的好坏是一个重要的影响因素。虚拟企业联盟伙伴选择作为研究虚拟企业的重要一环,直接关系到虚拟企业联盟成败,因此对虚拟企业联盟伙伴选择问题进行深入研究,根据现实情况、根据具体联盟特点去构建更加合理的模型去选择更有效、更合适的联盟伙伴是一个值得研究的问题。
本文在对虚拟企业联盟进行深入研究的基础上,对两种主要的虚拟企业联盟形式——生产联盟、研发联盟进行了深入探讨,并针对两种联盟的特点提出了相应的伙伴选择模型,并进行实验验证,更加符合联盟伙伴选择的现实情况,具有很强的实用价值。
主要的研究内容如下：
(1)基础理论研究。对虚拟企业的概念、特点、运作机制及虚拟企业的联盟组织模式、分类进行了总结,对虚拟企业联盟伙伴选择相关问题进行了研究,特别是就两种重要的联盟——生产联盟和研发联盟的定义、区别及其伙伴选择的影响因素等相关理论机制进行了研究探讨。总结研究了关于虚拟企业联盟伙伴选择已有定量选择方法,并分析了其优点及不足,同时,根据生产联盟、研发联盟的不同特点,研究了其在伙伴选择上影响因素的差异。
(2)针对生产联盟伙伴选择问题的特点,建立了基于任务价值系数的虚拟企业生产联盟伙伴选择模型。基于生产联盟不同子任务对虚拟企业联盟总任务价值贡献不同的特点,改进了生产联盟伙伴选择模型,并运用遗传算法进行解决,该模型在保证总体目标最优的情况下,在高价值任务的伙伴选择上花费较多时间、较多费用,从而获行高质量和高可靠性,相对降低对低任务伙伴的要求,这更加符合生产联盟根据子任务价值特点区别对待候选企业的现实情况,体现了模型贴近现实的实用价值。
(3)深入研究了声誉在企业经济活动中的作用,通过构造了五种不同声誉特点的决策风格,并结合现实经济生活,提出一种将企业声誉引入至企业竞争合作进化博弈过程中的IREEG模型(Introducing Reputation into Enterprise Evolutionary Game),通过仿真实验表明：该模型可有效区分出不同声誉的企业,使具有良好声誉的企业表现出较强的生存优势。鉴于声誉对企业的影响作用,针对研发联盟伙伴选择对候选伙伴关系融洽、沟通流畅、企业兼容性要求更高的特点,提出一种基于关系依赖的研发联盟伙伴选择模型。该模型将关系要素、资源整合及联盟效益作为研发联盟伙伴选择的标准的选择模型,是一种可行的伙伴选择模型。
In order to adapt to the tide of economical globalization, a new form of organization—the virtual enterprise alliance come out. The Virtual Enterprise is a kind of alliance organization joining different resources and advantages of different enterprises to develop the market in order to share the cost, meet the new opportunities, deal with other competitors on the basis of the information network. This new organization can effectively reduce the cost, shorten the project cycle, adapt to the market changes.
The virtual enterprise alliance partners selection is a process that fully judge and weigh the cost, time, risk, compatibility and other various factors of the potential candidate enterprises and choose the optimum combination of partners to construct the virtual enterprise alliance. Many unsuccessful virtual enterprise alliance examples prove that virtual enterprise partners selection is very important.As an important part of virtual enterprise alliance, partners selection are directly related to the success of the alliance. So the further research according to the reality of the virtual enterprise alliance partners selection on building more reasonable models to choose the more effective alliance partners is an worthful issue to study.
On the foundation of a thorough investigation of the virtual enterprise alliance, this paper discusses two main forms of the virtual enterprise alliance—manufacture alliance and r&d alliance,and propose two kind of partners selection models in the light of their corresponding characteristics. Finally through the experiments, it proves that the new models are more in line with the reality of alliance, and has great practical value.
The main contents of research are as follows:
(1) Basic theory research. The paper summarizes the concept, the characteristics, the operation mechanism and classification of the virtual enterprise,and has a in-depth study of the related problems of the virtual enterprise alliance partners selection. Particularly for two important alliances—manufacture alliances and r&d alliances'related theory,for example definition, differences and its influencing factors.The paper also summarizes the quantitative selection method about virtual enterprise alliance partner selection, and analyzed their respective advantages and disadvantages.A good research about manufacture alliance and r&d alliance partner selection factors has been done in order to sum up their mathematical model.
(2) The paper build a new model based on the characteristics manufacture alliance partner selection.The model take the value coefficients of subtasks into account. Different subtasks do different contributions to the general task. Based on it,the new model are proposed,improving the manufacture alliance partner selection model. And the genetic algorithm is used to solve it. The model show it value on getting high quality and high reliability alliance partners with more time and cost at the same time of guarantee the overall goal optimal solution.It is much more in line with the practical characteristics of manufacture alliance.
(3) The paper has done a deep research on how reputation effects enterprises'economic activities.Through five different reputation decision-making styles structured in line with the economic reality,The paper puts forward a model that introduces reputation into the enterprise competition and cooperation evolution game process. The simulation experiment shows that the model can effectively distinguish enterprises of different reputation, and make the enterprises with good reputation expresses a strong survival advantage. In the view of reputation can effect the enterprise,the paper build a new model based on the characteristics r&d alliance partner selection.The paper considers that the relationship between the r&d alliance partners plays an important role in the alliance partners selection. Because the r&d alliance partners need to have harmonious relationship, fluent communication, high compatibility, so the new model is based on the relationship between the r&d alliance, considering harmonious relationship,resources integration,benefits as important elements for partners selection.Example improve that is a feasible partner selection model.
虚拟企业联盟伙伴选择,是指虚拟企业在构建虚拟企业联盟过程中,全而权衡成本、时间、风险、兼容性等各种因素,对潜在的候选企业进行全面考察,并从中选出最优化的伙伴组合的过程。众多虚拟企业联盟失败的事例证明,虚拟企业伙伴选择的好坏是一个重要的影响因素。虚拟企业联盟伙伴选择作为研究虚拟企业的重要一环,直接关系到虚拟企业联盟成败,因此对虚拟企业联盟伙伴选择问题进行深入研究,根据现实情况、根据具体联盟特点去构建更加合理的模型去选择更有效、更合适的联盟伙伴是一个值得研究的问题。
本文在对虚拟企业联盟进行深入研究的基础上,对两种主要的虚拟企业联盟形式——生产联盟、研发联盟进行了深入探讨,并针对两种联盟的特点提出了相应的伙伴选择模型,并进行实验验证,更加符合联盟伙伴选择的现实情况,具有很强的实用价值。
主要的研究内容如下：
(1)基础理论研究。对虚拟企业的概念、特点、运作机制及虚拟企业的联盟组织模式、分类进行了总结,对虚拟企业联盟伙伴选择相关问题进行了研究,特别是就两种重要的联盟——生产联盟和研发联盟的定义、区别及其伙伴选择的影响因素等相关理论机制进行了研究探讨。总结研究了关于虚拟企业联盟伙伴选择已有定量选择方法,并分析了其优点及不足,同时,根据生产联盟、研发联盟的不同特点,研究了其在伙伴选择上影响因素的差异。
(2)针对生产联盟伙伴选择问题的特点,建立了基于任务价值系数的虚拟企业生产联盟伙伴选择模型。基于生产联盟不同子任务对虚拟企业联盟总任务价值贡献不同的特点,改进了生产联盟伙伴选择模型,并运用遗传算法进行解决,该模型在保证总体目标最优的情况下,在高价值任务的伙伴选择上花费较多时间、较多费用,从而获行高质量和高可靠性,相对降低对低任务伙伴的要求,这更加符合生产联盟根据子任务价值特点区别对待候选企业的现实情况,体现了模型贴近现实的实用价值。
(3)深入研究了声誉在企业经济活动中的作用,通过构造了五种不同声誉特点的决策风格,并结合现实经济生活,提出一种将企业声誉引入至企业竞争合作进化博弈过程中的IREEG模型(Introducing Reputation into Enterprise Evolutionary Game),通过仿真实验表明：该模型可有效区分出不同声誉的企业,使具有良好声誉的企业表现出较强的生存优势。鉴于声誉对企业的影响作用,针对研发联盟伙伴选择对候选伙伴关系融洽、沟通流畅、企业兼容性要求更高的特点,提出一种基于关系依赖的研发联盟伙伴选择模型。该模型将关系要素、资源整合及联盟效益作为研发联盟伙伴选择的标准的选择模型,是一种可行的伙伴选择模型。
In order to adapt to the tide of economical globalization, a new form of organization—the virtual enterprise alliance come out. The Virtual Enterprise is a kind of alliance organization joining different resources and advantages of different enterprises to develop the market in order to share the cost, meet the new opportunities, deal with other competitors on the basis of the information network. This new organization can effectively reduce the cost, shorten the project cycle, adapt to the market changes.
The virtual enterprise alliance partners selection is a process that fully judge and weigh the cost, time, risk, compatibility and other various factors of the potential candidate enterprises and choose the optimum combination of partners to construct the virtual enterprise alliance. Many unsuccessful virtual enterprise alliance examples prove that virtual enterprise partners selection is very important.As an important part of virtual enterprise alliance, partners selection are directly related to the success of the alliance. So the further research according to the reality of the virtual enterprise alliance partners selection on building more reasonable models to choose the more effective alliance partners is an worthful issue to study.
On the foundation of a thorough investigation of the virtual enterprise alliance, this paper discusses two main forms of the virtual enterprise alliance—manufacture alliance and r&d alliance,and propose two kind of partners selection models in the light of their corresponding characteristics. Finally through the experiments, it proves that the new models are more in line with the reality of alliance, and has great practical value.
The main contents of research are as follows:
(1) Basic theory research. The paper summarizes the concept, the characteristics, the operation mechanism and classification of the virtual enterprise,and has a in-depth study of the related problems of the virtual enterprise alliance partners selection. Particularly for two important alliances—manufacture alliances and r&d alliances'related theory,for example definition, differences and its influencing factors.The paper also summarizes the quantitative selection method about virtual enterprise alliance partner selection, and analyzed their respective advantages and disadvantages.A good research about manufacture alliance and r&d alliance partner selection factors has been done in order to sum up their mathematical model.
(2) The paper build a new model based on the characteristics manufacture alliance partner selection.The model take the value coefficients of subtasks into account. Different subtasks do different contributions to the general task. Based on it,the new model are proposed,improving the manufacture alliance partner selection model. And the genetic algorithm is used to solve it. The model show it value on getting high quality and high reliability alliance partners with more time and cost at the same time of guarantee the overall goal optimal solution.It is much more in line with the practical characteristics of manufacture alliance.
(3) The paper has done a deep research on how reputation effects enterprises'economic activities.Through five different reputation decision-making styles structured in line with the economic reality,The paper puts forward a model that introduces reputation into the enterprise competition and cooperation evolution game process. The simulation experiment shows that the model can effectively distinguish enterprises of different reputation, and make the enterprises with good reputation expresses a strong survival advantage. In the view of reputation can effect the enterprise,the paper build a new model based on the characteristics r&d alliance partner selection.The paper considers that the relationship between the r&d alliance partners plays an important role in the alliance partners selection. Because the r&d alliance partners need to have harmonious relationship, fluent communication, high compatibility, so the new model is based on the relationship between the r&d alliance, considering harmonious relationship,resources integration,benefits as important elements for partners selection.Example improve that is a feasible partner selection model.
引文
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[4]闫立罡,吴贵生.联盟绩效的影响因素分析[J].研究与发展管理,2006,18(5)：22-28.
[5]李向东,檀润华,李杰等.网络化制造协同联盟合作伙伴选择与评价策略[J].河北工业大学学报,2005,34(3)：1-7.
[6]王登玖,周桂贤.基于企业核心能力的动态联盟评价体系研究[J].盐城工学院学报(自然科学版),2007,20(4)：10-14.
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