西安市交通环境轿车行驶工况与燃料消耗研究
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摘要
伴随着城市人口和城市规模增长高峰点的到来，国内大多数城市都面临着巨大的交通问题。缓解城市交通拥堵、减少交通能源消耗和环境污染、提升交通安全是交通领域需要解决的三大热点问题。而其中，交通能源问题已经成为决定城市功能是否能够正常运转和居民生活水平是否能够提高的关键因素。城市道路交通能源消耗是一个系统问题，不仅与车辆性能有关，还与城市道路特征、交通状况、燃料消耗评价方法等密不可分。特别是在大中型城市，如何针对城市结构形态的不同导致的交通特征差异，研究车辆在城市交通环境中的实际运行状况及燃料消耗规律，对于降低城市交通系统能源消耗和污染物排放水平具有重要意义。鉴于此，论文选取具有典型结构及布局形态的中型城市——西安为代表，研究在典型城市道路交通环境中车辆的实际运行工况及燃料消耗规律，建立西安市区车辆代表行驶工况与燃料消耗模型，试图从车辆运用视角寻求降低城市交通能耗的途径，实现城市交通的可持续发展。
论文首先通过场地试验，分析车辆运行燃料经济性的评价方法与影响因素，根据试验结果建立面向经济与环保目标的"经济驾驶模式"。在西安城市结构形态特征分析与交通状况调研的基础上，以统计学抽样理论为指导，从试验方法、试验路线、试验车辆、驾驶员、采样间隔及试验流程等方面规划设计城市道路试验方案。按照场地试验建立的“经济驾驶模式”进行实车实地测试，获取西安市区车辆实际运行的速度、燃料消耗与交通流量等原始数据。然后统计分析西安市区道路车辆行驶特点，提取反映汽车行驶工况的特征参数并建立其数学模型。在此基础上，利用小波变换对原始试验数据进行解析与重构，采用主成分分析、因子分析和聚类方法分析行驶片段与特征参数，解析车辆行驶工况的决定因素，按照短行程法与分类法相结合对西安市区道路行驶工况进行整体构建，建立西安市区车辆代表性瞬态行驶工况；根据使用目的的不用，对西安市区代表性瞬态行驶工况进行模态化处理，并与国外标准行驶工况进行对比分析；建立行驶工况的有效性、污染物识别性与操作可行性三个方面的评价指标，并对构建的西安市区代表性行驶工况进行评价。
论文以燃料消耗试验数据为基础，从微观和宏观两个方面对城市道路的燃料经济性进行分析，建立城市道路车辆燃料消耗的微观模型和城市道路燃料消耗的宏观预测模型。对影响燃料消耗的因素进行聚类分析，在试验数据基础上以多元回归分析理论建立微观模型，用于分析车辆在不同类别路段的实际行驶状况和燃料消耗规律。选择与燃料消耗相关性好且能够反映交通流状况的指标建立宏观模型，该模型结合交通流数据可以预测城市道路交通中各类型路段、交叉口的燃料消耗水平以及城市交通路网总的燃料消耗。最后，论文在仿真平台上建立试验车辆仿真模型和西安市区仿真行驶工况，并使仿真车辆按照建立的西安市区行驶工况模式运行仿真，获取车辆运行燃料消耗仿真数据。通过燃料消耗仿真数据与原始试验数据、模型预测数据的对比，分析利用仿真平台评价城市交通环境车辆燃料消耗方法的可行性与有效性。
Along with expansion of urban population and scale, most domestic cities are facingwith huge traffic problem. Alleviating traffic congestion, reducing traffic energy consumptionand environmental pollution, ensuring traffic safety are three hot issues to be resolved intraffic field. Among them, urban traffic energy has become a key factor which would decidethe city function could operate properly and residents living standards could improve. Trafficenergy consumption in urban is a complicated problem, which is related to not only vehicleperformance, but also road conditions, traffic information, evaluation methods etc. Especiallyin large and medium-sized cities which have different city structure and traffic condition, it isso significant to study vehicle's virtual operating condition and fuel consumption features intypical urban for reducing fuel consumption and environmental pollution of transport system.Therefore, this paper, represented by Xi'an city, will focus on energy consumption ofmedium-sized city with typical structure and study the vehicle's virtual driving condition andfuel consumption characteristics in urban traffic, which will be used to reduce traffic energyconsumption and to achieve the sustainable development of urban traffic from the vehicleoperating view. Evaluation methods for driving cycle including validity, pollutantidentification and operation feasibility will be put forward and constructed Xi'an driving cyclewould be evaluated.
The paper first analyzes calculation method and influence factors of vehicle fueleconomy based on field test. Furthermore "economical driving mode" is explored to reducevehicle's operating fuel consumption and exhaust emission. Under structure analysis andtraffic investigation of Xi'an city, road test program has designed in detail based on statisticaltheory, which including in-vehicle data acquisition system, method, route, vehicle, driver andsampling interval etc. The rough data including speed, fuel consumption and traffic flow inXi'an urban road will be obtained through road test. Then features of Xi'an urban road trafficare analyzed so that characteristic parameters reflecting the vehicle’s driving cycle areextracted and their mathematical models were established. Based on this, original test data areresolved and reconstructed by use of wavelet transform firstly, characteristic parameters areanalyzed by use of principal component analysis, factor analysis and clustering method, and driving cycle of Xi'an city has established through combining method of short trip andclassification. Finally, driving cycle about Xi'an urban road traffic is proved and contrastedwith foreign standard driving cycles.
On the basis of original test data, the paper analyses vehicle’s fuel consumptioncharacteristics thoroughly, and establishes the microscopic theoretical model about vehicle’sfuel consumption and macroscopic forecasting model about fuel consumption of urban roadtraffic. Microscopic theoretical model, clustered of factors affecting fuel consumption, isestablished by multivariate regression theory and can be used to analyze actual fuelconsumption pattern under different road condition. Macroeconomic model is established onthe factor which has best correlation with fuel consumption and traffic flow status. Combinedwith traffic flow, macroeconomic model can be used to predict fuel consumption level ofvarious road sections and intersections, and even the total fuel consumption of urbantransportation network. At last, test vehicle's simulation model and Xi'an urban simulationdriving cycle are established on ADVISOR platform, and simulation fuel consumption dataare obtained while simulated vehicle operating according to established simulation drivingcycle. By comparing of simulated data, original test data and model forecast data, feasibilityand effectiveness of using simulation platform to evaluate vehicle’s fuel consumption in urbantraffic environment would be analyzed.
论文首先通过场地试验，分析车辆运行燃料经济性的评价方法与影响因素，根据试验结果建立面向经济与环保目标的"经济驾驶模式"。在西安城市结构形态特征分析与交通状况调研的基础上，以统计学抽样理论为指导，从试验方法、试验路线、试验车辆、驾驶员、采样间隔及试验流程等方面规划设计城市道路试验方案。按照场地试验建立的“经济驾驶模式”进行实车实地测试，获取西安市区车辆实际运行的速度、燃料消耗与交通流量等原始数据。然后统计分析西安市区道路车辆行驶特点，提取反映汽车行驶工况的特征参数并建立其数学模型。在此基础上，利用小波变换对原始试验数据进行解析与重构，采用主成分分析、因子分析和聚类方法分析行驶片段与特征参数，解析车辆行驶工况的决定因素，按照短行程法与分类法相结合对西安市区道路行驶工况进行整体构建，建立西安市区车辆代表性瞬态行驶工况；根据使用目的的不用，对西安市区代表性瞬态行驶工况进行模态化处理，并与国外标准行驶工况进行对比分析；建立行驶工况的有效性、污染物识别性与操作可行性三个方面的评价指标，并对构建的西安市区代表性行驶工况进行评价。
论文以燃料消耗试验数据为基础，从微观和宏观两个方面对城市道路的燃料经济性进行分析，建立城市道路车辆燃料消耗的微观模型和城市道路燃料消耗的宏观预测模型。对影响燃料消耗的因素进行聚类分析，在试验数据基础上以多元回归分析理论建立微观模型，用于分析车辆在不同类别路段的实际行驶状况和燃料消耗规律。选择与燃料消耗相关性好且能够反映交通流状况的指标建立宏观模型，该模型结合交通流数据可以预测城市道路交通中各类型路段、交叉口的燃料消耗水平以及城市交通路网总的燃料消耗。最后，论文在仿真平台上建立试验车辆仿真模型和西安市区仿真行驶工况，并使仿真车辆按照建立的西安市区行驶工况模式运行仿真，获取车辆运行燃料消耗仿真数据。通过燃料消耗仿真数据与原始试验数据、模型预测数据的对比，分析利用仿真平台评价城市交通环境车辆燃料消耗方法的可行性与有效性。
Along with expansion of urban population and scale, most domestic cities are facingwith huge traffic problem. Alleviating traffic congestion, reducing traffic energy consumptionand environmental pollution, ensuring traffic safety are three hot issues to be resolved intraffic field. Among them, urban traffic energy has become a key factor which would decidethe city function could operate properly and residents living standards could improve. Trafficenergy consumption in urban is a complicated problem, which is related to not only vehicleperformance, but also road conditions, traffic information, evaluation methods etc. Especiallyin large and medium-sized cities which have different city structure and traffic condition, it isso significant to study vehicle's virtual operating condition and fuel consumption features intypical urban for reducing fuel consumption and environmental pollution of transport system.Therefore, this paper, represented by Xi'an city, will focus on energy consumption ofmedium-sized city with typical structure and study the vehicle's virtual driving condition andfuel consumption characteristics in urban traffic, which will be used to reduce traffic energyconsumption and to achieve the sustainable development of urban traffic from the vehicleoperating view. Evaluation methods for driving cycle including validity, pollutantidentification and operation feasibility will be put forward and constructed Xi'an driving cyclewould be evaluated.
The paper first analyzes calculation method and influence factors of vehicle fueleconomy based on field test. Furthermore "economical driving mode" is explored to reducevehicle's operating fuel consumption and exhaust emission. Under structure analysis andtraffic investigation of Xi'an city, road test program has designed in detail based on statisticaltheory, which including in-vehicle data acquisition system, method, route, vehicle, driver andsampling interval etc. The rough data including speed, fuel consumption and traffic flow inXi'an urban road will be obtained through road test. Then features of Xi'an urban road trafficare analyzed so that characteristic parameters reflecting the vehicle’s driving cycle areextracted and their mathematical models were established. Based on this, original test data areresolved and reconstructed by use of wavelet transform firstly, characteristic parameters areanalyzed by use of principal component analysis, factor analysis and clustering method, and driving cycle of Xi'an city has established through combining method of short trip andclassification. Finally, driving cycle about Xi'an urban road traffic is proved and contrastedwith foreign standard driving cycles.
On the basis of original test data, the paper analyses vehicle’s fuel consumptioncharacteristics thoroughly, and establishes the microscopic theoretical model about vehicle’sfuel consumption and macroscopic forecasting model about fuel consumption of urban roadtraffic. Microscopic theoretical model, clustered of factors affecting fuel consumption, isestablished by multivariate regression theory and can be used to analyze actual fuelconsumption pattern under different road condition. Macroeconomic model is established onthe factor which has best correlation with fuel consumption and traffic flow status. Combinedwith traffic flow, macroeconomic model can be used to predict fuel consumption level ofvarious road sections and intersections, and even the total fuel consumption of urbantransportation network. At last, test vehicle's simulation model and Xi'an urban simulationdriving cycle are established on ADVISOR platform, and simulation fuel consumption dataare obtained while simulated vehicle operating according to established simulation drivingcycle. By comparing of simulated data, original test data and model forecast data, feasibilityand effectiveness of using simulation platform to evaluate vehicle’s fuel consumption in urbantraffic environment would be analyzed.
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