盆栽植物生长过程土壤水分测控系统
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摘要
盆栽植物生长过程土壤水分测控系统是在总结国内外研究现状的基础上,通过采用土壤湿度传感器和单片机控制装置设计出一套适用于盆栽植物生长过程中土壤水分的监测系统,该系统可解决人们种植盆栽植物过程中存在的问题,同时又具有系统成本低、实用高等优点。
本研究主要的内容是：第一,综述了国内外盆栽植物生长过程水分测控的研究进展,阐明了用控制系统来监控盆栽植物生长过程中水分的变化的优势,指出了此项研究存在的问题,进而对其今后研究方向和发展趋势进行了展望。第二,针对现有室内盆栽植物生长过程中水分变化的特点,设计出一套测控系统,该系统主要由土壤湿度传感器、湿度信号放大电路、数据采集电路、单片机控制系统、继电器控制电路、电磁阀及滴灌设备等几部分组成,土壤湿度传感器采用一种自制铜合金作为探针的电极材料,并做一定的处理之后再使用,将土壤湿度保持在一定的湿度范围,其非精确检测土壤湿度再加上放大电路可以保证实时监测土壤湿度；湿度信号放大电路为了达到土壤最佳湿度的控制与测量,满足单片机接口的需要,它将土壤湿度传感器输出的信号放大到单片机A/D转换器所需要的0-15V的电压范围；数据采集电路由信号调理电路和A/D转换芯片组成,A/D转换芯片和单片机之间进行数据传送；单片机控制系统采用STC89C52芯片进行控制；继电器控制电路用来根据单片机传来的信号来控制电磁阀门的开关；电磁阀及滴灌系统用来给盆栽植物进行灌水；该系统具有定时采集、存储、数据分析功能,并详细叙述了硬件电路设计和软件程序设计。第三,进行土壤含水率干燥实验,用烘干法计算出正常土壤含水率的数值和灌水后土壤含水率的数值,用来设定测控系统的灌水上限和灌水下限,通过连续对盆栽植物灌水后的观察并测定每天的土壤含水率,来设定测控系统的灌水周期,通过对盆栽植物灌水后的含水率的计算,和滴灌设备的滴水速度,来设定盆栽植物每次灌水的灌水时间,通过三次试验,设定了盆栽植物生长过程土壤水分的三个指标,这三个指标分别为：测控系统设定值上下限,系统的灌水周期,系统的灌水时间。
为了便于系统调试,程序的移植和修改,软件设计采用模块化。根据测控系统要求,设计了主程序、数据采集子程序、时间子程序等模块。控制器在实际工作时,由于工作环境的复杂,时常会受到外界条件的干扰的影响,为了提高系统的可靠性,采用了过压保护和去耦电容。
在系统设计过程中充分考虑到系统的性价比,选用价格低、性能稳定的元器件。该系统具有使用简单、稳定可靠实用等特点。
Potted plant growth process soil moisture monitoring and control system is based on the summarizations of foreign and domestic status of researches, by using soil humidity sensor and single-chip microcomputer control unit to design a potted plant growth process of soil moisture monitoring system, this system can solve the problems which people plant potted plants in the planting process, at the same time it also has low cost, high practical and so on.
This thesis mainly from the following several aspects:First, the paper summarized the potted plants grow moisture measurement, expounds the research progress in control systems to monitor potted plant growth process change of moisture, points out the existing problems, and the future research direction and the development trends are discussed. Second, the existing indoor plants growing process characteristics of moisture, designed a set of control system, the system mainly consists of soil moisture sensor, humidity signal amplifier circuit, the data acquisition circuit and single-chip microcomputer control system, relay control circuit, solenoid valve and drip irrigation equipment, etc, the soil moisture sensor adopts a homemade copper alloy electrode materials for probe, and do some processing after use, will keep on soil moisture scope of certain humidity, the accurate detection of soil moisture plus amplifier circuit can ensure real-time monitoring soil moisture, Humidity signal amplifier circuit in order to achieve the optimal control of soil moisture and measurement, satisfy the need, its interface chip soil humidity sensor output will enlarge the signal to the A/D converters need 0～15V voltage range, Data acquisition circuit by signal circuit and A/D conversion chips, A/D conversion chip and data transfer between microcontroller, STC89C52 system adopts single-chip microcomputer control chip control, Relay control circuit, signals according to chip controlled electromagnetic valve switch, Electromagnetic valve and drip irrigation systems to water plants are, This system has the timing acquisition, storage and data analysis of the function is described in detail, and the hardware circuit and software programming. Third, the soil moisture content, use stoving drying experiment method to calculate the normal soil moisture content of the soil moisture content and measure numerical values of the measurement and control system, to set limit and irrigation water to limit, through continuous potted plants were observed after the water and the soil moisture content, every day to set of measurement and control system of water cycle and water through the potted plants, and the calculation of the moisture content of the drip irrigation equipment, to set the speed of potted plants every irrigation water, through the three test time, set a potted plant growth process of the three indexes of soil moisture, the three indexes respectively:measurement system, the system of the upper value, system of irrigation water cycle time.
In order to facilitate the system debugging, transplantation and modification, the software is designed as modules. The main program, the data acquisition subroutine, the time subroutines are designed according to system requirements. Due to the complicated working environment and the jamming from outside, the controller adopts over-voltage protection, decoupling capacitance, instruction redundancy and software trap to improve the system reliability in practice.
In system design process fully considering the system performance, low price and performance and stability of components. This system is stable and reliable and practical use of simple, etc.
本研究主要的内容是：第一,综述了国内外盆栽植物生长过程水分测控的研究进展,阐明了用控制系统来监控盆栽植物生长过程中水分的变化的优势,指出了此项研究存在的问题,进而对其今后研究方向和发展趋势进行了展望。第二,针对现有室内盆栽植物生长过程中水分变化的特点,设计出一套测控系统,该系统主要由土壤湿度传感器、湿度信号放大电路、数据采集电路、单片机控制系统、继电器控制电路、电磁阀及滴灌设备等几部分组成,土壤湿度传感器采用一种自制铜合金作为探针的电极材料,并做一定的处理之后再使用,将土壤湿度保持在一定的湿度范围,其非精确检测土壤湿度再加上放大电路可以保证实时监测土壤湿度；湿度信号放大电路为了达到土壤最佳湿度的控制与测量,满足单片机接口的需要,它将土壤湿度传感器输出的信号放大到单片机A/D转换器所需要的0-15V的电压范围；数据采集电路由信号调理电路和A/D转换芯片组成,A/D转换芯片和单片机之间进行数据传送；单片机控制系统采用STC89C52芯片进行控制；继电器控制电路用来根据单片机传来的信号来控制电磁阀门的开关；电磁阀及滴灌系统用来给盆栽植物进行灌水；该系统具有定时采集、存储、数据分析功能,并详细叙述了硬件电路设计和软件程序设计。第三,进行土壤含水率干燥实验,用烘干法计算出正常土壤含水率的数值和灌水后土壤含水率的数值,用来设定测控系统的灌水上限和灌水下限,通过连续对盆栽植物灌水后的观察并测定每天的土壤含水率,来设定测控系统的灌水周期,通过对盆栽植物灌水后的含水率的计算,和滴灌设备的滴水速度,来设定盆栽植物每次灌水的灌水时间,通过三次试验,设定了盆栽植物生长过程土壤水分的三个指标,这三个指标分别为：测控系统设定值上下限,系统的灌水周期,系统的灌水时间。
为了便于系统调试,程序的移植和修改,软件设计采用模块化。根据测控系统要求,设计了主程序、数据采集子程序、时间子程序等模块。控制器在实际工作时,由于工作环境的复杂,时常会受到外界条件的干扰的影响,为了提高系统的可靠性,采用了过压保护和去耦电容。
在系统设计过程中充分考虑到系统的性价比,选用价格低、性能稳定的元器件。该系统具有使用简单、稳定可靠实用等特点。
Potted plant growth process soil moisture monitoring and control system is based on the summarizations of foreign and domestic status of researches, by using soil humidity sensor and single-chip microcomputer control unit to design a potted plant growth process of soil moisture monitoring system, this system can solve the problems which people plant potted plants in the planting process, at the same time it also has low cost, high practical and so on.
This thesis mainly from the following several aspects:First, the paper summarized the potted plants grow moisture measurement, expounds the research progress in control systems to monitor potted plant growth process change of moisture, points out the existing problems, and the future research direction and the development trends are discussed. Second, the existing indoor plants growing process characteristics of moisture, designed a set of control system, the system mainly consists of soil moisture sensor, humidity signal amplifier circuit, the data acquisition circuit and single-chip microcomputer control system, relay control circuit, solenoid valve and drip irrigation equipment, etc, the soil moisture sensor adopts a homemade copper alloy electrode materials for probe, and do some processing after use, will keep on soil moisture scope of certain humidity, the accurate detection of soil moisture plus amplifier circuit can ensure real-time monitoring soil moisture, Humidity signal amplifier circuit in order to achieve the optimal control of soil moisture and measurement, satisfy the need, its interface chip soil humidity sensor output will enlarge the signal to the A/D converters need 0～15V voltage range, Data acquisition circuit by signal circuit and A/D conversion chips, A/D conversion chip and data transfer between microcontroller, STC89C52 system adopts single-chip microcomputer control chip control, Relay control circuit, signals according to chip controlled electromagnetic valve switch, Electromagnetic valve and drip irrigation systems to water plants are, This system has the timing acquisition, storage and data analysis of the function is described in detail, and the hardware circuit and software programming. Third, the soil moisture content, use stoving drying experiment method to calculate the normal soil moisture content of the soil moisture content and measure numerical values of the measurement and control system, to set limit and irrigation water to limit, through continuous potted plants were observed after the water and the soil moisture content, every day to set of measurement and control system of water cycle and water through the potted plants, and the calculation of the moisture content of the drip irrigation equipment, to set the speed of potted plants every irrigation water, through the three test time, set a potted plant growth process of the three indexes of soil moisture, the three indexes respectively:measurement system, the system of the upper value, system of irrigation water cycle time.
In order to facilitate the system debugging, transplantation and modification, the software is designed as modules. The main program, the data acquisition subroutine, the time subroutines are designed according to system requirements. Due to the complicated working environment and the jamming from outside, the controller adopts over-voltage protection, decoupling capacitance, instruction redundancy and software trap to improve the system reliability in practice.
In system design process fully considering the system performance, low price and performance and stability of components. This system is stable and reliable and practical use of simple, etc.
引文
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[2].金宏智.李光永.国外节水灌溉技术与设备的发展趋势节水灌溉.2004.3
[3].电子控制运输系统帮助荷兰花卉及时配送。中国花卉国际贸易网
[4]. J.E. Son M.M. Oh, Y.J. Lu, K.S. Kim, G.A. Giacomelli Nutrient-flow wick culture system for potted plant production:System characteristics and plant growth.Scientia Horticulturae 107 (2006) 392-398
[5].毛竞.关欣.李巧云.我国数字农业发展现状与发展趋势.广东农业科学.2007.12
[6].王齐峰.王维.水利灌溉单片机控制系统的软件设计.北京电子科技学院学报.2006.2
[7].MaJesu'sSa'nchez-Blancoa,c,SaraA'lvareza,Alejandra.Navarroc,Sebastia'n Ban~o'nb.Changes in leaf water relations, gas exchange, growth and flowering quality in potted geranium plants irrigated with different water regimes. Journal of Plant Physiology
[8]. M. M. C. Tsang, A. H. Hara, B. S. Sipes A hot water drenching system for disinfesting roots and media of potted plants of the burrowing nematodes.Vol.17(4): 533-538_ 2001 American Society of Agricultural Engineers
[9].宫建华.徐志祥.袁虎成.张家桂.基于单片机技术的灌溉控制系统的设计与实现.机械研究与应用.2004.Vol.17.2
[10].楼豫红.自动控制灌溉系统介绍.四川农机.2003.1
[11].卢成.郑世宗.何贤康.水肥模式对温室小型西瓜水分利用及光合特性的影响研究.浙江水利科技.2007.11
[12]. Sara Alvarez, Alejandra Navarro, Sebastian Banon, M. Jesus Sanchez-Blanco. Regulated deficit irrigation in potted Dianthus plants:Effects of severe and moderate water stress on growth and physiological responses. Scientia Horticulturae, Volume 122, Issue 4,3 November 2009, Pages 579-585
[13].苏林.袁寿其.张兵.孙阳.基于ARM7的智能灌溉模糊控制系统.中国农村水 利水电.2007.12
[14].侯士君.谢全.自动控制灌溉技术在温室农业生产中的应用.黑龙江科技信息.2004.4
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[16].谢熹.基于89C51的灌溉控制系统的研究.南方农机.2007.1
[17].迟天阳.杨方.果莉.节水灌溉中土壤湿度传感器的应用.东北农业大学学报.2006.Vol.37.1
[18].李军.农业信息技术.北京.科学出版社.2006.1
[19]. B. Cardenas-Lailhacar, M.D. Dukes. Precision of soil moisture sensor irrigation controllers under field conditions. Agricultural Water Management, Volume 97, Issue 5, May 2010, Pages 666-672
[20].张丽霞.杨忠华.孙金花.牛德芳.一种电容式传感器信号调理电路的设计.物探装备.2007.2
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[22].冀大雄.陈孝桢.刘健.封锡盛.一种低功耗微弱信号放大电路的优化设计与研究.电子器件.2008.Vo1.31.4
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[27].郭正琴.智能灌溉控制系统开发.硕士学位论文.中国农业大学
[28].张杨.温室滴灌条件下土壤水分自动控制的研究.硕士学位论文.华南农业大学
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[2].金宏智.李光永.国外节水灌溉技术与设备的发展趋势节水灌溉.2004.3
[3].电子控制运输系统帮助荷兰花卉及时配送。中国花卉国际贸易网
[4]. J.E. Son M.M. Oh, Y.J. Lu, K.S. Kim, G.A. Giacomelli Nutrient-flow wick culture system for potted plant production:System characteristics and plant growth.Scientia Horticulturae 107 (2006) 392-398
[5].毛竞.关欣.李巧云.我国数字农业发展现状与发展趋势.广东农业科学.2007.12
[6].王齐峰.王维.水利灌溉单片机控制系统的软件设计.北京电子科技学院学报.2006.2
[7].MaJesu'sSa'nchez-Blancoa,c,SaraA'lvareza,Alejandra.Navarroc,Sebastia'n Ban~o'nb.Changes in leaf water relations, gas exchange, growth and flowering quality in potted geranium plants irrigated with different water regimes. Journal of Plant Physiology
[8]. M. M. C. Tsang, A. H. Hara, B. S. Sipes A hot water drenching system for disinfesting roots and media of potted plants of the burrowing nematodes.Vol.17(4): 533-538_ 2001 American Society of Agricultural Engineers
[9].宫建华.徐志祥.袁虎成.张家桂.基于单片机技术的灌溉控制系统的设计与实现.机械研究与应用.2004.Vol.17.2
[10].楼豫红.自动控制灌溉系统介绍.四川农机.2003.1
[11].卢成.郑世宗.何贤康.水肥模式对温室小型西瓜水分利用及光合特性的影响研究.浙江水利科技.2007.11
[12]. Sara Alvarez, Alejandra Navarro, Sebastian Banon, M. Jesus Sanchez-Blanco. Regulated deficit irrigation in potted Dianthus plants:Effects of severe and moderate water stress on growth and physiological responses. Scientia Horticulturae, Volume 122, Issue 4,3 November 2009, Pages 579-585
[13].苏林.袁寿其.张兵.孙阳.基于ARM7的智能灌溉模糊控制系统.中国农村水 利水电.2007.12
[14].侯士君.谢全.自动控制灌溉技术在温室农业生产中的应用.黑龙江科技信息.2004.4
[15].陈海波.区颖刚.胡均万.甄文斌.基于Mega16的灌溉自动控制系统的设计.农机化研究.2008.4
[16].谢熹.基于89C51的灌溉控制系统的研究.南方农机.2007.1
[17].迟天阳.杨方.果莉.节水灌溉中土壤湿度传感器的应用.东北农业大学学报.2006.Vol.37.1
[18].李军.农业信息技术.北京.科学出版社.2006.1
[19]. B. Cardenas-Lailhacar, M.D. Dukes. Precision of soil moisture sensor irrigation controllers under field conditions. Agricultural Water Management, Volume 97, Issue 5, May 2010, Pages 666-672
[20].张丽霞.杨忠华.孙金花.牛德芳.一种电容式传感器信号调理电路的设计.物探装备.2007.2
[21].楼钢.李伟.邓学博.小信号放大电路设计.浙江理工大学学报.2007.Vo1.24.6
[22].冀大雄.陈孝桢.刘健.封锡盛.一种低功耗微弱信号放大电路的优化设计与研究.电子器件.2008.Vo1.31.4
[23].孙余凯,吴鸣山,项绮明.集成运算放大器实用电路识图.北京.电子工业出版社.2008.9
[24].童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础(第三版).高等教育出版社.北京.2003.12
[25].王芳琴.单片机控制的节水灌溉系统的研究.硕士学位论文.华中农业大学
[26].周洋.智能灌溉监控系统的设计与应用研究.硕士学位论文.武汉理工大学
[27].郭正琴.智能灌溉控制系统开发.硕士学位论文.中国农业大学
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