多重扰动下大电网低频振荡预警体系的研究
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摘要
随着电力系统规模和复杂程度的不断增加,特别是近年来我国特高压跨区域大电网的逐步发展,新的电压等级的出现,迫切需要对系统稳定性以及一系列新的问题进行深入研究。由于电网的规模一直在扩大,电网有着越来越多的不确定因素,通过前期研究以及对国内外低频振荡事故的分析发现,低频振荡事故并非单一扰动引起,而是由多个扰动引起的。多个扰动事件在时间、空间、类型上组合而引起系统运行状况连续改变导致系统阻尼不断恶化的多重扰动现象,逐渐成为影响系统稳定运行的重要因素。因此对多重扰动下大电网低频振荡的预警研究具有理论价值和实际应用意义。
本论文结合参与的实际科研课题,对多重扰动下大电网低频振荡的预警进行了系统深入的研究。论文的主要研究内容如下：
论文对多重扰动下大电网低频振荡的分析方法进行了归纳、总结并进行了进一步研究。基于能量函数的低频振荡的分析,建立了可用于断面潮流分析模型,通过观测断面的选择,对全网的分析转化为对每个观测断面的分析,从而实现全网的分散解耦分析。在该模型的基础上,简化了基于惯性中心的传统能量函数,对传统的稳定裕度指标进行了改进,提出了能量函数稳定裕度指标、支路势能稳定度指标、主导模式最弱阻尼比指标、区间断面功率振荡首摆峰值指标,上述指标均建立于系统联络线观测断面的基础上,仿真实验表明不仅计算简单方便,既可应用于低频振荡的预警,也可判断扰动的严重性。
论文提出了适用于互联大电网低频振荡概率稳定性分析方法及指标,并对实际互联大电网进行了概率分析。在已知电网各种不确定因素的概率分布条件下,基于小扰动计算方法,利用两点估计法计算出相关不确定因素引起系统低频振荡概率大小。基于风险评估理论对多重扰动可能引起的系统低频振荡失稳情况进行了分析,给出了电网的控制代价与低频振荡风险。通过对小扰动和大扰动综合概率分析,得到了电网公司在承担风险与提高输电能力时的对比方法,可供电网运行人员在权衡经济型与安全性时参考以及作为长期预警的一个重要指标。
论文根据能量函数稳定裕度等4种指标并结合应用于工程实践的动态阻尼比与峰峰值2种指标,构建了多时间尺度综合预警指标体系,建立了相应的等级划分标准,综合评价了电网的安全状态。并结合多重扰动算例和已建立的离线数据库,根据电网故障信息与断面潮流在线匹配和计算,以获取电网当前状态与可能故障下的状态变化从而进行低频振荡预警。
在已经建立的预警指标体系基础上开发了相关的预警软件,随着特高压同步电网的建设,电网曾出现了0.1Hz以下的超低频振荡,因此以10s数据接收长度为单位,在线滚动计算能量函数稳定裕度、支路势能稳定度、主导模式阻尼比、区间断面功率振荡首摆峰值、峰峰值、动态阻尼比6种指标,以设定的电网安全评价等级为依据,根据短板效应,当任意一指标进入预警范围时即对电网发出预警。
本文研究和分析了多重扰动下大电网低频振荡现象,建立了较为有效而完善的预警指标体系,开发了相关的预警软件,并进行了实际电网的在线应用。为以后低频振荡方面的预警研究奠定了理论基础和工程应川的依据。
With the development of power system and the increase of its conplexity, especially with the progressive development of UHV regional large-scale power grid in recent years, new voltage levels occurred, and the stability of the system and a series of new problems needed to be studied and solved. The expanding of grid scale also meant the increasing of uncertain factors. Multiple disturbances with the system damping worsening were led by continuous changes of system's operation status caused by a number of disturbance events in time, space and types, which couldn't be neglected in the stable operation of the system. Therefore, early warning study of multiple perturbations in low-frequency oscillation in power system was of a strong practical value and engineering significance.
The paper was based on the actual research project. A comprehensive study on multiple perturbations in the early warning of low-frequency oscillation in power system was studied from the aspects of theory analysis and application. The main work and research results could be summarized as follows:
The practical exploration and research were made on the analysis method of multiple perturbations low-frequency oscillation in power system. The energy function was applied to the analysis and study on low-frequency oscillation. The cross section flow analysis model that can be used in actual analysis was established. By selecting the observation section, the analysis of whole network could be transformed into the analysis of each observation section so that distributed decoupling network analysis could be achieved. On the basis of this model, the conventional energy function based on inertia center was simplified and the traditional stability index was improved. The energy margin index, branch potential energy stability index, the dominant mode damping ratio index, interval power oscillation section first swing index were put forward. These indicators were based on tie line observation section. Its calculation was simple and convenient. It could be used to the warning of the low frequency oscillation and the judge of the severity of the disturbance.
Indicators and methods of low frequency probable stability analysis applied to interconnected grid were put forward, and probability analysis was made in actual interconnection grid. In the condition of known grid uncertain probability distribution, two-point estimate was used to calculate the size of the system low frequency oscillation probability caused by these uncertainties based on the small perturbation method. Then the risk assessment theory was used to analysis the system low frequency instability caused by multiple disturbances. The control costs of the grid and the risk of low frequency were provided. The compare ways of undertaking risks and improving the transmission capacity for the grid corporation were given by means of the comparison of small disturbance and large disturbance probability analysis, which could be used as a reference available for grid operation personnel weighing the economic and security as well as an important indicator in the long-term warning.
According to the energy function stability margin and other three indicators combined with dynamic damping and peak to peak indicators which were used in the engineering practice, a multi-time scale warning indicator system and the grading standard were built. The safety status of the power grid was comprehensively evaluated. To warn the low frequency oscillation, the changes in current status or in the fault state were got by online matching and calculation of the power grid fault information and power flow, combined with multiple disturbance cases and the established offline database.
The relevant early warning software was developed according to the established early warning indicator system. Because of the construction of ultra-high voltage grid, the oscillation, lower than0.1Hz, was appeared in the power grid. In that case,10s was set as the unit for length of received data. Six indexes, including the stability margin of energy function, branch potential stability, dominant mode damping ratio, peak value of the power oscillation in transmission section, peak-to-peak value and dynamic damping ratio, were on-line calculated. The warning was issued when any index was in the warning range based on the setting safe grade evaluation of power grid and cask effect.
The phenomenon of power grid's low frequency oscillation with multiple disturbances was studied and analyzed in this paper. An effective early warning indicator system was established base on the actual engineering projects. The relevant early warning software was developed and the online application of the actual power grid was done. The basis of theoretical study and industrial application for the later analysis in early warning of low frequency oscillation were established.
本论文结合参与的实际科研课题,对多重扰动下大电网低频振荡的预警进行了系统深入的研究。论文的主要研究内容如下：
论文对多重扰动下大电网低频振荡的分析方法进行了归纳、总结并进行了进一步研究。基于能量函数的低频振荡的分析,建立了可用于断面潮流分析模型,通过观测断面的选择,对全网的分析转化为对每个观测断面的分析,从而实现全网的分散解耦分析。在该模型的基础上,简化了基于惯性中心的传统能量函数,对传统的稳定裕度指标进行了改进,提出了能量函数稳定裕度指标、支路势能稳定度指标、主导模式最弱阻尼比指标、区间断面功率振荡首摆峰值指标,上述指标均建立于系统联络线观测断面的基础上,仿真实验表明不仅计算简单方便,既可应用于低频振荡的预警,也可判断扰动的严重性。
论文提出了适用于互联大电网低频振荡概率稳定性分析方法及指标,并对实际互联大电网进行了概率分析。在已知电网各种不确定因素的概率分布条件下,基于小扰动计算方法,利用两点估计法计算出相关不确定因素引起系统低频振荡概率大小。基于风险评估理论对多重扰动可能引起的系统低频振荡失稳情况进行了分析,给出了电网的控制代价与低频振荡风险。通过对小扰动和大扰动综合概率分析,得到了电网公司在承担风险与提高输电能力时的对比方法,可供电网运行人员在权衡经济型与安全性时参考以及作为长期预警的一个重要指标。
论文根据能量函数稳定裕度等4种指标并结合应用于工程实践的动态阻尼比与峰峰值2种指标,构建了多时间尺度综合预警指标体系,建立了相应的等级划分标准,综合评价了电网的安全状态。并结合多重扰动算例和已建立的离线数据库,根据电网故障信息与断面潮流在线匹配和计算,以获取电网当前状态与可能故障下的状态变化从而进行低频振荡预警。
在已经建立的预警指标体系基础上开发了相关的预警软件,随着特高压同步电网的建设,电网曾出现了0.1Hz以下的超低频振荡,因此以10s数据接收长度为单位,在线滚动计算能量函数稳定裕度、支路势能稳定度、主导模式阻尼比、区间断面功率振荡首摆峰值、峰峰值、动态阻尼比6种指标,以设定的电网安全评价等级为依据,根据短板效应,当任意一指标进入预警范围时即对电网发出预警。
本文研究和分析了多重扰动下大电网低频振荡现象,建立了较为有效而完善的预警指标体系,开发了相关的预警软件,并进行了实际电网的在线应用。为以后低频振荡方面的预警研究奠定了理论基础和工程应川的依据。
With the development of power system and the increase of its conplexity, especially with the progressive development of UHV regional large-scale power grid in recent years, new voltage levels occurred, and the stability of the system and a series of new problems needed to be studied and solved. The expanding of grid scale also meant the increasing of uncertain factors. Multiple disturbances with the system damping worsening were led by continuous changes of system's operation status caused by a number of disturbance events in time, space and types, which couldn't be neglected in the stable operation of the system. Therefore, early warning study of multiple perturbations in low-frequency oscillation in power system was of a strong practical value and engineering significance.
The paper was based on the actual research project. A comprehensive study on multiple perturbations in the early warning of low-frequency oscillation in power system was studied from the aspects of theory analysis and application. The main work and research results could be summarized as follows:
The practical exploration and research were made on the analysis method of multiple perturbations low-frequency oscillation in power system. The energy function was applied to the analysis and study on low-frequency oscillation. The cross section flow analysis model that can be used in actual analysis was established. By selecting the observation section, the analysis of whole network could be transformed into the analysis of each observation section so that distributed decoupling network analysis could be achieved. On the basis of this model, the conventional energy function based on inertia center was simplified and the traditional stability index was improved. The energy margin index, branch potential energy stability index, the dominant mode damping ratio index, interval power oscillation section first swing index were put forward. These indicators were based on tie line observation section. Its calculation was simple and convenient. It could be used to the warning of the low frequency oscillation and the judge of the severity of the disturbance.
Indicators and methods of low frequency probable stability analysis applied to interconnected grid were put forward, and probability analysis was made in actual interconnection grid. In the condition of known grid uncertain probability distribution, two-point estimate was used to calculate the size of the system low frequency oscillation probability caused by these uncertainties based on the small perturbation method. Then the risk assessment theory was used to analysis the system low frequency instability caused by multiple disturbances. The control costs of the grid and the risk of low frequency were provided. The compare ways of undertaking risks and improving the transmission capacity for the grid corporation were given by means of the comparison of small disturbance and large disturbance probability analysis, which could be used as a reference available for grid operation personnel weighing the economic and security as well as an important indicator in the long-term warning.
According to the energy function stability margin and other three indicators combined with dynamic damping and peak to peak indicators which were used in the engineering practice, a multi-time scale warning indicator system and the grading standard were built. The safety status of the power grid was comprehensively evaluated. To warn the low frequency oscillation, the changes in current status or in the fault state were got by online matching and calculation of the power grid fault information and power flow, combined with multiple disturbance cases and the established offline database.
The relevant early warning software was developed according to the established early warning indicator system. Because of the construction of ultra-high voltage grid, the oscillation, lower than0.1Hz, was appeared in the power grid. In that case,10s was set as the unit for length of received data. Six indexes, including the stability margin of energy function, branch potential stability, dominant mode damping ratio, peak value of the power oscillation in transmission section, peak-to-peak value and dynamic damping ratio, were on-line calculated. The warning was issued when any index was in the warning range based on the setting safe grade evaluation of power grid and cask effect.
The phenomenon of power grid's low frequency oscillation with multiple disturbances was studied and analyzed in this paper. An effective early warning indicator system was established base on the actual engineering projects. The relevant early warning software was developed and the online application of the actual power grid was done. The basis of theoretical study and industrial application for the later analysis in early warning of low frequency oscillation were established.
引文
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