君子兰栽培光环境机理与调控的研究
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摘要
君子兰属石蒜科君子兰属,原生于非洲的品种独特的花卉,传入我国有100多年历史,在民间养殖40多年,受到广大养花者的喜爱。1984年,君子兰被命名为长春市市花。目前,长春市有君子兰温室面积30多万平方米,占全国总面积三分之一,年产君子兰3亿株,规模以上养植户达到5000多户,从业人员达到5万多人。成为长春市十大支柱产业之一。
然而在目前君子兰栽培中,存在着以下几个问题,制约着产业化的进程,
1花期固定;很多节假日没有花;
2离开花窖,长的七扭八歪,普通人家养不好,减少消费人群;
3单层栽培,土地升值,无论栽培设施购买还是租赁,势必增加单位成本;
4夏季温度高、日照时间长、光照强度大,叶片过长,变薄;难以保障整体品质。
这些都与光环境密切相关,本研究从实际出发,研究其环境机理,探索确实可行的方案,以解决上述实际问题为目标。
具体研究内容利用了LED作为单色人工光源研究了君子兰对各种波段不同强度光源的反应及复合光源的光环境机理,在此基础上,提出了在夏季采用蓝紫色透光材料解决温室内日照时间及强度过大,影响君子兰品质问题的方案,并于2008年夏季实施,效果良好;同时针对立体栽培,家庭栽培光源,研究用光源,对人工光源作了研究,提出了些具有一定可行性的方案。
Clivia is a genus of monocot flowering plants native to southern Africa. They are from the family Amaryllidaceous. Common names include Kaffir lily and bush lily. They are herbaceous evergreen plants, with dark green, strap-like leaves. Flowers are bell-shaped flowers on a stalk above the foliage, and they are borne in whites through yellow to red colors Of the six known species, Clivia miniata is the most widely cultivated, and hybrid varieties with flowers ranging from deep red-orange to pale yellow have been bred by growers.
In 1984, the clivia was named City flower of Changchun. Now there are more than three-hundreds thousand square meters of clivia glasshouse in this city, is One of three of national total area , it can produce 300,000,000 stubs every year, more than 5000 doors, the employee are more than 50,000 peoples. Be becoming one of the ten pillar industries in Changchun City. As merchandise of ornamental, the clivia’s price is decided by its appearance and characteristic, which are closely-related with the cultivation light environment. Light quality is important parameter of light environment. Researching control mechanism of clivia light environment, it is first how light quality to work.
The light source generally used for in vitro culture is fluorescent lamps. Metal halide, high-pressure sodium and incandescent lamps are also applied to increase PPF level. However, these sources contain unnecessary wavelengths that are of low quality for promoting growth. Compared with those traditional lamps, the improved features of the light-emitting diode (LED) include smaller mass and volume, a longer life, and a single wavelength.
The concrete research contents are as follows:
1, Various mere qualities act on the impact on Clivia nobilis alone in visible light range;
2, Normal greenhouse adopt, compound all quality mend all impact on Clivia nobilis under the terms;
3, Adopt and cover the membrane to regulate naturally merely, the impact on Clivia nobilis;
4, Naturally mere artificial light source development of simulation So LEDs are used in this research and research result as follows:
1) With increase of wavelength, whom chlorophyll formate the more unsatisfactory result, present the yellow phenomenon of taking;
2) The blade under violet-blue LED is short and thick; Do not extend, have the tendency to downgrade; Have good facilitation to rigidity and hardness which improve the Clivia nobilis blade;
3) The Clivia nobilis, to only having tropism that moves violet-bluly;
4) Red yellow LED has facilitation in improving the line quality of pulse;
5) In summer it can improve the whole quality of the Clivia nobilis to cover the purple membrane of basket;
6) The ones that adopted many kinds of LED when can imitate the natural light can see spectral distribution.
These are only preliminary exploration, have only carried on qualitative research, and then need quantitative research deeply and carefully, in order to define the mechanism of the mere environment of culture of Clivia nobilis, realize the complete regulation and control of all environment, especially adjust and control in florescence, on the basis of confirming environmental condition that buds are formed, utilize accurate technology of mere environmental regulation and control, change the florescence naturally of Clivia nobilis, flower frequently of opening.
然而在目前君子兰栽培中,存在着以下几个问题,制约着产业化的进程,
1花期固定;很多节假日没有花;
2离开花窖,长的七扭八歪,普通人家养不好,减少消费人群;
3单层栽培,土地升值,无论栽培设施购买还是租赁,势必增加单位成本;
4夏季温度高、日照时间长、光照强度大,叶片过长,变薄;难以保障整体品质。
这些都与光环境密切相关,本研究从实际出发,研究其环境机理,探索确实可行的方案,以解决上述实际问题为目标。
具体研究内容利用了LED作为单色人工光源研究了君子兰对各种波段不同强度光源的反应及复合光源的光环境机理,在此基础上,提出了在夏季采用蓝紫色透光材料解决温室内日照时间及强度过大,影响君子兰品质问题的方案,并于2008年夏季实施,效果良好;同时针对立体栽培,家庭栽培光源,研究用光源,对人工光源作了研究,提出了些具有一定可行性的方案。
Clivia is a genus of monocot flowering plants native to southern Africa. They are from the family Amaryllidaceous. Common names include Kaffir lily and bush lily. They are herbaceous evergreen plants, with dark green, strap-like leaves. Flowers are bell-shaped flowers on a stalk above the foliage, and they are borne in whites through yellow to red colors Of the six known species, Clivia miniata is the most widely cultivated, and hybrid varieties with flowers ranging from deep red-orange to pale yellow have been bred by growers.
In 1984, the clivia was named City flower of Changchun. Now there are more than three-hundreds thousand square meters of clivia glasshouse in this city, is One of three of national total area , it can produce 300,000,000 stubs every year, more than 5000 doors, the employee are more than 50,000 peoples. Be becoming one of the ten pillar industries in Changchun City. As merchandise of ornamental, the clivia’s price is decided by its appearance and characteristic, which are closely-related with the cultivation light environment. Light quality is important parameter of light environment. Researching control mechanism of clivia light environment, it is first how light quality to work.
The light source generally used for in vitro culture is fluorescent lamps. Metal halide, high-pressure sodium and incandescent lamps are also applied to increase PPF level. However, these sources contain unnecessary wavelengths that are of low quality for promoting growth. Compared with those traditional lamps, the improved features of the light-emitting diode (LED) include smaller mass and volume, a longer life, and a single wavelength.
The concrete research contents are as follows:
1, Various mere qualities act on the impact on Clivia nobilis alone in visible light range;
2, Normal greenhouse adopt, compound all quality mend all impact on Clivia nobilis under the terms;
3, Adopt and cover the membrane to regulate naturally merely, the impact on Clivia nobilis;
4, Naturally mere artificial light source development of simulation So LEDs are used in this research and research result as follows:
1) With increase of wavelength, whom chlorophyll formate the more unsatisfactory result, present the yellow phenomenon of taking;
2) The blade under violet-blue LED is short and thick; Do not extend, have the tendency to downgrade; Have good facilitation to rigidity and hardness which improve the Clivia nobilis blade;
3) The Clivia nobilis, to only having tropism that moves violet-bluly;
4) Red yellow LED has facilitation in improving the line quality of pulse;
5) In summer it can improve the whole quality of the Clivia nobilis to cover the purple membrane of basket;
6) The ones that adopted many kinds of LED when can imitate the natural light can see spectral distribution.
These are only preliminary exploration, have only carried on qualitative research, and then need quantitative research deeply and carefully, in order to define the mechanism of the mere environment of culture of Clivia nobilis, realize the complete regulation and control of all environment, especially adjust and control in florescence, on the basis of confirming environmental condition that buds are formed, utilize accurate technology of mere environmental regulation and control, change the florescence naturally of Clivia nobilis, flower frequently of opening.
引文
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