锚喷混凝土加固双曲拱桥研究
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摘要
双曲拱桥具有结构新颖、轻巧、省料、便于施工等优点,曾在全国范围内得到广泛推广,为我国公路桥梁事业的发展作出了重大贡献。然而,限于当时设计水平和荷载等级标准较低、结构的钢材用量少、双曲拱桥存在着先天不足等因素,特别是在长期重荷载、大交通量的运营情况下,使得双曲拱桥在运营一段时间后,都出现了不同程度的病害。在结合工程实例的基础上,本文总结分析双曲拱桥各种病害类型及其产生原因,研究适用于双曲拱桥的锚喷混凝土加固方法。
双曲拱桥属于空间受力结构,为了正确确定锚喷加固双曲拱桥后的承载力,必须综合考虑加固前桥梁的病害。本文首先介绍了锚喷混凝土加固双曲拱桥非线性有限元设计理论的有关方程,并认为新旧混凝土的结合面是受力的薄弱环节,在未加固前,混凝土表面已有裂缝产生,并分布较广。假定裂缝首先出现在新旧混凝土结合面,并沿原有裂缝痕迹进一步扩展,由此对开裂的单元进行刚度修正。在考虑各种非线性因素后,将各种单元的单元刚度矩阵合成总体刚度矩阵,进行计算。
结合工程实例,本文对某双曲拱桥加固前后建立全桥主跨有限元模型,对比分析了加固前后各工况下各截面挠度和应力计算值,以及荷载试验值,检验加固效果和模型;并在此基础上对主拱圈加固厚度优化设计做了初步研究。
最后本文通过施工过程中的植筋拉拔力试验以及新旧混凝土粘结强度试验,得出合适的锚固深度,并建议使用光圆钢筋作为锚杆;考虑锚杆在新旧混凝土之间的连接作用,测出结合界面的粘结强度包括抗拉粘结和抗剪粘结的共同作用,远大于混凝土的抗拉强度,说明加固设计方案是可靠的。
Because of the merits in the structure, such as novelty, light, saving material, convenient for construction, the double curved arch bridge spread all over the country and made a great contribute for the development of our country’s highway and bridge causes. However, the double curved arch bridges had inbonr demerits for the design lever and the load criterions on the low side, and the steel was scarce in the structure. When the bridges were loaded heavily and in heavy traffic for a long time, all of them had some damages after some periods of usage. This dissertation summarizes and analyses the damage types and reasons of the double curved arch bridge, studies the reinforcing method of shot concrete, which is suit for the double curved arch bridge.
The double curved arch bridge is a space structure. In order to ascertain the bearing capacity of the double curved arch bridge after being reinforced, the damages of the original bridge should be considered synthetically. This dissertation introduces relative equations of nonlinear finite element design theory about using shot concrete reinforce the double curved bridge, and considers that the junction plane of the new and the original concretes is weak, for there are a lot of crack in the concrete surface before reinforced, which also distribute broadly. Suppose the crack firstly appear in the junction plane of the new and original concretes, and further expand along the original crack trace, on basis of which the rigidity of cracking elements are revised. After considering each kind of nonlinear factors, every element stiffness matrix is synthesized a synthetical stiffness matrix, and then the computation is carried on.
Through the project example, this dissertation establishes the finite element mode of the main span of the bridge, contrasts and analysis the deflection and the stress value of the original and the reinforced bridge in different load conditions, as well as the actual value from the load experiment, to check the reinforcement result and model; and then do a preliminary study on optimization design of the reinforcement thickness of the main arch ring.
Finally this dissertation obtains the appropriate anchor depth, and suggests taking the round steel as the anchor bolt; detects the cohesional strength of the new and the original concrete considering the effect of the anchor bolt, which is much bigger than the tensile strength of the concrete, through the anchor bolt pulling capacity experiment and the cohesional strength of the new and the original concretes experiment. So the reinforcement method is proved to be reliable.
双曲拱桥属于空间受力结构,为了正确确定锚喷加固双曲拱桥后的承载力,必须综合考虑加固前桥梁的病害。本文首先介绍了锚喷混凝土加固双曲拱桥非线性有限元设计理论的有关方程,并认为新旧混凝土的结合面是受力的薄弱环节,在未加固前,混凝土表面已有裂缝产生,并分布较广。假定裂缝首先出现在新旧混凝土结合面,并沿原有裂缝痕迹进一步扩展,由此对开裂的单元进行刚度修正。在考虑各种非线性因素后,将各种单元的单元刚度矩阵合成总体刚度矩阵,进行计算。
结合工程实例,本文对某双曲拱桥加固前后建立全桥主跨有限元模型,对比分析了加固前后各工况下各截面挠度和应力计算值,以及荷载试验值,检验加固效果和模型;并在此基础上对主拱圈加固厚度优化设计做了初步研究。
最后本文通过施工过程中的植筋拉拔力试验以及新旧混凝土粘结强度试验,得出合适的锚固深度,并建议使用光圆钢筋作为锚杆;考虑锚杆在新旧混凝土之间的连接作用,测出结合界面的粘结强度包括抗拉粘结和抗剪粘结的共同作用,远大于混凝土的抗拉强度,说明加固设计方案是可靠的。
Because of the merits in the structure, such as novelty, light, saving material, convenient for construction, the double curved arch bridge spread all over the country and made a great contribute for the development of our country’s highway and bridge causes. However, the double curved arch bridges had inbonr demerits for the design lever and the load criterions on the low side, and the steel was scarce in the structure. When the bridges were loaded heavily and in heavy traffic for a long time, all of them had some damages after some periods of usage. This dissertation summarizes and analyses the damage types and reasons of the double curved arch bridge, studies the reinforcing method of shot concrete, which is suit for the double curved arch bridge.
The double curved arch bridge is a space structure. In order to ascertain the bearing capacity of the double curved arch bridge after being reinforced, the damages of the original bridge should be considered synthetically. This dissertation introduces relative equations of nonlinear finite element design theory about using shot concrete reinforce the double curved bridge, and considers that the junction plane of the new and the original concretes is weak, for there are a lot of crack in the concrete surface before reinforced, which also distribute broadly. Suppose the crack firstly appear in the junction plane of the new and original concretes, and further expand along the original crack trace, on basis of which the rigidity of cracking elements are revised. After considering each kind of nonlinear factors, every element stiffness matrix is synthesized a synthetical stiffness matrix, and then the computation is carried on.
Through the project example, this dissertation establishes the finite element mode of the main span of the bridge, contrasts and analysis the deflection and the stress value of the original and the reinforced bridge in different load conditions, as well as the actual value from the load experiment, to check the reinforcement result and model; and then do a preliminary study on optimization design of the reinforcement thickness of the main arch ring.
Finally this dissertation obtains the appropriate anchor depth, and suggests taking the round steel as the anchor bolt; detects the cohesional strength of the new and the original concrete considering the effect of the anchor bolt, which is much bigger than the tensile strength of the concrete, through the anchor bolt pulling capacity experiment and the cohesional strength of the new and the original concretes experiment. So the reinforcement method is proved to be reliable.
引文
[1]刘国林,罗锡国.双曲拱桥加固[J].中南公路工程,2002,Vol.27 No.4:55-57
[2]漆泰生.双曲拱桥主要病害及成因分析[J].交通标准化,2006,No.159:41-44
[3]蒙云,卢波.桥梁加固与改造[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[4]堪润水,胡钊芳,帅长斌.公里旧桥加固技术与实例[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[5]刘来君,宋一凡.桥梁加固设计与施工技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[6]赵伟.双曲拱桥梁的加固方法和选择原则[J].公路桥梁,2007,Vol 14:113-115
[7]陈文峰.喷射混凝土法加固桥梁上部结构研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005
[8]王红喜,陈友治,丁庆军.喷射混凝土的现状和发展[J].岩土工程技术,2004,Vol.18 No.1:51-54
[9]夏伟.双曲拱桥病害类型及加固方法研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2006
[10]郭永琛,叶见曙.桥梁技术改造[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[11]杨文渊,徐犇.桥梁维修与加固[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[12]项海帆.高等桥梁结构理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[13]贺栓海.桥梁结构理论与计算方法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[14]江见鯨.钢筋混凝土结构非线性有限元分析[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1994
[15]江见鯨,陆新征等.凝土结构有限元分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[16]张海龙.钢筋混凝土结构极限承载力分析的非线性有限元法[D].长安大学,2005
[17]吕西林,金国芳,吴晓涵.钢筋混凝土结构非线性有限元理论与应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997
[18]过镇海,时旭东.钢筋混凝土原理和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[19]过镇海.混凝土的强度和变形、试验基础和本构关系[M].北京:清华大学出版社1997
[20]杨炳成,陈偕民,郝宪武.结构有限元素法[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1996
[21]肖汝诚.桥梁结构分析与程序系统[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[22]巫昌海.三维钢筋混凝土非线性有限元及其工程应用[D].河海大学,2005
[23] Chen W F. Plasticity in Reinforced Concrete. McGraw-Hill Book Company,New York,1982
[24] Willam K J,Warnke E P. Constitutive Models for the Triaxial Behavior of Concrete.IABSE Proceeding,1975,19:1~30
[25] Ottosen N S. A Failure Criterion for Concrete. ASCE, 1977,103(EM4):527~535
[26] Hsieh S S,Ting E C,Chen W F. An Elastic-Fracture Model for Concrete. Proceeding of 3rd Engineering Mechanics Division,Special Conference ASCE,Austin1979:437~440
[27]俞茂宏.强度理论新体系[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1992
[28]湖北省恩施市罗针田大桥静载试验报告[R].武汉:华中科技大学工程结构检测中心,2005.11
[29]周旭东.喷射混凝土在板桥加固中的应用研究[D].长安大学,2005
[30]程良奎.喷射混凝土[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990
[31]涂建山,高明.混凝土喷射回弹率高的原因分析及对策[J].煤矿安全,2004,Vol.35 No.2:21-22
[32]卢照辉.喷射混凝土配合比设计[J].混凝土,2002,No.10:53-54
[33]王科.喷射混凝土在钢筋混凝土结构加固工程中的应用研究[D].西南交通大学,2006
[34]吕康成.隧道工程试验检测技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[35]佟百龙等.钢筋植筋锚固参数研究[J].东北公路,2003,Vol.26 No.3:97-100
[2]漆泰生.双曲拱桥主要病害及成因分析[J].交通标准化,2006,No.159:41-44
[3]蒙云,卢波.桥梁加固与改造[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[4]堪润水,胡钊芳,帅长斌.公里旧桥加固技术与实例[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[5]刘来君,宋一凡.桥梁加固设计与施工技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[6]赵伟.双曲拱桥梁的加固方法和选择原则[J].公路桥梁,2007,Vol 14:113-115
[7]陈文峰.喷射混凝土法加固桥梁上部结构研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005
[8]王红喜,陈友治,丁庆军.喷射混凝土的现状和发展[J].岩土工程技术,2004,Vol.18 No.1:51-54
[9]夏伟.双曲拱桥病害类型及加固方法研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2006
[10]郭永琛,叶见曙.桥梁技术改造[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[11]杨文渊,徐犇.桥梁维修与加固[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[12]项海帆.高等桥梁结构理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[13]贺栓海.桥梁结构理论与计算方法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[14]江见鯨.钢筋混凝土结构非线性有限元分析[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1994
[15]江见鯨,陆新征等.凝土结构有限元分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[16]张海龙.钢筋混凝土结构极限承载力分析的非线性有限元法[D].长安大学,2005
[17]吕西林,金国芳,吴晓涵.钢筋混凝土结构非线性有限元理论与应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997
[18]过镇海,时旭东.钢筋混凝土原理和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[19]过镇海.混凝土的强度和变形、试验基础和本构关系[M].北京:清华大学出版社1997
[20]杨炳成,陈偕民,郝宪武.结构有限元素法[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1996
[21]肖汝诚.桥梁结构分析与程序系统[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[22]巫昌海.三维钢筋混凝土非线性有限元及其工程应用[D].河海大学,2005
[23] Chen W F. Plasticity in Reinforced Concrete. McGraw-Hill Book Company,New York,1982
[24] Willam K J,Warnke E P. Constitutive Models for the Triaxial Behavior of Concrete.IABSE Proceeding,1975,19:1~30
[25] Ottosen N S. A Failure Criterion for Concrete. ASCE, 1977,103(EM4):527~535
[26] Hsieh S S,Ting E C,Chen W F. An Elastic-Fracture Model for Concrete. Proceeding of 3rd Engineering Mechanics Division,Special Conference ASCE,Austin1979:437~440
[27]俞茂宏.强度理论新体系[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1992
[28]湖北省恩施市罗针田大桥静载试验报告[R].武汉:华中科技大学工程结构检测中心,2005.11
[29]周旭东.喷射混凝土在板桥加固中的应用研究[D].长安大学,2005
[30]程良奎.喷射混凝土[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990
[31]涂建山,高明.混凝土喷射回弹率高的原因分析及对策[J].煤矿安全,2004,Vol.35 No.2:21-22
[32]卢照辉.喷射混凝土配合比设计[J].混凝土,2002,No.10:53-54
[33]王科.喷射混凝土在钢筋混凝土结构加固工程中的应用研究[D].西南交通大学,2006
[34]吕康成.隧道工程试验检测技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[35]佟百龙等.钢筋植筋锚固参数研究[J].东北公路,2003,Vol.26 No.3:97-100